衛(wèi)生類職稱英語-zh網基礎學習2015年講義wsenglish

找出段落句和按照段首句、第二句、段尾句、段中句、整個段落的順序，正確答案常常是句的改寫。maydependonthetypeofcancer,theextentofthediseaseandthepatient’stoleranceforpain.…『正確答案』Doescanceralwayscause2：原文：Thebrainisanextremelycomplexorganthatcontrolsvariousbodyfunction.Ifastrokeoccursandbloodflowcannotreachtheregionthatcontrolsaparticularbodyfunction,thatpartofthebodywon’tworkasitshould.Ifstrokeoccurstowardthebackofthebrain,forinstance,it’slikelythatsomedisabilityinvolvingvisionwillresult.ofbraintissueaffected.『正確答案』Effectsofa3：：Astrokemayhappentoanyoneatanymoment.Infact,about600,000peoplehavestrokeseveryyear.Formanyyears,therewasnohopeforthosesufferingaHowever,recentbreakthroughshaveledtonewtreatments.Forthetreatmentstowork,themustgettoahospitalimmediay.Breakthroughin4：原文：Learningasecondlanguageextendsone’svisionandexpandsthemind.ThehistoryandliteratureofasecondlanguagerecordtherealandfictionallivesofpeopleandtheircultureaknowledgeofthemaddstoourabilitytounderstandandtofeelastheyfeelLearningEnglishasasecondlanguageprovidesanothermeansofcommunicationthroughwhichthewindowtheentireEnglishspeechcommunityesapartofour『正確答案』Benefitsoflearningasecond5：原文：Peopleshouldlearnasmuchaspossibleabouttheclinicaltrialsthatinterestthem.Theyshouldalsofeelcomfortablediscussingtheirquestionsandconcernswithmembersofthehealthcareteam.Prospectiveparticipantsshouldunderstandwhathappensduringthetrial,thetypeofhealthcaretheywillreceiveandanycoststothem.Anyoneconsideringaclinicaltrialshouldalsoknowthattherearebenefitsandrisksassociatedwithparticipating.『正確答案』Whatshouldpeopleknowbeforeparticipatinginaclinical★句的特以“…isiscalledisconsideredtobe1：原文：Cancerisagroupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatbeginincells,thebodysbasicbuildingblocks.Thebodyismadeupofmanytypesofcells.…theextracellsformamassoftissuecalledagrowthortumor.Whatis2：原文：Aspeechcommunityissimilartootherkindsofcommunities.Thepeoplewhomakeupthecommunityshareacommonlanguage.Oftentheylivesidebyside,astheynaneighborhood,avillage,oracity.Moreoften,theyformawholecountry.Nationalboundaries,however,arenotalwaysthesameastheboundariesofaspeechcommunityAspeechcommunityisanygroupofpeoplewhospeakthesamelanguagenomatterwheretheyhappentolive.『正確答案』DefinitionofaSpeechcause,affect/influence,important/importancegoal/aim/target,purpose,differentfrom/difference,compare1：：ScientistshavelearnedthatcanceriscausedbychangesingenesthatnormallycontrolthegrowthanddeathofcellsCertainlifestyleandenvironmentalfactorsfromthesunorexposuretocarcinogensintheworkplaceorintheenvironment.Somegenealterationsareinherited.『正確答案』Whatcauses2：Thecauseofautismisstillunknown.Someresearchsuggestsaproblemaffectingthosepartsofthebrainthatprocesslanguageandinformationcomingfactorsmaysometimesbeinvolved.Autismmayindeedresultfromacombinationofseveral『正確答案』Whatcauses1：原文：Somesarenaturallyintrovertedorshy,whichcanresultinisolation.IfyouwanttolivealonglifeavoidisolationMaintaininghealthy,relationshipshaslastingbenefits.Establishingstrongrelationshipscouldlowerbloodpressure,promoterelaxation,easepainandmayevenstrengthentheimmunesystem.『正確答案』Avoid2：原文：Ifyouthinkthatyouareold,youfeelold.Trytobecheerfulandavoiddeveloanegativeattitudetowardslife.Sometimes,thisinvolveschangingourassociationsurroundingyourselfwithcomplainerswillstarttoinfluenceyourattitudetolife.Weallexperiencehardships.Ratherthanfocusingontheunpleasant,reflectonthepositivethingsaboutlife.