土建監(jiān)理工程師個人工作總結(jié)土建監(jiān)理工程師個人總結(jié)

第46頁共46頁土建監(jiān)理工程師個人工作總結(jié)|土建監(jiān)理工程師個人總結(jié)土建監(jiān)理工程師個人工作總結(jié)一年的時間很快過去了，在這一年多時間里，我在公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、部門領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和同事們的關(guān)心與幫助下，工作能力與專業(yè)技術(shù)有了更進一步的提高。在這年終歲末之時，總結(jié)自己工作中的成績和收獲，從而找出不足，以利于今后能夠更好的完成工資任務(wù)，也衷心希望大家對總結(jié)不妥之處給予指正，對我來說是極大的幫助。在過去的一年多時間里，我在xx項目一組團擔任土建監(jiān)理工程師職務(wù)，該項目涉及到土建、電氣設(shè)備、園林工藝、市政管網(wǎng)等多種專業(yè)，是比較大的綜合性項目，作為土建監(jiān)理工程師的我，感到任重而道遠，特別是高層建筑施工，工程量大而且施工難度和質(zhì)量要求都比較高，針對該特點，在項目監(jiān)理部總監(jiān)及總代的帶領(lǐng)下，制定了具有針對性的、切實可行的監(jiān)理方案。從基礎(chǔ)到主體，每道施工工序嚴格按照監(jiān)理規(guī)范、圖紙設(shè)計和國家現(xiàn)行施工質(zhì)量驗收規(guī)范實施監(jiān)理工作，以抓好對建筑材料的質(zhì)量控制和對施工工藝的質(zhì)量控制為重點工作，確保建筑物結(jié)構(gòu)安全，對工程所需的原材料審查其材料質(zhì)保單、復(fù)檢報告、見證取樣、送檢，審查其試驗結(jié)果，確保原材料質(zhì)量。在高層主體施工中嚴格檢查鋼筋的綁扎質(zhì)量和鋼筋的保護層厚度以及砼的澆筑振搗，對各施工過程中的巡視、檢查所發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題及時采用口頭形式或書面形式通知施工單位項目部，做到發(fā)現(xiàn)問題及時向總監(jiān)匯報，并督促施工單位落實整改及進行再次的復(fù)核檢查，并要求監(jiān)理人員做好關(guān)鍵部位的旁站監(jiān)理，盡自己最大的努力做好監(jiān)理控制質(zhì)量的事前與事中控制，盡職盡職的做好我應(yīng)該做的工作，堅持了嚴格按圖、按規(guī)范、合同實施監(jiān)理，確保各分項、分部工程的合格驗收。在1-5_樓及37_樓主體結(jié)構(gòu)施工現(xiàn)場的監(jiān)理工作中，我深感自己對主體結(jié)構(gòu)工程的不足之處，對此我查閱了大量的技術(shù)規(guī)范和施工驗收規(guī)范，通過自身的學(xué)習(xí)和實踐掌握了與主體結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)的技術(shù)和經(jīng)驗，從主體結(jié)構(gòu)的模板搭設(shè)到鋼筋安裝和砼澆筑，嚴格檢查每道工序施工質(zhì)量，鋼管構(gòu)件、鋼筋型號、鋼筋錨固、搭接長度，鋼筋原材及半成混凝土等進場后，均認真審核相關(guān)資料是否齊全，核對質(zhì)保資料與材料批號是否一致，同時對有關(guān)材料進行見證取樣送檢，全部符合設(shè)計及規(guī)范要求。特別是鋼筋及混凝土的質(zhì)量，要求施工方按規(guī)范要求進行了見證取樣、送檢，保證了主體結(jié)構(gòu)的工程質(zhì)量。根據(jù)工程特點及影響工程質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵部位，審核承包人提交的施工組織設(shè)計，并針對其不足之處提出改進意見，核查進廠材料的原始憑證、檢測報告等質(zhì)量證明文件。并做好事前控制，確保工程質(zhì)量及安全事故不發(fā)生或少發(fā)生。例如：冬季施工，氣溫較低，砼澆灌、砌體砌筑、墻壁抹灰等都不易保證質(zhì)量，因此要求施工單位提供冬季施工方案，提前預(yù)防，避免凍害發(fā)生。對重要工程部位及易出現(xiàn)質(zhì)量問題的分部工程制定質(zhì)量預(yù)檢措施，例如：土建工程混凝土澆筑工程施工中，梁板、柱是工程的重點部位，涉及到模板、鋼筋綁扎、砼澆灌等多道工序，一旦疏忽就可能造成工程質(zhì)量事故，一旦出現(xiàn)質(zhì)量問題后果嚴重，因此在該部位施工中，加強監(jiān)控，采取旁站監(jiān)理措施，嚴格監(jiān)理各部位的施工，并對影響施工質(zhì)量的因素事前提出，要求施工單位編制預(yù)防措施及施工方案，從而保證了梁板、柱的施工質(zhì)量。為加強事中控制，在監(jiān)理xx公司施工隊的施工過程中，發(fā)現(xiàn)該隊伍使用的商混存在質(zhì)量問題，使其局部樓板存在開裂現(xiàn)象，雖然承包商有實驗室的質(zhì)檢報告，但本著為業(yè)主負責的態(tài)度，及時對該批混凝土采取平行檢驗手段進行抽檢，確信其各項強度指標滿足設(shè)計要求后方允許施工單位使用。該隊伍在砌體砌筑、墻壁抹灰施工中也存在質(zhì)量問題，為保證施工質(zhì)量，本人及時下發(fā)監(jiān)理通知并要求施工單位對質(zhì)量有缺陷的部位做修補處理，并達到設(shè)計、規(guī)范要求的質(zhì)量標準。在監(jiān)理工作中，要求施工單位在施工過程中，按照設(shè)計內(nèi)容、設(shè)計要求、施工驗收規(guī)范，按質(zhì)、按量施工，確保了施工質(zhì)量、無安全隱患。在各工序施工中，要求施工單位嚴格執(zhí)行國家和地方有關(guān)施工質(zhì)量報驗制度，對施工單位交驗的有關(guān)施工質(zhì)量報表和隱蔽資料及時檢查簽認，根據(jù)設(shè)計文件及承包合同中有關(guān)工程量計算的規(guī)定，對承包單位申報的已完工程的工程量進行審核、簽認并做好記錄。監(jiān)理記錄是工程監(jiān)理不可缺少的環(huán)節(jié)，本人有完整而充分的監(jiān)理日記，旁站記錄及安全監(jiān)理日記，詳細的記錄了每天施工現(xiàn)場的有關(guān)情況，為公平的解決業(yè)主與承包商的爭端提供可靠依據(jù)。本人在一組團工地的監(jiān)理過程中，積極協(xié)調(diào)各單位間的關(guān)系，使它們相互配合，相互支持，搞好銜接，保證了施工質(zhì)量和進度的按期完成。通過上述工作，本人完成了一組團1_樓、2_樓1、2單元、3_樓1、2單元主體結(jié)構(gòu)的土木建筑工程的監(jiān)理情況，一年多的監(jiān)理工作收獲很大，但也有不足，例如：本人是建筑工程管理專業(yè)的，對水電專業(yè)知識了解不多，有些工藝要求不十分熟悉，而監(jiān)理行業(yè)要求監(jiān)理工程師應(yīng)具備多學(xué)科、多行業(yè)豐富的知識，因此本人在各學(xué)科專業(yè)知識方面，還需繼續(xù)努力學(xué)習(xí)，不斷提高自己的業(yè)務(wù)能力和專業(yè)水平?？傊?，一年多的工作給我的體會是作為一名監(jiān)理工程師不僅要具備豐富的專業(yè)知識，而且還要有較強的溝通協(xié)調(diào)能力，只有不斷提高自己的專業(yè)技術(shù)水平和業(yè)務(wù)能力、提高自己的溝通能力和環(huán)境的適應(yīng)能力，才能更好的服務(wù)于工程的建設(shè)，才能使自己得以更好的發(fā)展。在工作中各種不同的壓力對我來說也是一種難得的挑戰(zhàn)和考驗，盡管一年來的工作中有很多的困難和曲折，但回首過去，也使我懂得了很多、認識了很多，同時也總結(jié)了不少的經(jīng)驗和教訓(xùn)，為以后更好的工作奠定了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。20XX年已經(jīng)到來，在這新的一年里我將不斷地完善自身的不足，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗和教訓(xùn)，不斷加強自身專業(yè)技術(shù)水平和業(yè)務(wù)素質(zhì)的提高，不斷的充實自己。我堅信在公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和各位同事的大力幫助下一定能更好完成我的各項工作任務(wù)，為公司做出自己應(yīng)有的貢獻。專業(yè)監(jiān)理工程師：xx二零一三年一月十五號20XX年職稱英語理工類考B級模擬習(xí)題20XX-12-2416:07:31

