商務(wù)英語閱讀下冊(cè)u(píng)nit-7-77課件

UnitSeven

UnitSeven1了解JIT的含義了解JIT的精髓所在理解JIT對(duì)現(xiàn)在企業(yè)的意義TeachingObjectives了解JIT的含義TeachingObjectives2JITLeanproductionLeadtimeRealtimecommunicationTeachingEmphases

JITTeachingEmphases3TextFastReadingIFastReadingIIContentTextContent4Pre-readingquestions1.DoyouknowwhatJITstandsfor?2.WheredidJIToriginatefrom?TEXTGeneralIntroductiontoLogistics

UPPREV.NEXTPre-readingquestionsTEXTGen5商務(wù)英語閱讀下冊(cè)u(píng)nit-7_77課件6商務(wù)英語閱讀下冊(cè)u(píng)nit-7_77課件7

TypicalattentionareasofJITinclude: *Inventoryreduction.

*Smallerproductionlotsandsizes.

*Qualitycontrol.

*Complexityreductionandtransparency.

*Wasteminimization. ThroughtheapplicationofInternetandSupplyChaininmodernbusiness,companieshaveextendedJust-in-timemanufacturingtooutsidethecompanies.Bydemandingfromthesupplierstodeliverinventorytothefactoryonlywhenit'sneeded,makingJITmanufacturing,orderinganddeliveryprocessesevenspeedier,moreflexibleandmoreefficient.Inthisway,integratedlogisticsandsupplychainsarebeingformed.Typicalattentionar8

TwobasicprinciplesofJITphilosophyaretheeliminationofwasteandimprovementofallcommercialactivitiesfromrawmaterialstofinishedproductdelivery.Forbothproductsandprocesses,JITfocusesonzeroinventory,nodefects,reducedleadtime,andshortdeliverytime.Theyalsofocusonsmallerlotsizes,employeedecisionmaking,supplierinvolvement,andcontinuoustraining.LogisticsmanagementplaysanequalandimportantroleinJITactivities. TheperformanceoflogisticsinJIToperationsiscriticalinanycontext,particularlyinanenvironmentwherebothproductionandsuppliersarespreadacrosstheglobe.ThispointissupportedbythefactthatthesuccessofmostJIToperationshasdependeduponclosegeographicdistancebetweensupplierandmanufacturer.Inotherwords,whensuppliersareclosebyoraround,lead-timeisshorterandtransportationeasiertomanage.Conversely,whenoperationsareacrosswidegeographies,managementofleadtimesandthesupportinglogisticsisachallengetoJIToperations. Twobasicprinciplesof9

Lead-timemanagementinaJIToperationisonlyoneaspectthroughthesupplychain.ForJITtobesuccessful,fundamentalchangesmustoccurinareasthatincludepurchasing,manufacturing,distributinganddelivering.Allmustbesupportedbyeffectivelogisticsperformance. OnegoodJIToperationissmallersize.Althoughabenefitmaybeachievedintheareaofinventory,agreaterexpensemaybeincurredinotherareas.Forexample,smallerlotsizesmeanmorefrequentpurchaseorders,whichwillcreateoverloadinthepurchasinggroup.JITprinciplessolvethisissueofworkloadbyhavinganagreedschedulewithvarioussuppliers.Needlesstosay,greatpotentialexistsforenhancingtheperformancewithlogisticstechniques. Lead-timemanagementina10

Inordertooperateaschedule-basedprogramwithsuppliers,logisticsmustbeinapositiontocoordinatedirectlywiththosesuppliers.InmostcasesthisisdonethroughaThirdPartyLogistics(3PL).Withthistypeofoperation,the3PLhastofollow-upschedules,coordinatewithanumberofsuppliers,andcommunicatewithallthepartiesinvolved.Clearly,coordinationofmultiplesuppliersinthiscontextisveryimportant,particularlyasitrelatestoreal-timecommunication,feedback,supplierperformance,shipmentprioritization,andordersmanagement. AnothergoalofJITistheeliminationofinspections.Thisisreasonabletoachieveinadomesticenvironment,butitisdifficultwithinternationaloperations.Issuesregardingproductquality,piececount,weight,anddocumentationmustbeaddressedbeforegoodsleavesuppliers’factories.Itusuallyassignslogisticsand3PLstoverifytheabovepointsbeforegoodsaredelivered.Althoughinspectionpriortoexportwillnoteliminateproductdefects,logisticswillcontributetominimizingthenumberofdefects.