『正確答案』Adoptapositiveattitudeto表示舉例的詞：firstly,secondly,…Finally（eventually）forexample,forinstance,suchas等，則其所在句子的前一句為該段落的句。1：原文：Agoodruleofthumbistotakeyourbodyweightinpoundsanddividethatnumberinhalf.Thatgivesyouthenumberofouncesofwaterperdaythatyouneed.Forexample,ifyouweigh160pounds,youshoulddrinkatleast80ouncesofwaterperday.Ifyouexercise,youshoulddrinkanother8-ounceglassofwaterforevery20minutesyouareactive.Whenyouaretravellingonanairplane,it’sgoodtohavewaterforeveryhouryouareonboardtheplane.『正確答案』Ouncesofwaterneededper2：原文：Peoplewhoworkinahospitaldomanythings.Someworkintheemergencyroom,wheretheycandealwithsomeurgentcasesSomeworkintheX-rayroom,wheretheytakepicturesofpartsofthebody.Someworkinthesurgeryroomwheretheycanperformoperationsonthepatients.Othersworkinthekitchen.Theypreparealldifferentkindsofmeals.Peoplewithspecialtraininggivebloodtests.Doctorsandnursesformthelargestgroupofhospitalworkers.carecanhelphurtorsickpeopleebetter.『正確答案』Divisionofjobsininfact,allinall轉折：however,but,ontheotherhand,nevertheless,although,though,even因果：therefore,thus,accordingly,because,so,consequently,hence,asa1：：Itisoftenthoughtthatsciencefictionisafairlynewdevelopmentliterature,butitsancestorscanbefoundinbookswrittenhundredsofyearsago.Thesebookswereoftenconcernedwiththepresentationofsomeformofidealsociety,athemewhichisstilloftenfoundinmodernstories.老師手寫內容：forefatherIts例2：原文：Officialsbelievethata’sattaenttoacountrycanbetestedbyhisorherknowledgeofthecountry.However,somecriticssaythatthechangescandolittletohelppeopleassimilatethemselves.“Immigrationisaculturewartodayisgivinganewtesttherightwaytolessentheaccusationsinthatfight?”saysAliNoorani,oftheMassachusettsImmigrantandRefugeeAdvocacyCoalition（難民辯護）.『正確答案』Differentviewsonthenewcitizenship3：原文：Itisimportanttotestdrugsandmedicalproductsinthepeoplethataremeanttohelp.Itisalsoimportanttoconductresearchinavarietyofpeoplebecausedifferentpeoplemayresponddifferentlytotreatments.Somepeopleparticipateinclinicaltrialsbecausetheyhaveexhaustedstandardtreatmentoptions.Otherpeopleparticipateintrialsbecausetheywanttocontributetotheadvancementofmedicalknowledge.『正確答案』Whoshouldconsidertheclinicaltrialsand★非句利用“選項與段落相符”的原則1：Althoughmenarelivinglongertherearestillmoreoldwomenthanoldmen.Thisfactaloneshouldarouseinterestastowhy.Relativelylittleisactuallyknowntheoldmenexperienceanxiety,financialproblems,loneliness,etc,butthat’sreallyaboutallweknow.『正確答案』LimitedKnowledgeoftheOldMan’sItisusuallybelievedthattheoldmanoftencomplainsabouttheirhealth.Infact,mostoldmanthinktheirhealthisgoodeventhoughmostarediagnosedwithatleastonechronicillness.Thephysicalhealthoftheoldmanisstronglyaffectedbytheirhealthbehaviorwhentheywereyounger.DefinitionoftheOldChangingConceptoftheOldHealthoftheOldHappyOldManandSadOldLimitedKnowledgeoftheOldMan’sContemptoftheOld『正確答案』HealthoftheOld2：原文：Manyolderpeopleandtheirfamiliesdon’trecognizethesymptomsofdepression,aren’tawarethatitisamedicalillness,anddon’tknowhowitistreated.Othersmaymistakethesymptomsofdepressionassighsofdementia（癡呆）.Also,manyolderpeoplethinkthatdepressionisacharacterflaw（缺陷）andareworriedaboutbeingstigmatized（羞恥）Sotheyblamethemselvesfortheirillnessandaretooashamedtogethelp.Othersworrythattreatmentwouldbetoocostly.