作者:【大

中

小】瀏覽:123次評論:0條第1部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)1.Marsha

（confessed）

that

she

knew

nothing

of

puter.A.

reportedB.

admittedC.

hopedD.

answered【參考答案】B2.A

number

of

theories

have

been

（proposed）

to

explain

the

situation.A.

testedB.

suggestedC.

usedD.

announced【參考答案】B3.They

（converted）

the

spare

bedroom

into

an

office.微信號：shjpx2022A.

reducedB.

turnedC.

movedD.

reformed【參考答案】B4.She

can

be

（relied

on）

in

a

crisis.A.

depended

onB.

looked

afterC.

believed

inD.

turned

on【參考答案】A5.His

long-term

（goal）

is

to

set

up

his

own

business.A.

ideaB.

energyC.

orderD.

aim【參考答案】D6.The

test

produced

（disappointing）

results.A.

indirectB.

similarC.

positiveD.

unsatisfactory【參考答案】D7.She

gets

（aggressive）

when

she

is

drunk.A．worriedB．sleepyC．a(chǎn)nxiousD．offensive【參考答案】D8.“There

is

no

other

choice,“

she

saidin

a

（harsh）

voice.A．unkindB．firmC．softD．deep【參考答案】A9.That

performance

was

（pretty）

impressive.A．pletelyB．beautifullyC．veryD．equally【參考答案】C10.He

was

（tempted）

by

the

high

salaryoffered

by

the

微信號：shjpx2022pany.A．a(chǎn)ttractedB．taughtC．keptD．changed【參考答案】A11.She

only

needs

a

（minute）

amount

of

money．A．certainB．fairC．fullD．small【參考答案】D12.We

had

trouble

finding

a

（pure）

water

supply．A．typicalB．pleteC．cleanD．clear【參考答案】C13.On

the

table

was

a

vase

filled

with

（artificial）

flowers．A．wildB．freshC．lovelyD．false【參考答案】D14.The

（Contempt）

he

felt

for

his

fellow

students

was

obvious．A．hateB．needC．loveD．pity【參考答案】A15.He

（inspired）

many

young

people

to

take

up

the

sport．A．encouragedB．a(chǎn)llowedC．calledD．a(chǎn)dvised【參考答案】A第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16-22題，每題1分，共7分）Lakes,

Too,

Feel

Global

WarmingThere＇s

no

doubt:

In

the

last

few

decades,

the

average

temperature

on

Earth

has

been

higher

than

it＇s

been

in

hundreds

of

years.