11 Oncemerchandiseentersthelogisticschain,returningprocessisverydifficultandexpensivetohandle.JIToperationscannotaffordtohavecompromisedshipmentsattheportofdestination.Bythattime,payablesmayhavebeentriggered,dutiespaid,andbothmaterialsandcapacityarethereintheplace. Ifinboundshipmentsaresuccessfullychecked,whichincludescheckingproductsandprocess-relatedquality,theneedforfutureinspectioncanbereducedorshortened.However,forthisprocesstoworkeffectively,operationsmustbeagreeduponinadvancebetweenbuyer,supplier,and3PL. Successfulsupplychainmanagementrecognizesthetruenatureoffunctionalrelationships,identifieskeypointsofinterdependencyinthechain,andimplementsmechanismsthatwillmaximizetheprobabilityofsuccessfuloperations.LogisticscertainlymakesatangiblecontributiontoJITapplication. Oncemerchandiseenters12 Just-In-timephilosophyoriginatesfromJapanesemanufacturingorganizationsandhasextendedintothewholeprocessofproductionfromrawmaterialsselection,procurement,manufacturing,tillfinishedproductdelivery.ItalsoinvolvesallthepartiesinthewholeprocesstocontributetoJITapplication.

商務(wù)英語閱讀下冊(cè)u(píng)nit-7_77課件13

JustinTime

即時(shí)生產(chǎn)（JIT）最先由日本豐田汽車公司的TaiichiOhno于上個(gè)世紀(jì)70年代初期提出,它是一種生產(chǎn)管理哲學(xué)。JIT要求物料供應(yīng)部門只有在裝配流程需要時(shí)才向組裝廠提供零配件，從而減少浪費(fèi)。JIT理論的核心是看板管理（Kanban），Kanban是日語“卡片”的意思。當(dāng)生產(chǎn)/裝配線上的原材料、零部件耗盡時(shí)，就會(huì)將Kanban送到倉(cāng)庫(kù)，要求倉(cāng)儲(chǔ)部門按照Kanban標(biāo)明的定量提供原料、配件。JIT對(duì)精度的要求很高，即正確的部件必須即時(shí)地抵達(dá)準(zhǔn)確的地點(diǎn)（裝配線）。它主要應(yīng)用于大規(guī)模重復(fù)生產(chǎn)流程。

LanguagepointsUPPREV.NEXTLanguagepointsUPPREV.14

即時(shí)生產(chǎn)的理論架構(gòu)認(rèn)為，庫(kù)存是規(guī)劃不當(dāng)、生產(chǎn)僵硬、設(shè)備錯(cuò)誤以及質(zhì)量問題的一個(gè)可憐借口，

JIT的目標(biāo)就是要在盡可能減少庫(kù)存的同時(shí)，提高顧客需求反應(yīng)速度。

庫(kù)存雖然有助于快速應(yīng)對(duì)不斷變化的顧客需求，但是不可避免地將增加成本以及對(duì)營(yíng)運(yùn)資金的需求?，F(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的要求,已經(jīng)使JIT擴(kuò)展到從原材料的采購(gòu)到生產(chǎn)再到消費(fèi)者手里的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)和過程中,因此對(duì)各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)直接的及時(shí)溝通和緊密配合就顯得尤為重要和關(guān)鍵。UPPREV.NEXT即時(shí)生產(chǎn)的理論架構(gòu)認(rèn)為，庫(kù)存是規(guī)劃不當(dāng)、生產(chǎn)僵硬15leadtime