『正確答案』Whydoesdepressioninolderpeopleoftengo swithdepressionrarelyseektreatmentfortheillness.Unrecognizedanduntreateddepressionhasfatalconsequencesintermsofbothsuicideandnon-suicidemortality.ThehighestrateofsuicideintheUSisamongolderwhitemen.Depressionisthesinglemostsignificantriskfactorforsuicideinthatpopulation.Tragically,manyofthosepeoplewhogoontocommitsuicidehavereachedoutforhelp---20%seeadoctorthedaytheydie,40%theweektheydieand70%inthemonththeydie.Yetdepressionisfrequentlymissed.HowcommonisdepressioninlaterWhatisWhatrelievesdepressioninolderWhydoesdepressioninolderpeopleoftengoCandepressioninolderpeoplebeWhataretheconsequencesofuntreateddepressioninolder『正確答案』Whataretheconsequencesofuntreateddepressioninolder找出段落中詞或句子1：原文：Havingcancerdoesnotalwaysmeanhavingpain.Whetherapatienthaspainmaydependonthetypeofcancer,theextentofthediseaseandthepatient’stoleranceforpain.Mostpainoccurswhenthecancergrowsandpressesagainstbones,organs,ornerves.Painmayalsobeasideeffectoftreatment.However,paincangenerallyberelievedorreducedwithprescriptionmedicinesorover-the-counterdrugsmendedbythe『正確答案』Doescanceralwayscause2：原文：TheUKisnotfamousforitsfood.ButyoustillneedtoknowsomeofthetraditionalEnglishfoodsThemostfamousmustbefishandchips.Thefishandchipsaredeeptriedinflour.Englishbreakfastissomethingyouneedtotry.Itisfriedbacon,sausages,friedeggs,blackpudding,friedtomatoes,friedbreadandbakedbeans,withtoastasapartofEnglishfoodculture.1：『正確答案』Howiscancer原文：2Scientistshavelearnedthatcanceriscausedbychangesingenesthatnormallycontrolthegrowthanddeathofcells….Cancertreatmentcanincludesurgery,radiationtherapy,thermotherapy,hormonetherapyandbiologicaltherapy.…Havingcancerdoesnotalwaysmeanhavingpain.Whetherapatienthaspainmaydependonthetypeofthecancer,theextentofthediseaseandthepatient’stoleranceforpain.…2：『正確答案』Reduce原文：Somesarenaturallyintrovertedorshy,whichcanresultinisolation.IfyouwanttolivealonglifeavoidisolationMaintaininghealthy,relationshipshaslastingbenefits.Establishingstrongrelationshipscouldlowerbloodpressure,promoterelaxation,easepainandmayevenstrengthentheimmunesystem.Toomuchstresscanquicklyagepeople.Compleyriddingourlivesofstressisimpossible.Ontheotherhand,wecanadoptsimpletechniquesforbettercowithlife’sproblems,includingreducingchaos,settingrealisticgoalsandrelaxing.Ifyouthinkthatyouareold,youfeelold.Trytobecheerfulandavoiddeveloanegativeattitudetowardslife.Sometimes,thisinvolveschangingourassociation,surroundingyourselfwithcomplainerswillstarttoinfluenceyourattitudetolife.Weallexperiencehardships.Ratherthanfocusingontheunpleasant,reflectonthepositivethingsaboutlife.例1：原文：Infact,itmightbebettertocallBritaina“servant” areatleast4millionpeople“inservice”.Themajorityofthepopulationareemployedbytherichtocook,cleanandtakecareoftheirchildren.Manygraduatesareevenngmenialjobsforwhichtheydonotneedadegree.Mostemploymentgrowthhasbeen,andwillcontinuetobe,atthelow-skillendoftheservicesector----inshops,bars,hos,domesticserviceandinnursingandcarehomes.Growing（增長）？）