Around

the

world,

people

are

starting

to

measure

the

effects

of

global

warming

-

and

trying

to

figure

out

what

to

do

about

it.Scientists

recently

used

satellites

to

study

the

temperatures

of

lakes

around

the

world,

and

they

found

that

lakes

are

heating

up.Between

1985

and

2022,

satellites

recordedthe

nighttime

temperatures

of

the

surfaces

of

167

lakes.

During

those

24

years,

the

lakes

got

warmer

-

by

an

average

of

about

0.045

degree

Celsius

per

year.In

some

places,

lakes

have

been

warming

by

as

much

as

0.10

degree

Celsius

per

year.

At

that

rate,

a

lake

may

warm

by

a

full

degree

Celsius,

or

1.8

degrees

Fahrenheit,

in

just

10

years.

That

difference

may

seem

small

-

you

might

not

even

notice

it

in

your

bathtub.

But

in

a

lake,

slightly

warmer

temperatures

could

mean

more

algae,

and

algae

can

make

the

lake

poisonous

to

fish.The

study

shows

that

in

some

regions,

微信號：shjpx2022lakes

are

warming

faster

than

the

air

around

them.

This

is

important

because

scientists

often

use

measurements

of

air

temperature

to

study

how

the

Earth

is

warming.

By

using

lake

temperatures

as

well,

scientists

can

get

a

better

picture

of

global

warming.The

scientists

say

data

on

lakes

give

scientists

a

new

way

to

measure

the

impact

of

climate

change

around

the

world.That＇s

going

to

be

useful,

since

no

country

is

too

big

or

too

small

to

ignore

climate

change.

Scientists

aren＇t

the

only

ones

concerned.

Everyone

who

lives

on

Earth

is

going

to

be

affected

by

therapidwarming

of

the

p微信號：shjpx2022la.Many

world

leaders

believe

we

might

be

able

to

do

something

about

it,

especially

by

reducing

the

amount

of

greenhouse

gases

we

put

into

the

air.That＇s

why

the

United

Nations

started

the

Framework

Convention

on

Climate

Change,

or

UNFCCC.

Every

year

the

convention

meets,

and

representatives

from

countries

around

the

world

gather

to

talk

about

climate

change

and

discuss

global

solutions

to

the

challenges

of

a

warming

world.16

Scientist

have

been

keeping

records

of

lake

temperatures

for

over

30

years.A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not

mentioned【參考答案】B

文中第二段提到科學(xué)家在

1985

到

2022年的24年間不斷地測量湖泊的夜間溫度。然

而，題干認為科學(xué)家對湖泊溫度的測量超過

30

年，與文章本意不符。17

The

temperatures

of

lakes

around

the

world

have

increased

greatly

between

1985

and

2022.A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not

mentioned【參考答案】B

文中第二段最后兩句話提到科學(xué)家連續(xù)

24年測量了世界上

167個湖泊的夜間溫度。測量的結(jié)果是這些湖泊的溫度每年增長

0.045

度。題干中認為的“世界的湖泊溫度大幅增

長“的表達不符合文章本意。18

Lakes

seem

to

be

warming

faster

in

Asia.A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not

mentioned【參考答案】C

文章第三段第一句話只提到了有些地方湖泊的溫度增長可以每年達到O.

1

攝氏度，但并沒有說是亞洲湖泊，因此本題的答案應(yīng)是選項

C，“沒有提及“。19

A

slight

temperature

increase

in

a

lake

could

be

harmful

to

fish.A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not

mentioned【參考答案】

A

文章第三段最后一句話提到“一個湖泊水溫的輕微升高都會導(dǎo)致水藻增多，并且水

藻使得湖泊有毒而不適合魚類生存“，因此本文題干表達的意思符合文章本意，選擇答案A。20

Scientists

generally

focus

on

air

temperatures

when

studying

global

warming.A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not

mentioned【參考答案】A

文章第四段第二句話提到“科學(xué)家經(jīng)常使用對空氣溫度的測量值來研究地球變暖的情況“，因此題干表達的意思與文章本意相符。答案為

A。21

Globle

warming

is

less

threatening

to

small

countries.A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not

mentioned【參考答案】B

文章第五段第一句話提到“世界上沒有哪個國家會很大或很小以至于不用關(guān)注氣候

的變化“，因此，題干中提到的“一些小國家受到氣候變暖的威脅比較小“與文章本意不符。答案為B。22

UNFCCC＇s

annual

meeting

will

be

held

in

Mexico

this

year.A

Right

B

Wrong

C

Not

mentioned【參考答案】C

文章最后一段提到了“聯(lián)合國氣候變化框架公約“的年會，但是沒有提到今年的會議在墨西哥舉行，所以題干中提到的信息在文中沒有顯示。答案為

C。第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23-30題，每題1分，共8分)Ecosystem1.