原指完成一項(xiàng)活動(dòng)所需要的時(shí)間。這種活動(dòng)通常指物料和產(chǎn)品的獲得,包括訂單準(zhǔn)備時(shí)間、排隊(duì)時(shí)間、加工時(shí)間、搬運(yùn)時(shí)間或運(yùn)輸時(shí)間、接收和檢測(cè)時(shí)間。我們可以理解為生產(chǎn)周期，即訂貨到交貨的時(shí)間。LanguagepointsUPPREV.NEXTleadtimeLanguagepointsUPPR16deliverytime交貨時(shí)間,在船運(yùn)的階段,指的是貨物上船離開交貨港口的準(zhǔn)確日期，即船期。

LanguagepointsUPPREV.NEXTdeliverytimeLanguagepointsU17lotsize

在物料計(jì)劃中，通過它來決定怎樣計(jì)算將要購(gòu)買或產(chǎn)生的物料的數(shù)量。生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃中一方面是數(shù)量上的計(jì)劃lotsize,另一方面就是時(shí)間的安排schedule。

LanguagepointsPREV.NEXTUPlotsizeLanguagepointsPREV.N18

real-timecommunication

實(shí)時(shí)通訊，為了確保信息不在傳遞的過程中延誤而采取的通訊方法，現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)通過IT技術(shù)來保證實(shí)時(shí)通訊的完成。LanguagepointsUPPREV.NEXTreal-timecommunicationLang19leanproduction

1990年，JamesWomack出版了《改變世界的機(jī)器》（TheMachinethatChangedtheWorld）一書，率先提出了“精益制造”（LeanManufacturing）的概念，有時(shí)也稱作為“精益生產(chǎn)”（LeanProduction）。

精益生產(chǎn)，以豐田汽車公司為代表的新的資本主義生產(chǎn)方式。其主要特征是對(duì)市場(chǎng)變化的快速反應(yīng)能力、同一條流水線可以生產(chǎn)不同的產(chǎn)品、適時(shí)供應(yīng)、多技能和具有團(tuán)隊(duì)精神的勞動(dòng)力、對(duì)生產(chǎn)過程不斷改進(jìn)的動(dòng)力與能力。LanguagepointsUPPREV.NEXTleanproductionLanguagepoint20eliminate----vt.

排除,消除

e.g.theeffortstoeliminatetheracialdiscrimination

消除種族歧視的努力LanguagepointsUPPREV.NEXTeliminateLanguagepointsUPPREV21afford-----v.

提供,給予

e.g.Ican'taffordanhourforlunch.

我抽不出一小時(shí)吃午飯compromise----n.v.妥協(xié),折衷

e.g.acompromiseofmorality.

道德的淪喪LanguagepointsUPPREV.NEXTaffordLanguagepointsUPPREV.NE22turnover-----n.

流通量,營(yíng)業(yè)額,周轉(zhuǎn)LanguagepointsUPPREV.NEXTturnoverLanguagepointsUPPREV.23approach-----n.v.

接近,方法

e.g.Theperformanceapproachesperfection.

性能近乎完美LanguagepointsUPPREV.NEXTapproachLanguagepointsUPPREV.24assign-----vt.

分配,指派

e.g.Thehardestworkwasassignedtothestrongestlaborers.

最繁重的工作分配給最強(qiáng)壯的勞工。LanguagepointsUPPREV.NEXTassignLanguagepointsUPPREV.NE25accomplish-----v.

完成,達(dá)到,實(shí)現(xiàn)

e.g.toaccomplishapurpose

達(dá)到目的LanguagepointsUPPREV.NEXTaccomplishLanguagepointsUPPRE26originate-----vt.

引起,發(fā)起,創(chuàng)辦

vi.

起源,發(fā)生

e.g.originatethepracticeofmonthlyreports.

開創(chuàng)了每月報(bào)告的慣例

Alltheoriesoriginatefrompracticeandinturnservepractice.