2：原文：Thecauseofautismisstillunknown.Someresearchsuggestsaphysicalproblemaffectingthosepartsofthebrainthatprocesslanguageandinformationcomingfactorsmaysometimesbeinvolved.AutismmayindeedresultfromacombinationofseveralWhatcauses關注段落中的研究發(fā)現、試驗結果及機構/表述的觀點show,think,suggest,report,find,discoverthattheriskofstroke.Themoreriskfactors has,thegreaterthechancethatheshewillhaveastroke.Someoftheseyoucan’tcontrol,suchasincreasingage,familyhealthhistory,raceandpriorstroke.Butyoucanchangeortreatotherriskfactorstoloweryourrisk.Factorsresultingfromlifestyleorenvironmentcanbemodifiedwithahealthcareprovider’shelp.『正確答案』Riskfactorsof2：原文：“Butitisimportanttorememberthisisnotaboutthetechnologyitself.It’sabouthowitisused,”sayspsychologistChristineRileyofIn,oneofthestudyssponsors.“Itreallypointstotheneedforconsideringsocialfactorsintermsofhowyoudesignapplicationsandservicesfortechnology.”Theinternetnotto1：原文：Ourbodiesareestimatedtobeabout60%to70%water.Bloodismostlywaterandourmuscles,lungsandbrainallcontainalotofwater.Waterisneededtoregulatealsotransportsoxygentoourcells,removewasteandprotectsourjointsandorgans.『正確答案』Importanceof2：原文：Formostpatients,treatmentwilllast7to12weeks.Becauseresultsvary,itmaytakelongerforsomepeople,possiblyupto6monthsdependingontheindividual.Ifyou’vebeensmokingforalongtime,ZYBANwillhelptoreducewithdrawalsymptoms.It’simportanttoremainonZYBANforatleast7to12weeksinordertoquitforgood.YourdoctorshoulddeterminewhentostoptakingZYBAN.『正確答案』HowlongshouldItake3：原文：Therearelargesuddenpollutionincreasesduringrushhours.Pollutionlevelsfallduringnighttime.ThetimeofyearalsomakesabigdifferencePollutionlevelstendtobeattheirlowestduringspringandautumnwhenwindsarefreshest.Extremecoldorhotweatherhasatrapeffectandtendstocauseabuild-upofpollutants.『正確答案』Whenpollutionlevelsriseand例1：Waisneywasoncesopoorthat hedeveloped3000hecouldn’taffordtobuyapairofhefoundhimselfanunsuccessfultheyaninnovationshouldworkimmediafailureisthemotherof原文：Waisney,thefounderofDisneyland,wassobrokeafterasuccessionoffinancialfailuresthathewasleftshoelessinhisofficebecausehecouldnotaffordtheUS$1.50togethisshoesfromtherepairshop.語應該也是Waisney，用人稱代詞he代替，所以可以直接排除DEF。再根據題干信息，可以定位到這個句子：…h(huán)ewasleftshoelessinhisofficebecausehecouldnotaffordtheUS$1.50togethisshoesfromtherepairshopABCB例2：BritishMedicalAssociationsuggested theyweretheyweremembersofdifferenthospitaldoctorsstopwearingwhodoesnotalwayswearawhoservedasmercenariesinmaysinthe17thwhodoesnotwanttolivelikea虛擬語氣，即should加動詞，should可以省略，因此比較幾個選項可以直接選出C。例3：Airpollutioncanbeasharmfultoone’s onthedownwindduringrushinspringandtotoxicbetweenautumnandasexposuretonuclear一樣，是的一種。例4：Somepeoplecanreducetheirriskofstrokeifthey （changetheir例1：Depressionisregardedbymanyolderpeopleas （acharacter原文：Manyolderpeopleandtheirfamiliesdon’trecognizethesymptomsofdepression,aren’tawarethatitisamedicalillness,anddon’tknowhowitistreated.Othersmaymistakethesymptomsofdepressionassighsofdementia.Alsomanyolderpeoplethinkthatdepressionisacharacterflawandareworriedaboutbeingstigmatized.Sotheyblamethemselvesfortheirillnessandaretooashamedtogethelp.Othersworrythattreatmentwouldbetoocostly.『正確答案』acharacter動詞regarded（認為；看作），所以我們定位到這個句子：Also,manyolderpeoplethinkthatdepressionisacharacterflawandareworriedaboutbeingstigmatizedthinkregardacharacterflaw。例2：Isolationmaykeep from （livingalong原文：Somesarenaturallyintrovertedorshy,whichcanresultinisolation.Ifyouwanttolivealonglife,avoidisolation.Maintaininghealthy,relationshipshaslastingbenefits.Establishingstrongrelationshipscouldlowerbloodpressure,promoterelaxation,easepainandmayevenstrengthentheimmunesystem.