The

word

“ecosystem“

is

short

for

ecological

(生態(tài)的)

system.

An

ecosystem

is

whereliving

creatures

expand

within

a

given

area.

You

can

say

that

an

ecosystem

is

the

naturalenvironment

where

biological

organisms

(生物)

such

as

plants,

animals

and

humans

co-existin

this

world.

So

naturally

that

includes

you

and

me.

Yes,

we

are

all

members

of

anecosystem

!2.

There

are

different

kinds

of

ecosystems

depending

on

the

type

of

surface

or

environment.Most

are

naturally

made

such

as

the

ocean

or

lake

and

the

desert

or

rainforest.

Some

areman-made

or

artificial

to

encourage

co-habitation

(合居)

between

living

and

non-livingthings

in

a

monitored

environment,

such

as

a

zoo

or

garden.3.

Plants

make

up

the

biggest

group

of

biological

creatures

within

an

ecosystem,

and

that＇sbecause

they

are

the

natural

food

producers

for

everyone.

Plants

raised

in

the

earth

need

airand

collect

sunlight

to

help

them

grow.

When

they

grow,

the

plants

and

its

fruits

or

flowerseventually

bee

a

source

of

food

to

animals,

microorganisms

(微生物

)

and

evenhumans,

of

course.

Food

is

then

converted

to

energy

for

the

rest

of

us

to

function,

and

thishappens

in

a

never-ending

cycle

until

the

living

creatures

die

and

break

up

back

in

the

earth.4.

Ecosystems

are

the

basis

of

survival

for

all

living

things.

We

depend

on

plants

and

animalsfor

food.

In

order

for

us

to

exist,

we

need

to

grow

and

care

about

other

organisms.

We

alsoneed

to

care

for

the

non-living

things

within

our

environment

like

our

air

and

water

so

we

cancontinue

living

as

a

population.

Since

plants,

animals

and

humans

are

all

of

various

species(物種),

we

all

play

a

role

in

maintaining

the

ecosystem.5.

To

preserve

our

ecosystems,

we

should

stop

using

too

much

energy,

which

happens

when

weconsume

more

than

our

share

of

resources.

Humans

should

not

disturb

the

natural

habitat

(

棲息地)

of

plants

and

animals,

and

allow

them

to

grow.

healthily

for

the

cycle

to

continue.Too

many

people

in

a

habitat

can

mean

displacement

(搬遷)：

imagine

being

thrown

out

ofyour

home

because

there

is

no

more

space

for

everyone.

Worse,

overpopulation

can

also

ruinthe

environment

and

cause

destruction

of

existing

plants

and

animals.23、Paragraph

2_______A．What

can

we

do

to

help

protect

ecosystems?B．What

are

different

types

of

ecosystems?C．What

is

an

ecosystem?D．What

destroys

ecosystems?E．How

does

an

ecosystem

work?F．Why

are

ecosystems

important?【參考答案】B【題干】第二段的主要內(nèi)容是______。【解析】第二段的首句是主題句，根據(jù)不同表面或環(huán)境類型有不同種類的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，所以本段就是解釋ecosystem的不同種類的。故B(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有哪些不同的類型)是正確答案。24、

Paragraph

3_______A．What

can

we

do

to

help

protect

ecosystems?B．What

are

different

types

of

ecosystems?C．What

is

an

ecosystem?D．What

destroys

ecosystems?E．How

does

an

ecosystem

work?F．Why

are

ecosystems

important?【參考答案】E【題干】第三段主要內(nèi)容是______。【解析】第三段沒有主題句，本段的大意是植物通過空氣和陽光生長，其果實和花朵最后變?yōu)閯游铩⑽⑸镆约叭祟惖氖澄?，就這樣不斷循環(huán)，生態(tài)體系得以持續(xù)，故E(生態(tài)體系是如何運作的)為最佳答案。25、

Paragraph

4_______A．What

can

we

do

to

help

protect

ecosystems?B．What

are

different

types

of

ecosystems?C．What

is

an

ecosystem?D．What

destroys

ecosystems?E．How

does

an

ecosystem

work?F．Why

are

ecosystems

important?【參考答案】F【題干】第四段主要內(nèi)容______?！窘馕觥康谒亩问拙涫侵黝}句，首先生態(tài)體系是所有生物生存的根本，接著說明了生態(tài)體系中各種生物閫相互依賴才能生存下去。故F(生態(tài)體系為什么重要)是正確答案。26、

Paragraph

5_______A．What

can

we

do

to

help

protect

ecosystems?B．What

are

different

types

of

ecosystems?C．What

is

an

ecosystem?D．What

destroys

ecosystems?E．How

does

an

ecosystem

work?F．Why

are

ecosystems

important?【參考答案】A【題干】第五段主要內(nèi)容是______?！窘馕觥康谖宥问拙涫侵黝}句，為了保護我們的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，我們應(yīng)該停止使用太多的能量，因為這會使我們消耗的超過我們能共享的資，故A(我們?yōu)榱吮Ｗo生態(tài)體系應(yīng)該做些什么)是正確答案。27、

In

an

ecosystem,

plants,

animals

and

humans

live

together

in_______A．our

share

of

resourcesB．a(chǎn)

biological

creatureC．a(chǎn)

given

areaD．the

maintenance

of

the

ecosystemE．the

source

of

foodF．various

species【參考答案】C【題干】在生態(tài)體系中，動植物以及人類一起生活在______。【解析】根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是某一特定區(qū)域內(nèi)的生物擴大化。故