任何理論都來源于實(shí)踐,反過來又為實(shí)踐服務(wù)。LanguagepointsUPPREV.NEXToriginateLanguagepointsUPPREV27verify-----v.校驗(yàn),核實(shí)

e.g.conductedexperimentstoverifythehypothesis

實(shí)驗(yàn)以證實(shí)這個(gè)假設(shè)LanguagepointsUPPREV.NEXTverifyLanguagepointsUPPREV.NE281.WhichindustrydidJIToriginatefromatfirst？

Just-In-Time(JIT)isaJapanesemanagementphilosophywhichhasbeenfirstlyappliedinJapanesemanufacturingorganizations.ItwasdevelopedinToyotamanufacturingplantsbyTaiichiOhnoasameansofmeetingconsumerdemandswithminimumdelays.

I.Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetext.Reference1.WhichindustrydidJITorig29I.Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetext.2.WhatisthesignificanceofJITapplication?

Just-in-time(JIT)isdefinedasaphilosophyofmanufacturingbasedonplannedeliminationofallwasteandoncontinuousimprovementofproductivity.

Italsohasbeendescribedasanapproachwiththeobjectiveofproducingtherightpartintherightplaceattherighttime,inotherwords,“justintime”.

ReferenceI.Answerthefollowingquesti30I.Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetext.3.WhatareasdoesJITcoverinthewholeprocessofproduction?TypicalattentionareasofJITinclude:Inventoryreduction.Smallerproductionlotsandsizes.Qualitycontrol.Complexityreductionandtransparency.Wasteminimization.ReferenceI.Answerthefollowingquesti31I.Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetext.4.WhatarethetwobasicprinciplesofJITphilosophy?TwobasicprinciplesofJITphilosophyaretheeliminationofwasteandimprovementofallcommercialactivitiesfromrawmaterialstofinishedproductdelivery..ReferenceI.Answerthefollowingquesti32I.Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetext.5.WhatdoesJITmeaninlogisticsandsupplychainmanagement? Bydemandingfromthesupplierstodeliverinventorytothefactoryonlywhenit'sneeded,makingJITmanufacturing,orderinganddeliveryprocessesevenspeedier,moreflexibleandmoreefficient.Inthisway,integratedlogisticsandsupplychainsarebeingformed.ReferenceI.Answerthefollowingquesti336.WhocancontributetotheJITapplication?

ThroughtheapplicationofInternetandSupplyChaininmodernbusiness,companieshaveextendedJust-in-timemanufacturingtooutsidethecompanies.

I.Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetext.Reference6.WhocancontributetotheJ34

1.JIT2.productivity3.transparency4.lead-time5.Interdependency

6.plexity8.leanproduction9.faultyproduction10.workload

a.theamountofworkassignedtoorexpectedfromaworkerinaspecifiedtimeperiod

ductsfoundtobedefective

c.

containinglittleexcessorwaste

d.

difficulttounderstandorexplaine.

renamedasstocklessproduction

f.

aJapanesephilosophyofmanufacturingbasedonplannedeliminationofallwasteandoncontinuousimprovementofproductivity

g.amountofoutputcreatedintermsofgoodsproducedorservicesh.consideredtobeagoodcharacterasitshieldspeoplefromcomplexity

i..

theperiodbetweenacustomer'sorderanddeliveryofthefinalproduct

j.dependingheavilyoneachotherII.Readthefollowingtermsandmatcheachwithitsproperdefinition.

II.Readthefollowingterms351.f2.g3.h4.i5.j

6.c7.d8.e9.b10.a1.f2.g3.h4.i36

Just-in-time(JIT)isdefinedasaphilosophyofmanufacturingbasedonplannedeliminationofallwasteandoncontinuousimprovementofproductivity.

Italsohasbeendescribedasanapproachwiththeobjectiveofproducingtherightpartintherightplaceattherighttime,inotherwords,“justintime”.

Wasteresultsfromanyactivitythataddscostwithoutaddingvalue,suchastheunnecessarymovingofmaterials,theexcessinventory,ortheuseoffaultyproductionthatsrequiresrework.