『正確答案』livingalong『答案解析』根據題干可以定位到這個句子：Ifyouwanttolivealonglife,avoidisolation.注意這里的動詞avoid（避免；避開），另外，livealonglifelivingalonglife例3：TheresponsibilityoftheUSNationalWeatherServiceis （totrackhurricanesandissuewarnings）.原文：In1953,theUSNationalWeatherService,whichisresponsiblefortrackinghurricanesandissuingwarnings,beganusingfemalenamesforstorms.By1979,bothwomenandmen’snameswerebeingused.Onenameforeachletterofalphabetisselected,exceptforQ,UandZ.『正確答案』totrackhurricanesandissue『答案解析』根據題干的responsibility我們可以定位到這個句子：…whichisresponsiblefortrackinghurricanesandissuingwarnings…，responsibilityresponsibletotrackhurricanesandissuewarnings。例1：Genealterationsmaybecausedby （variouschange原文：Scientistshavelearnedthatcanceriscausedbychangesingenesthatnormallycontrolthegrowthanddeathofcells.Certainlifestyleandenvironmentalfactorscanchangesomenormalgenesintogenesthatallowthegrowthofcancer.Manygenechangesthatleadtocanceraretheresultoftobaccouse,diet,exposuretoultravioletradiationfromthesunorexposuretocarcinogensintheworkplaceorintheenvironment.Somegenealterationsareinherited.『正確答案』various『答案解析』genealterations表示“改變”，change與alteration是同義的，都是表variousfactors。例2：Astheballbecamesopopularintheworld,theinventor’sfamily gainedsuccessandprofits）.原文：Byproducingahighqualityproductatanaffordableprice,threeofMullany’shaveenjoyedthesatisfactionandbenefitsofrunningasuccessfulandprofitablefamilybusiness.『正確答案』hadgainedsuccessandthesatisfactionandbenefitsofrunningasuccessfulandprofitablefamilybusiness.threegenerationsofMullany’stheinventor’sfamily，答案選項中例3：Treatmentforcancermayalsobringaboutsome （sidegenerateproduce產生；引起cause引起原文：Cancertreatmentcanincludesurgery,traditiontherapy,chemotherapy,hormonetherapyandbiologicaltherapy.Becausetreatmentforcancercsodamagehealthcellsandtissues,itoftencauseeeffects.Patientsanddoctorsgenerallydiscussthetreatmentoptions,weighingthelikelybenefitsofkillingcancercellsandrisksofpossiblesideeffects.『正確答案』side詞詞組bringabout表示“帶來”，這與文中的動詞cause是同義的。選項中的sideeffectsHowTechnologyPushesDownPricePriceshavefalleninthefoodbusinessbecauseofadvancesinfoodproductionanddistributiontechnology.Consumershavebenefitedgreatlyfromthoseadvances.Peoplewhopredictedthattheworldwouldrunoutoffoodwerewrong.Weareproducingmoreandmorefoodwithlessandlesscapital.Foodisthereforemoreplentifulandcheaperthanithaseverbeen.Spendingonfoodcomparedwithothergoodshasfallenformanyyears,andcontinuestodrop.Paragraph1A.BiggersupermarketsofferlowerpricesB.ChainstoresprovidebetterserviceC.TechnologyhelpsreducefoodpricesD.HugeretailersforceproducertocutcostsE.ConsumerslikesupermarketsF.Foodcomescheaperinlarger『答案解析』根據第一段的“PriceshavefalleninthefoodbusinessbecauseofadvancesinfoodproductionanddistributiontechnologyC。Supermarketshavehelpedpushdownpricesmainlybecauseoftheirscale.Likeanybigbusiness,theycaninvestinITsystemsthatmakethemefficient.Andtheirsizeallowsthemtobuyinbulk.Assupermarketsgetbigger,thepricesgetlower.Paragraph2A.BiggersupermarketsofferlowerpricesB.ChainstoresprovidebetterserviceD.HugeretailersforceproducerstocutcostsE.ConsumerslikesupermarketsF.Foodcomescheaperinlarger『答案解析』根據第二段的“Supermarketshavehelpedpushdownpricesmainlybecauseoftheirscale.”