選C。28、

Plants

are

essential

in

an

ecosystem

because

to

other

living

creatures

they

are_______A．our

share

of

resourcesB．a(chǎn)

biological

creatureC．a(chǎn)

given

areaD．the

maintenance

of

the

ecosystemE．the

source

of

foodF．various

species【參考答案】E【題干】植物在生態(tài)體系中很重要，因為對于其他生物來說他們是______。【解析】根據(jù)第三段第一句話可知植物是其他生物的天然食物。故選E。29、

Plants,

animals

and

humans

are

all

effective

in_______A．our

share

of

resourcesB．a(chǎn)

biological

creatureC．a(chǎn)

given

areaD．the

maintenance

of

the

ecosystemE．the

source

of

foodF．various

species【參考答案】D【題干】動植物以及人類在______上都發(fā)揮著作用?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)第四段最后一句話可知，動植物在維護生態(tài)體系上都發(fā)揮著作用。故選D。30、

To

protect

our

ecosystems

we

should

not

use

more

than_______A．our

share

of

resourcesB．a(chǎn)

biological

creatureC．a(chǎn)

given

areaD．the

maintenance

of

the

ecosystemE．the

source

of

foodF．various

species【參考答案】A【題干】為保護環(huán)境，我們應(yīng)該使用不多于______?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)第五段第一句話可知，本文作者倡導(dǎo)我們應(yīng)該節(jié)約our

share

of

resources，使用的資不要超過自己的那一份。故選A。第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)Graphene’s

SuperstrengthBig

technology

es

in

tiny

packages．New

Cell

phones

and

personal

puters

get

smaller

every

vear，which

means

these

electronics

require

even

smaller

ponents

on

the

inside．Engineers

are

100—king

for

Creative

ways

to

Build

these

ponents，and

they’ve

turned

their

eyes

to

graphene，a

super—thin

material，made

of

Carbon，that

Could

Change

the

future

of

electronics．This

year，s

Nobel

Prize

for

Physics

has

Been

awarded

to

Andre

Geim

and

Kostya

Novoselov

from

the

University

of

Manchester，UK

for

the

Discovery

of

graphene．Graphene

isn’t

just

small，it＇s

“the

thinnest

Dossible

materialin

this

world．”says

Novosetov．He

Calls

it

a

“wonder

material．”It’s

so

thin

that

you

would

need

to

stack

about

25，000

sheets

just

to

make

a

pile

as

thick

as

a

piece

of

ordinary

white

paper．If

you

were

to

hold

a

sheet

of

graphene

in

your

fingers，you’d

have

no

idea

Because

you

wouldn’t

Be

able

to

see

it．

Carbon

is

one

of

the

most

abundant

elements

in

the

universe．Every

known

kind

of

life

Contains

Carbon．Graphene

is

a

sheet

of

Carbon，but

only

one

atom

thick．You

Don’t

have

to

look

far

to

find

gra—phene—it’s

all

around

you．If

you

want

this

high—tech

wonder

stuff，all

you

need

is

a

pencil，paper

and

a

little

adhesive

tape.

Use

the

Dencil

to

shade

a

small

area

on

the

paper，and

then

apply

a

small

piece

of

adhesive

tape

over

the

area．When

you

pull

up

the

tape，you’11

see

that

it

pulls

up

a

thin

layer

of

some

of

the

shading

from

your

pencil．That

layer

isCalled

graphite，one

of

the

softest

minerals

in

the

world．Now

stick

the

same

piece

of

tape

on

another

sheet

of

paper

and

pull

the

tape

up—there

shouldBean

even

thinner

layer，this

time

left

on

the

paper．Now

imagine

that

youDo

this

over

and

over，until

you

get

the

thinnest

possible

layer

of

material

on

the

paper．This

layer

would

Be

only

one

atom

thick.

and

vou

wouldn，tBe

able

to

see

it．Graphite

is

made

of

layers

of

graphene．so

when

you

get

to

the

thin—

nest

possible

layer，you’ve

found

graphene．31．What

would

Change

the

future

of

electronics

according

to

engineers?A．Personal

puter．B．Big

technology．C．Graphene．D．Creative

ways．【參考答案】C【解析】題意：工程師會通過什么來改變電子產(chǎn)品的未來?題干中的【關(guān)鍵詞】：^p為“the

future

of

electronics”，按題干中的【關(guān)鍵詞】：^p回原文查讀，they’ve

turned

their

eyes

to

graphene，a

super—thin

material，made

of

carbon，that

could

change

the

future

of

electronics．可知the

future

of

electronics之前的that指代的是graphene。所以C選項是正確的。32．Which

of

the

following

statements

about

graphene

is

true?A．It

is

visible

to

the

human

eye．B．It

is

possibly

the

thinnest

material

in

the

world．C．It

Can

Be

used

to

make

paper．D．Finding

it

Demands

time

and

money．【參考答案】B【解析】題意：關(guān)于石墨烯的說法，下面哪項是正確的?此類題目有兩種方法，一種是排除法，一種是直選法。本題B選項的說法在文中有原文提示：it’s