JIT(alsoknownasleanproductionorstocklessproduction)shouldimproveprofitsandreturnoninvestmentbyreducinginventorylevels,increasetheinventoryturnoverrate,improveproductquality,reduceproductionleadtimeanddeliverytime.

III.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseJust-in-time(JIT)isdef37

即時(shí)生產(chǎn)是一種基于減少?gòu)U品，持續(xù)提高生產(chǎn)效率的管理哲學(xué)。通常描述為,在要求的時(shí)間內(nèi),在合適的地點(diǎn),生產(chǎn)出合格的產(chǎn)品的一種方法。不合格的產(chǎn)品可能來自于任何增加了成本而未創(chuàng)造價(jià)值的環(huán)節(jié)中，例如不必要的物料移動(dòng)，過多的庫(kù)存，以及由于使用了不合格的產(chǎn)品而造成的再加工等。即時(shí)生產(chǎn)也被稱為精益生產(chǎn)或無庫(kù)存生產(chǎn)，通過降低庫(kù)存水平，提高庫(kù)存周轉(zhuǎn)率，提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，減少生產(chǎn)時(shí)間和交貨時(shí)間等方式來提高利潤(rùn)和投資回報(bào)率。

Reference即時(shí)生產(chǎn)是一種基于減少?gòu)U品，持續(xù)提高生產(chǎn)效率的管理哲學(xué)。381.即時(shí)生產(chǎn)是一種基于減少?gòu)U品，持續(xù)提高生產(chǎn)效率的管理哲學(xué)。

Just-in-time(JIT)isdefinedasaphilosophyofmanufacturingbasedonplannedeliminationofallwasteandoncontinuousimprovementofproductivity.IV.PleaseputthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.Reference1.即時(shí)生產(chǎn)是一種基于減少?gòu)U品，持續(xù)提高生產(chǎn)效率的管理哲學(xué)392.即時(shí)生產(chǎn)最初應(yīng)用于日本的生產(chǎn)制造企業(yè)。

JITwasfirstlyappliedinJapanesemanufacturingorganizations.IV.PleaseputthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.Reference2.即時(shí)生產(chǎn)最初應(yīng)用于日本的生產(chǎn)制造企業(yè)。IV.Pleas403.

即時(shí)生產(chǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)零庫(kù)存,零缺陷,降低生產(chǎn)周期,縮短交貨時(shí)間。JITfocusesonzeroinventory,nodefects,reducedleadtime,andshortdeliverytime.IV.PleaseputthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.Reference3.即時(shí)生產(chǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)零庫(kù)存,零缺陷,降低生產(chǎn)周期,縮短交貨414.即時(shí)生產(chǎn)的另一個(gè)重要目的是排除檢驗(yàn)。

AnothergoalofJITistheeliminationofinspections.IV.PleaseputthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.Reference4.即時(shí)生產(chǎn)的另一個(gè)重要目的是排除檢驗(yàn)。IV.Please425.即時(shí)生產(chǎn)的理念已延伸至整個(gè)生產(chǎn)過程。

Just-In-timephilosophyhasextendedintothewholeprocessofproduction.IV.PleaseputthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.Reference5.即時(shí)生產(chǎn)的理念已延伸至整個(gè)生產(chǎn)過程。IV.Pleas43FocusonPublicTransportation

FastReadingI

UPPREV.NEXTFastReadingIUPPREV.NEXT44 Thegovernmentisgearinguptoplayabiggerroleindevelopingpublictransportation,accordingtoadocumentjointlyreleasedbyfourministriesonSaturday. Thedocument,releasedbytheNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionandtheministriesofconstruction,financeandlabourandsocialsecurity,describesthedevelopmentofpublictransportationasapriorityandcallsforfavourablepoliciestopromoteitsexpansion. QiuBaoxing,vice-ministerofconstruction,saidattheNationalConferenceofPublicTransportDevelopmentonSaturdaythatpublictransportationisthesurestwaytoeasetrafficcongestion,whichhasplaguedChina'smajorcitiesinrecentyears. Thedocumentsaysthegovernmentshouldbethemaininvestorinconstructionprojectsinthepublictransportationsector.Itcallsonthegovernmenttosetupinvestment,subsidyandcompensationsystemstopromoteitsdevelopment Thegovernmentisgearing45