和“Assupermarketsgetbigger,thepricesgetlowerAHugeretailcompaniessuchasWal-Marthavetremendouspowerandtheycanputpressureonproducerstocuttheirmargins.Asaresult,someproducershavehadtomakecuts.Inrecentyears,Unileverhascutitsworkforceby33,000to245,000anddroppedlotsofitsminorbrandsaspartofits“pathtogrowth”strategy.Cadburyhasshutnearly20percentofits133factoriesandcut10percentofits55,000globalworkforce.Thesecutshelpkeepcostsdown,andthepriceoffoodstayslow.Paragraph3B.ChainstoresprovidebetterD.HugeretailersforceproducerstocutcostsE.ConsumerslikesupermarketsF.Foodcomescheaperinlarger『答案解析』本段中心詞是“Hugeretailcompanies”，對按照選項“HugeretailersforceproducerstocutcostsD。Doescheapfoodmakepeopleunhealthy?Cheapfoodmayencouragepeopletoeatmore.Foodcompaniescertainlythinkthatgivingpeoplemorefoodfortheirmoneymakesthembuymore.Givingpeoplebiggerportionsisaneasywayofmakingthemfeeltheyhavegotabetterdeal.Thatiswhyportionshavegotlargerandlarger.InAmerica,softdrinkscamein80z（225g）cansinthepast,then120z（350g）,andnowcomein200z（550g）cans.Ifacompanycansellyouan80zportionfor$7,theycansellyoua120zportionfor$8.Theonlyextracosttothecompanyisthefood,whichprobablycosts25cents.Paragraph B.ChainstoresprovidebetterserviceE.ConsumerslikesupermarketsF.Foodcomescheaperinlarger “biggerportions”、“portionshavegotlargerandlarger”等可知答案選F。2.Supermarketshavehelpedpushdownpricesmainlybecauseoftheirscale.Likeanybigbusiness,theycaninvestinITsystemsthatmakethemefficient.Andtheirsizeallowsthemtobuyinbulk.Assupermarketsgetbigger,thepricesgetlower.Bigsupermarketscanofferfoodatlowerpricesbecausetheycanbuyin.A.minorbrandsB.agoodC.largeD.theirE.hugeF.their HugeretailcompaniessuchasWal-Marthavetremendouspowerandtheycanputpressureonproducerstocuttheirmargins.Asaresult,someproducershavehadtomakecuts.Inrecentyears,Unileverhascutitsworkforceby33,000to245,000anddroppedlotsofitsminorbrandsaspartofits“pathtogrowth”strategy.Cadburyhasshutnearly20percentofits133factoriesandcut10percentofits55,000globalworkforce.Thesecutshelpkeepcostsdown,andthepriceoffoodstayslow.Somefoodproducershavereduced.A.minorbrandsB.agoodD.theirE.hugeF.their『答案解析根據Inrecentyears,Unileverhascutitsworkforceby33,000to245,000anddroppedlotsofitsminorbrandsaspartofits“pathtogrowthstrategy.可workforce，D。Besidescuttingitsworkforce,Unileveralsoabandonedits.A.minorbrandsB.agoodE.hugeF.their『答案解析根據Inrecentyears,Unileverhascutitsworkforceby33,000to245,000anddroppedlotsofitsminorbrandsaspartofits“pathtogrowthstrategy.可minorbrandsA。Doescheapfoodmakepeopleunhealthy?Cheapfoodmayencouragepeopletoeatmore.Foodcompaniescertainlythinkthatgivingpeoplemorefoodfortheirmoneymakesthembuymore.Givingpeoplebiggerportionsisaneasywayofmakingthemfeeltheyhavegotabetterdeal.Thatiswhyportionshavegotlargerandlarger.InAmerica,softdrinkscamein80z（225g）cansinthepast,then120z（350g）,andnowcomein200z（550g）cans.Ifacompanycansellyouan80zportionfor$7,theycansellyoua120zportionfor$8.Theonlyextracosttothecompanyisthefood,whichprobablycosts25cents.BuyerslikebiggerportionbecausetheythinktheyhavegotB.agoodE.hugeF.theirabetterdealagoodbargainB。