“the

thinnest

possible

material

in

this

world．”says

Novoselov。所以可以很肯定地選B。33．The

word

“apply”

in

paragraph

4

Could

Be

used

to

replaceBy?A．Push．B．Find．C．Collect．D．Put．【參考答案】D【解析】題意：第四段中的“apply“

以用什么詞來代替?Apply出現(xiàn)在此句中：Use

the

pencil

to

shade

a

small

area

on

the

paper，and

then

apply

a

small

piece

of

adhesive

tape

over

the

area．句子意思是用鉛筆在紙上涂黑一小塊兒，然后把膠帶紙粘在上面。apply的意思可以理解為“使用，放”。題目所給的四個選項分別為A項“推”；B項“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；C項“收集’，D項“放”。可見put更貼合句意。所以選D。34．WhatDoes

the

writer

tell

in

the

last

two

paragraphs?A．An

easy

way

to

find

graphene．B．Significance

of

the

Discovery

of

graphene．C．Development

of

high-tech

wonders．D．Possible

applications

of

graphene．【參考答案】A【解析】題意：最后兩段作者想說明的是什么?最后兩段作者通過詳細的步驟描述，告訴讀者如何從鉛筆畫到紙上的涂黑區(qū)域得到石墨烯。所以A選項是正確的。35．Graphene’s

super

strength

lies

in

the

fact

that__________.A．1t

is

the

thinnest

material

in

the

world．B．It

is

made

of

the

most

abundant

elements

in

the

world．C．It

Can

help

to

make

electronic

ponents

smaller.D．It

helps

engineers

to

produce

more

sensitive

electronic

products.【參考答案】C【解析】題意：石墨烯的超強實力在于什么?這個問題的答案要回到開篇去尋找，作者在第一段點明：新的電子產(chǎn)品需要元器件的體積小。并以此展開對石墨烯的論述。所以C選項It

can

help

to

make

electronic

ponents

smaller是正確的。When

Our

Eyes

Serve

Our

StomachOur

senses

aren＇t

just

delivering

a

strict

view

of

what＇s

going

on

in

the

world;

they＇re

affected

by

what＇s

going

on

in

our

heads.

A

new

study

finds

that

hungry

people

see

food-relatedwords

more

clearly

than

people

who＇ve

just

eaten.Psychologists

have

known

for

decades

that

what＇s

going

on,

inside

our

head

affects

oursenses.

For

exle,

poorer

children

think

coins

are

larger

than

they

are,

and

hungry

peoplethink

pictures

of

food

are

brighter.

Remi

Radel

of

University

of

Nice

Sophia-Antipolis,

France,wanted

to

investigate

how

this

happens.

Does

it

happen

right

away

as

the

brain

receives

signalsfrom

the

eyes

or

a

little

later

as

the

brain＇s

high-level

thinking

processes

get

involved?Radel

recruited

42

students

with

a

normal

body

mass

index.

On

the

day

of

his

or

her

test,each

student

was

told

to

arrive

at

the

lab

at

noon

after

three

or

four

hours

of

not

eating.

Thenthey

were

told

there

was

a

delay.

Some

were

told

to

e

back

in

10

minutes;

others

weregiven

an

hour

to

get

lunch

first.

So

half

the

students

were

hungry

when

they

did

the

experimentand

the

other

half

had

just

eaten.For

the

experiment,

the

participant

looked

at

a

puter

screen.

One

by

one,

80

wordsflashed

on

the

screen

for

about

1/300th

of

a

second

each.

They

flashed

at

so

small

a

size

that

thestudents

could

only

consciously

perceive.

A

quarter

of

the

words

were

food-related.

After

eachword,

each

person

was

asked

how

bright

the

word

was

and

asked

to

choose

which

of

two

wordsthey＇d

seen

--

a

food-related

word

like

cake

or

a

neutral

word

like

boat.

Each

word

appearedtoo

briefly

for

the

participant

to

really

read

it.Hungry

people

saw

the

food-reiated

words

as

brighter

and

were

better

at

identifying

food-related

words.

Because

the

word

appeared

too

quickly

for

them

to

be

reliably

seen,

this

meansthat

the

difference

is

in

perception

,

not

in

thinking

processes,

Radel

says.“This

is

something

great

to

me.

Humans

can

really

perceive

what

they

need

or

what

theystrive

for.

From

the

experiment,

I

know

that

our

brain

can

really

be

at

the

disposal

of

ourmotives

and

needs,“

Radel

says.36、“Poorer

children“

and

“hungry

people“

are

mentioned

in

Paragraph

2

to

show_______.A．humans＇

senses

are

influenced

by

what＇s

going

on

in

their

headsB．they

have

sharper

senses

than

othersC．they

lose

their

senses

because

of

poverty

and

hungerD．humans＇

senses

are

affected

by

what

they

see

with

their

eyes【參考答案】A【題干】第二段中提及的“貧困的小孩”和“饑餓的人”是為了表明______。A．人類的感覺被頭腦中的活動影響B(tài)．他們比其他人的感覺更敏銳C．他們因為貧窮和饑餓而喪失了感覺D．人們的感覺受到視覺的影響【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知數(shù)十年J,X來，心理學(xué)家已經(jīng)知道我們的大腦活動直接影響到我們的感覺，接下來就以“poorerchildren”和“hungry