Thecentralgovernmentisalsolookingtosubsidizepublictransportenterprisestooffsettheburdenoffutureincreasesinpetroleumprices. Thegovernmentwillalsodoanannualauditandappraisalofpublictransportenterprises'operationsandimplementaperformance-basedsubsidysystemtorewardthoseenterprisesthatdowellintheappraisals. QiusaidtheaveragespeedofvehiclesonBeijing'smainroadshadfallenbyhalfinthepastdecade,andthat60percentofthecity'smainintersectionssufferfromserioustrafficcongestion. "TherapidincreaseinthenumberofautomobilesontheroadshasplacedgreatpressureonBeijing'strafficconditions,resourcesandenvironment,"saidJiLin,vice-mayorofBeijing. "Treatingthedevelopmentofpublictransportationasapriorityisoneofthecity'slong-termstrategies.” JisaidthenumberofvehiclesplyingBeijing'sstreetshashit2.82millionandisstillincreasingattherapidrateof1,000newcarsperday. Thecentralgovernmenti46

"Itisunrealistictoattempttoresolvethecity'strafficjamssimplybywideningroadsbecauseanyefforttowidentheroadswouldlagbehindtheincreaseinautomobiles,"saidWangFengwu,anofficialwiththeMinistryofConstruction. Wangsaidtheministrywantedpublictransportationtoaccountforathirdofthetransportationavailableinthecountry'smaincitieswithinthenextfiveyears.Atpresent,publictransportationaccountsforonlyabout10percent.Wangsaidtheministrywasconsideringchangingthetrafficsignalsysteminsomecitiestofavourpublictransportation.Forexample,busescouldgetlongergreenlightsatintersections. "Itisunrealistictoa47 AccordingtostatisticsfromtheWorldBank,theaveragespeedofvehiclesonthemainroadsbetweenBeijing'ssecondandthirdringroadsduringrushhoursfellto10kilometre-per-hour(kph)lastyearfrom45kphin1994.Thatisslowerthanbicycles.Theeconomiclossescausedbytrafficcongestionreached250billionYuan(US$31.25billion),accountingfor2percentoftheyear’sGDP

Accordingtostatisticsfro481.()Accordingtoajoint-release,thepublicisrecognizedtoplayanimportantroleintransportation.2.()Chinesegovernmentshouldbethemaininvestorinconstructionprojects.3.()TheaveragespeedofvehiclesonBeijing’smainroadshadfalleninthepastdecade,and60percentofthepastintermsofspeed.4.()Treatingthedevelopmentofpublictransportationasapriorityisoneofthecity'slong-termstrategies.5.()Thenationaleconomyisgearedupbymoreautomobilesontheroadaccordingtothearticle.I.DeterminewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalseaccordingtothetext.Write“T”fortrueand“F”forfalseinthebrackets.1.()Accordingtoajoint-r491.F2.T3.F4.T5.F1.F2.T3.F4.T5.F501.Accordingtothe4ministries,______isafavorablepolicytopromotenationalexpansion.A.manufacturingofvehicleB.publicroadconstructionC.rapidincreaseinthenumberofautomobilesD.developmentofpublictransportationII.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthesentences.1.Accordingtothe4ministri512.______causestheeconomiclossesofChinanowadaysalongthedevelopment.

A.DisorderedinvestmentB.Thepoliciesfromthe4nationalministriesC.TrafficcongestionD.PublicroadsconstructionII.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthesentences.2.______causestheeconomic523.Thegovernmentpromotesitstrafficdevelopmentthrough_____________.

