現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)概論最強(qiáng)版復(fù)習(xí)資料chapter1

現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)概論最強(qiáng)版復(fù)習(xí)資料chapter1現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)概論最強(qiáng)版復(fù)習(xí)資料chapter1現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)概論最強(qiáng)版復(fù)習(xí)資料chapter1資料僅供參考文件編號(hào)：2022年4月現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)概論最強(qiáng)版復(fù)習(xí)資料chapter1版本號(hào)：A修改號(hào)：1頁(yè)次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)概論最強(qiáng)版復(fù)習(xí)資料Chapter1AGeneralSurveyOfEnglishVocabulary1.0TheDefinitionoftheterm“word”詞的定義1.1TheDevelopmentofEnglishVocabulary英語(yǔ)詞匯的發(fā)展史1.2ClassificationofEnglishWords詞的分類(lèi)TheDefinitionoftheterm“word”Word:afundamentalunitofspeechandaminimumfreeform;withaunityofsoundandmeaning(bothlexicalandgrammaticalmeaning),capableofperformingagivensyntacticfunction.aminimumfreeformsoundlexicalandgrammaticalmeaningsyntacticfunctionBoundform粘著形式：Neverusedassentences.Freeform自由形式：Consistsentirelyoftwoormorelesserfreeforms.It’snotaphrase，isaword.1.1TheDevelopmentofEnglishVocabularyNative:Celtic1stperiod(449-1100):OldEnglishorAnglo-SaxonPeriod(OEorAS)Celtic→Anglo-Saxon(thesettlementfrom450AD.)/OldNorse/Latin2ndperiod(1100-1500):MiddleEnglishPeriod(ME)French(theNormanConquestin1066)Latin3rdperiod(1500-present):ModernEnglishPeriodEarlystagesofModernEnglish(1500-1700)Latin(Renaissance)Greek(Renaissance)ContemporaryEnglish(1700-present):ThreeRomanceLanguages:French,Spanish,ItalianOtherEuropeanlanguages:Portuguese,German,Dutch…Non-Europeanlanguages(exploration,colonization,trade)Therapidgrowthofpresent-dayEnglishvocabularyanditscauses.Markedprogressofscienceandtechnology.Socio-economic，politicalandculturalchanges.Theinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguages.1.2ClassificationofEnglishWordsThreemaincriteria:Byorigin:1.nativewords本族詞2.loanwords外來(lái)詞Bylevelofusage:1.commonwords普通詞2.literarywords書(shū)面詞3.colloquialwords口頭詞4.slangwords俚語(yǔ)5.technicalwords術(shù)語(yǔ)Bynotion:1.functionwords功能詞2.contentwords實(shí)義詞Byorigin:1.nativewords本族詞2.loanwords外來(lái)詞Nativewords:wordsofAnglo-SaxonoriginorofoldEnglishFeaturesofnativewords:MostaremonosyllabicformingthegreatmajorityofthebasicwordstockLoan/borrowedwords:thoseborrowedfromotherlanguagesBasicwordstock:auxiliary,modalverbs,numerals,pronouns,prepositions,conjunctions,themostfrequentlyusedwords(essentialtolife)NationalcharacterStabilityWord-formingabilityAbilitytoformcollocationsBylevelofusage:1.Commonwords普通詞2.Literarywords書(shū)面詞3.Colloquialwords口頭詞4.Slangwords俚語(yǔ)5.Technicalwords術(shù)語(yǔ)*Therearenoclear-cutboundariesbetweenthevariousclassesofwords.Commonwords普通詞:connectedwiththeordinarythingsoractivitiesnecessarytoeverydaylifeThecoreofthecommonwordsisthebasicwordstock.StylisticallyneutralLiterarywords書(shū)面詞:chieflyusedinwriting,especiallyinbookswritteninamoreelevatedstyle,inofficialdocuments,orinformalspeeches.MostareofFrench,LatinorGreekorigin.Amongtheliteraryword,twocategoriesarenoteworthy:archaicwords(c.f.obsoletewords)poeticalwordsSlang俚語(yǔ):Language,wordsorphrasesofavigorous,colorful,facetious,ortaboonature,inventedforspecificoccasions,orusesorderivedfromtheunconventionaluseofthestandardvocabularyNotgenerallyusedininformalconversationunlessthespeakersareonintimatetermsEmbracingthosedaringandnewexpressionthathavenotbeenacceptedasstandardEnglishThechiefreasonforuseofslang:securefreshnessandnoveltyTechnicalwords術(shù)語(yǔ):usedinvariousfields:science,professionortrade,art,sportincreasingprecisioninnomenclatureonespecificmeaningLatinorGreekinoriginBynotion:1.functionwords功能詞2.contentwords實(shí)義詞Functionwords:determiners,conjunctions,prepositions,auxiliariesnothavingmuchlexicalmeaningservinggrammatically:Behavinglikegrammaticalsignalsorfunctionalmarkers,Expressingt