people”為例來論證。故A項是正確答案。37、

There

was

a

delay

in

Radel＇s

experiment

becauseA．he

needed

more

students

to

joinB．he

didn＇t

prepare

enough

food

for

the

42

studentsC．he

wanted

two

groups

of

participants,

hungry

and

non-hungryD．he

didn＇t

want

to

have

the

experiment

at

noon【參考答案】C【題干】在拉德爾實驗中有一個延遲，因為。A．他需要更多的學(xué)生加入B．他沒有為42個學(xué)生準備足夠的食物C．他想用兩組參與者：饑餓的和不饑餓的D．他不想在中午的時候進行試驗【解析】細節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)【關(guān)鍵詞】：^p“a

delay”定位到第三段第三句可知拉德爾告訴一部分學(xué)生實驗時間推遲了，僅從這句話并不能找到答案，需要聯(lián)系上文。第一段有句話“A

new

study

finds

that

hungry

people

see

food-related

words

moreclearly

than

people

wh0’ve

just

eaten．”可知一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：比起那些剛剛用過餐的人，饑餓的人能更清晰地看到與食品有關(guān)的詞。而拉德爾的實驗是為了進行這項研究，那么就需要“饑餓”和“不饑餓”兩組人。故C是正確答案。38、

Why

did

the

80

words

flash

so

fast

and

at

so

small

a

size

on

the

screen?A．To

ensure

the

participant

was

unable

to

perceive

anything.B．To

guarantee

each

word

came

out

at

the

same

speed

and

size.C．To

shorten

the

time

of

the

experiment.D．To

make

sure

the

participant

had

no

time

to

think

consciously.【參考答案】D【題干】在如此小的屏幕上，為什么80字閃得那么快?A．保證參與者不能察覺到任何事情B．保證每個字都是以同樣的速度和大小出來的C．縮短實驗的時間D．確定參與者沒有時間下意識地思考【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文中第四段第二、三句“One

by

one，80

words

flashed

onthe

screen

forabout

l／300th

of

a

second

each．Theyflashed

at

SO

small

a

sizethat

the

students

could

only

consciously

perceive．”可知屏幕上的80個字以1／300秒的頻率閃動，由于字體非常之小，被試者只能憑感覺捕捉到字形。故D(為了確保參與者沒有時間下意識地思考)是正確答案。39、

Radel＇s

experiment

discovered

that

hungry

people_______.A．were

more

sensitive

to

food-related

words

than

stomach-full

peopleB．were

better

at

identifying

neutral

wordsC．were

always

thinking

of

food-related

wordsD．saw

every

word

more

clearly

than

stomach-full

people【參考答案】A【題干】拉德爾的實驗中發(fā)現(xiàn)，饑餓的人——______。A．對與食物相關(guān)的詞比起飽腹的人更敏感]B．更好地鑒別中性的詞C．總是想到與食物相關(guān)的詞D．比飽腹的人看每個詞更清楚【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文中第五段首句“Hungry

people

saw

the

food—related

wordsasbrighter

and

were

better

at

identifying

food—relatedwords．”可知饑餓的人看到與食物有關(guān)的詞更明亮，且能更好地辨認出與食物有關(guān)的詞。故A是正確答案。40、

It

can

be

learnt

from

what

Radel

says

that_______.A．humans＇

thinking

processes

are

independent

of

their

sensesB．a(chǎn)n

experiment

with

hungry

and

non-hungry

participants

is

not

reliableC．humans

can

perceive

what

they

need

without

deep

thinking

processesD．42

participants

are

too

small

a

number

for

a

serious

investigation【參考答案】C【題干】從拉德爾說的可以了解到______。A．人類思維模式與感覺是獨立的B．對饑餓的和不饑餓的參與者進行的實驗，是不可靠的C．人們在不進行深層思考的時候也能察覺到他們需要什么D．42個參與者對于一個嚴肅的調(diào)查來講，數(shù)量太少【解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文中最后一段第二句“Humans

can

really

perceive

what

they

need

01“what

they

strive

for．”可知人類可以真正感知到自身的需要或者為之奮斗的目標。故C(沒有深刻的思維過程人類就可以感知他們所需要的東西)是正確答案。How

To

Be

A

Successful

BusinessmanHave

you

ever

wondered

why

some

people

are

successful

in

business

and

others

are

not?

Here＇s

a

story

about

one

successful

businessperson.

He

started

out

washing

dishes

and

today

he

owns

168

restaurants.Zubair

Kazi

was

born

in

Bhatkal,

a

small

town

in

southwest

India.

His

dream

was

to

be

an

airplane

pilot,

and

when

he

was

16

years

old,

he

learned

to

fly

a

small

plane.At

the

age

of

23

and

with

just

a

little

money

in

his

pocket,

Mr.

Kazi

moved

to

the

United

States.

He

hoped

to

get

a

job

in

the

airplane

industry

in

California.

Instead,

he

ended

up

working

for

a

pany

that

rented

cars.While

Mr.

Kazi

was

working

at

the

car

rental

(租賃的)

pany,

he

frequently

ate

at

a

nearby

KFC

restaurant.

To

save

money

on

food,

he

decided

to

get

a

job

with

KFC.

For

two

months,

he

worked

as

cook＇s

assistant.

His

job

was

to

clean

the

kitchen

and

help

the

cook.

“I

didn＇t

like

it,“

Mr.

Kazi

says,

“but

I

always

did

the

best

I

could.“One

day,

Mr.

Kazi＇s

two

co-workers

failed

to

e

to

work.

That

day,

Mr.

Kazi

did

the

work

of

all

three

people

in

the

kitchen.