A.nationalinvestmentB.governmentsubsidyC.settinguptrafficpriorityD.investment,subsidyandcompensationsystemsII.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthesentences.3.Thegovernmentpromotesits534.______isplaguingChina'smajorcitiesinrecentyearsfromthearticle.

A.Publictransportation B.ToomanyautomobilesonroadC.GovernmentsubsidyandcompensationontrafficD.Trafficcongestion

II.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthesentences.4.______isplaguingChina's545.Thecentralgovernmentsubsidizedpublictransportenterprises________.A.toeasethepublictrafficburdenB.towidenthepublicroadsC.asalongtermstrategyD.tooffsettheburdenoffutureincreasesinpetroleumprices

II.Choosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthesentences.5.Thecentralgovernmentsubs55PremiumFreightMakesJITFitFastReadingIIUPPREV.NEXTPremiumFreightMakesJITFitF56Just-in-time(JIT)manufacturingisatremendousadvantage–wheneverythingworksperfectly.Butwhathappenswhenthesupplychainfallsoutofsync--whenanoverseassupplierhasequipmentproblems,environmentalfactorsdelaydeliveries,ordefectivepartsarediscoveredontheassemblyline?HowdosuppliersavoidchaosandkeepJITproductionrolling?UPPREV.NEXTJust-in-time(JIT)man57Onesolutionispremiumfreight--last-minuterushshipmentstobringinmaterialsorcomponents.Manufacturersgenerallyviewpremiumfreightasacostly,butunavoidable,nuisance.Buttheyseetheseshipmentsonlyasalargenumberofone-timeevents.Becauseit'sagiventhatpremiumfreightwillalwaysbepartofthemanufacturingprocess,especiallywiththeproliferationofJITplants,companiesshouldusetheservicestrategically.UPPREV.NEXTOnesolutionispremiu58Companiesshouldemployadvancedplanningthatmakespremiumfreightanintegralpartoftheproductionprocess.Thisensuresmaintenanceofthecustomer'sscheduleandbudget,andreducesthecostofexpeditedshipments.Theentireprocessoforderingpremiumfreighthasbeenrevolutionized,however,bytheemergenceofthird-partylogisticscompanies(3PLs).Thesecompaniesareunbiasedintheirchoiceofcarriers,usingperformancedatatomaketheirselections.UPPREV.NEXTCompaniesshouldemploy59One3PL,forexample,utilizesacontractedgroupofpre-qualifiedcarriers,eachwithanumericalperformanceratingtoensurequalityservice.Withthistypeoflogisticsmanagement,multipletransportationmodesarereadyandwaiting.Ratesarepre-negotiated,andcarriersrespondwithinveryshorttimewindows.Thebigadvantageofthird-partylogisticsprovidersisthattheyusethewebtonotifyabaseofcarriersquickly,receiveimmediatebids,andrapidlyassignshipments.ThisgivescarrierstheabilitytolinkelectronicallyintotheJITprocess.UPPREV.NEXTOne3PL,forexample,ut60Supplierscallthe3PLwhentheyneedanexpeditedshipmentandprovideparameterssuchasthenumberofpieces,weight,destination,anddeadline.Carriersbidonlinewithin15minutes,andthebestcarrierisselectedforaspecificjob.The3PLtakescareofalltheback-endbillingissues.Theimportanceofpremiumfreightwillgrowassupplierstakeonmoreresponsibilityforassembly.Suppliersareneweronthelogisticslearningcurvethanassemblyplantsandtypicallyarenotasefficient.Moreover,handlingtransportation--withitsstrictregulations,customsrules,newplayers,andnewmodes--canbecomplex.UPPREV.NEXTSupplierscallthe3PLw61New-productlaunchesalsodrivetheuseofpremiumfreight.Manufacturersquicklyworkoutthelogisticskinksinmatureproducts,butnewproductsdevelopproblemsthatoftenarenotfixedasfast.Yettheplantsneedtocontinuerunningwithoutanysafetystock.Pre-plannedpremiumfreightactuallyreducescosts.Visibilityofdeliverytimes,reportingtechniques,andbetternegotiatedratesallmeantheplantdoesnothavetomaintainasmuchinventoryandavoidsthepenaltiesassociatedwithslowingthelineordisruptingthesupplychain.UPPREV.NEXTNew-productlaunchesals62Globalcompaniesfindmanylocationsposebarrierstotransportation,sotheyneedagoodplaninplacewithapre-constructedcarriernetwork.Byplanningaheadandworkingwithahigh-tech,dedicatedlogisticspartner,companiescanrelievepressureonthesupplychain,increaseflexibility,cutcosts,andmakeJITabetterfit.UPPREV.NEXTGlobalcompaniesfindman63I.Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetext.1.UnderwhatconditionisJITmanufacturingatremendousadvantage?

Just-in-time(JIT)manufacturingisatremendousadvantagewheneverythingworksperfectlysync.

ReferenceI.Answerthefollowingquesti64I.Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetext.2.WhatdoesPremiumFreightmean?

Premiumfreightmeansthelast-minuterushshipmentstobringinmaterialsorcomponents.

ReferenceI.Answerthefollowingquesti65I.Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetext.3.What’smanufacturers’viewonpremiumfreight?

Manufacturersgenerallyviewpremiumfreightasacostly,butunavoidable,nuisanceandonlyasalargenumberofone-timeevents.

ReferenceI.Answerthefollowingquesti66I.Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetext.4.Whatmakestheentireprocessoforderingpremiumfreightrevolutionized?

Theentireprocessoforderingpremiumfreighthasbeenrevolutionizedbytheemergenceofthird-partylogisticscompanies(3PLs).ReferenceI.Answerthefollowingquesti67I.Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetext.5.What’sthebigadvantageof3PLnowadays?

Thebigadvantageofthird-partylogisticsprovidersisthattheyusethewebtonotifyabaseofcarriersquickly,receiveimmediatebids,andrapidlyassignshipments.ReferenceI.Answerthefollowingquesti681.()It'sagiventhatpremiumfreightwillnotalwaysbepartofthemanufacturingprocess,especiallywiththeproliferationofJITplants.2.()Premiumfreightensuresmaintenanceofthecustomer'sscheduleandbudget,andreducesthecostofexpeditedshipments.3.()Carriersbidonlinewithin15minutes,andthebestcarrierisselectedforaspecificjobandtakescareofalltheback-endbillingissues.4.()Manufacturersquicklyworkoutthelogisticskinksinallproductsnomattermatureornew.5.()Globalcompaniesoftenfindmanylocationsposebarrierstotransportation,sotheyneedagoodplaninplacewithapre-constructedcarriernetwork.II.DeterminewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalseaccordingtothetext.Write“T”fortrueand“F”forfalseinthebrackets.

1.()It'sagiventhat691.F2.T3.F4.F5.THOME1.F2.T3.F4.F5.THOME70

UnitSeven

UnitSeven71了解JIT的含義了解JIT的精髓所在理解JIT對(duì)現(xiàn)在企業(yè)的意義TeachingObjectives了解JIT的含義TeachingObjectives72JITLeanproductionLeadtimeRealtimecommunicationTeachingEmphases

JITTeachingEmphases73TextFastReadingIFastReadingIIContentTextContent74Pre-readingquestions1.DoyouknowwhatJITstandsfor?2.WheredidJIToriginatefrom?TEXTGeneralIntroductiontoLogistics

UPPREV.NEXTPre-readingquestionsTEXTGen75商務(wù)英語閱讀下冊(cè)u(píng)nit-7_77課件76商務(wù)英語閱讀下冊(cè)u(píng)nit-7_77課件77

TypicalattentionareasofJITinclude: *Inventoryreduction.

*Smallerproductionlotsandsizes.

*Qualitycontrol.

*Complexityreductionandtransparency.

*Wasteminimization. ThroughtheapplicationofInternetandSupplyChaininmodernbusiness,companieshaveextendedJust-in-ti