This

really

impressed

the

owners

of

the

restaurant.

A

few

months

later,

the

owners

needed

a

manager

for

a

new

restaurant.

They

gave

the

job

to

Mr.

Kazi.

He

worked

hard

as

the

manager

and

soon

the

restaurant

was

making

a

profit.A

few

years

later,

Mr.

Kazi

heard

about

a

restaurant

that

was

losing

money.

The

restaurant

was

dirty

inside

and

food

was

terrible.

Mr.

Kazi

borrowed

money

from

a

bank

and

bought

the

restaurant.

For

the

first

six

months,

Mr.

Kazi

worked

in

the

restaurant

from

8

a.m.

to

10

p.m.,

seven

days

a

week.

He

and

his

wife

cleaned

up

the

restaurant,

remodeled

the

front

of

the

building,

and

improved

the

cooking.

They

also

tried

hard

to

please

the

customers.

If

someone

had

to

wait

more

than

ten

minutes

for

their

food,

Mrs.

Kazi

gave

them

a

free

soda.

Before

long

the

restaurant

was

making

a

profit.A

year

later,

Mr.

Kazi

sold

his

restaurant

for

a

profit.

With

the

money

he

earned,

he

bought

three

more

restaurants

that

were

losing

money.

Again,

he

cleaned

them

up,

improved

the

food,

and

retrained

the

employees.

Before

long

these

restaurants

were

making

a

profit

,

too.Today

Mr.

Kazi

owns

168

restaurants,

but

he

isn＇t

planning

to

stop

there.

He＇s

looking

for

more

poorly

managed

restaurants

to

buy.

“I

love

it

when

I

go

to

buy

a

restaurant

and

find

it＇s

a

mess,“

Mr.

Kazi

says.

“The

only

way

it

can

go

is

up.“41.

When

Mr.Kazi

was

young,

his

dreams

was

toA.

sell

carsB.

own

a

restaurantC.

be

an

airplane

pilotD.

because

a

good

cook【參考答案】C

第二段里講得很清楚。42.

Mr.Kazi

decided

to

word

with

KFC

toA.

learn

how

to

cookB.

save

money

for

a

carC.

save

money

on

foodD.

learn

how

to

run

a

restaurant【參考答案】C

見第四段里的這句話：To

save

money

on

food,

he

decided

to

get

a

job

with

KFC.43.

Mr.Kazi

became

the

manager

of

a

new

restaurant

becauseA.

his

co-workers

praised

himB.

he

was

a

good

cookC.

he

knew

how

to

run

a

restaurantD.

he

worked

very

hard【參考答案】D

答題依據(jù)可見第五段。44.

To

save

a

failing

restaurant,

Mr.Kazi

did

all

the

following

things,

EXCEPT

toA.

advertize

for

itB.

clean

it

upC.

improve

the

foodD.

retrain

the

employees【參考答案】A

在第六、七段里都提到他為挽救一個瀕臨倒閉的飯店所采取的種種措施，其中沒有

做廣告這一項。45.

In

the

last

paragraph,

“it＇s

a

mess

“meansA.

it＇s

smallB.

it＇s

dirtyC.

it＇s

profitableD.

it＇s

cheap【參考答案】B

mess

的意思就是

“一團糟“。第5部分：補全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)A

Doctor

in

the

HouseBrushing

your

teeth

twice

a

day

should

keep

the

dentist

away.

But

if

a

group

of

scientificresearchers

have

their

wish,

it

will

make

the

rest

of

your

body

healthy

too.

_______

(46)

It

isone

of

many

gadgets

(小裝置)

proposed

by

engineers

and

doctors

at

the

Center

for

FutureHealth

in

New

York

——

others

include

a

pair

of

glasses

that

help

to

jog

your

memory,

and

ahome

camera

designed

to

check

for

cancer.The

devices

seem

fanciful,

but

the

basic

principles

are

simple.

The

gadgets

should

make

iteasy

for

people

to

detect

illness

long

before

it

strikes

and

so

seek

treatment

far

earlier

thannormal.

_______(47)

In

the

long

run,

the

technology

may

even

prevent

illness

byencouraging

us

to

lead

healthier

lives.Intelligent

bandages

(繃帶)

are

a

good

exle.

Powerful

sensors

within

the

bandagecould

quickly

identify

tiny

amounts

of

bacteria

in

a

wound

and

determine

which

antibiotics

(

抗生素)

would

work

best.

_______

(48).Socks

are

long

overdue

for

a

makeover.

In

the

future

they

will

be

able

to

automaticallydetect

the

amount

of

pressure

in

your

foot

and

alert

you

when

an

ulcer

(潰瘍)

is

ing

up.All

the

projects

should

have

far-reaching

implications,

but

the

biggest

single

development

is

a

melanoma

(黑瘤)

monitor

designed

to

give

early

warnings

of

cancer.

_______

(49).

If

aproblem

is

found,

the

system

would

advise

you

to

get

a

check-up

at

your

doctor＇s

surgery.If

all

this

sounds

troublesome,

then

help

is

at

hand.

_______

(50).

A

standard

puterwould

be

able

to

understand

your

voice

and

answer

questions

about

your

symptoms

in

plainEnglish

and

in

a

way

which

would

calm

your

nerves.46、請在第____處填上正確答案。A．The

device

could

be

used

to

take

a

picture

of

your

body

each

week,

then

pare

it

with

previous

imagesB．That

is

going

to

be