Nowcompaniesareunderpressuretostopsellingbiggerportionsforlessmoney.Butitishardtochangethetrend.PathwaystoResearch:Problem-solving（2014Pittsburgh’smanyhillsaren’tkindtobikers.AnyonehotopedaltoworktherehastocontendwithsteepstreetslikeCantonAvenue,whichfamouslyclimbsatanearly40-degreeangle.Asaresult,someresidentsavoidbikingaltogether.Paragraph1A.InInternationalScienceandEngineeringTheenthusiasmforsolvingTheyoungresearchers’AninventionincreasingpedalWhypeopleavoidbikinginThecauseofnationalButUniversityofPittsburghgraduateMicahToll,23,andafewfriendsrecentlylaunchedaninventionthattheyhopewillincreasethecity’spedalpower.AnelectricbikecalledtoPulsePEVO.Asuper-strongbatterypowersthebicycle.Abletohitnearly20perhourwithoutpedaling,itzipsupthecity’smostdaunting（令人卻步的）hills.TollhopesitwillpersuadepeopleinPittsburghandelsewheretogetoutoftheircarsandontobikes.2016年英語群 Paragraph2A.InInternationalScienceandEngineeringB.TheenthusiasmforsolvingC.Theyoungresearchers’D.AninventionincreasingpedalpowerF.ThecauseofnationaldisasterD。IfitsoundslikeTollhasaknack（竅門）forfixingproblems,that’sbecausehedoes.Inhighschool,hedesignedanewtypeofconstructionbeam.Itweightsnomorethanornaturaldisaster.Forhiswork,TollwasinvitedtoattendtheInterInternationalScienceandEngineeringFair（ISEF）twice,in2006and2007.TheannualcompetitionforyoungresearchersisprogramofSocietyforScience&thePublic（that’stheparentorganizationofScienceNewsforKids）.Tollsaysthatwhenitcomestoscience,hekeepsitsimple:“Youseeaproblemandsay,‘HowcouldIsolvethat?’”Paragraph A.InInternationalScienceandEngineeringB.TheenthusiasmforsolvingC.Theyoungresearchers’passionF.ThecauseofnationaldisasterHe’snottheonlytotakethatapproaanyyoungresearchersgettheirstartbytryingtosolveaproblemorfulfillaneedintheirowncommunities.Whenstudentsdedicatethemselvestofindingasolutionthatmaybenefittheircommunity,“apassionis（點燃）,”saysWendyHawkins,executivedirectoroftheInterFoundation,whichsponsorsInISEF.“Findingthatpassionandfosteringitcanbethekeytomanystudentsfuturesuccess.”shesays.Paragraph4 A.InInternationalScienceandEngineeringFairC.Theyoungresearchers’passionF.ThecauseofnationalButUniversityofPittsburghgraduateMicahToll,23,andafewfriendsrecentlylaunchedaninventionthattheyhopewillincreasethecity’spedalpower.AnelectricbikecalledtoPulsePEVO.Asuper-strongbatterypowersthebicycle.Abletohitnearly20perhourwithoutpedaling,itzipsupthecity’smostdaunting（令人卻步的）hills.TollhopesitwillpersuadepeopleinPittsburghandelsewheretogetoutoftheircarsandontoAPulsePEVOispoweredwithA.anearly40-degreeangleB.getonbikesC.afeatherpillowD.fixmoreE.asuper-strongbatteryF.benefittheirAsuper-strongbatterypowersthebicycleETollhopeshisPulsePEVOwillencouragepeopletoA.anearly40-degreeangleB.getonbikesC.afeatherpillowD.fixmoreF.benefittheirB。IfitsoundslikeTollhasaknack（竅門）forfixingproblems,that’sbecausehedoes.Inhighschool,hedesignedanewtypeofconstructionbeam.Itweightsnomorethanornaturaldisaster.Forhiswork,TollwasinvitedtoattendtheInterInternationalScienceandEngineeringFair（ISEF）twice,in2006and2007.TheannualcompetitionforyoungresearchersisprogramofSocietyforScience&thePublic（that’stheparentorganizationofScienceNewsforKids）.Tollsaysthatwhenitcomestoscience,hekeepsitsimple:“Youseeaproblemandsay,‘HowcouldIsolvethat?’”AnewconstructionbeaminventedbyTollweighslike A.anearly40-degreeC.afeatherpillowD.fixmoreF.benefittheirItweighsnomorethanafeatherpillowCHe’snottheonlytotakethatapproaanyyoungresearchersgettheirstartbytryingtosolveaproblemorfulfillaneedintheirowncommunities.Whenstudentsdedicatethemselvestofindingasolutionthatmaybenefittheircommunity,“apassionis（點燃）,”saysWendyHawkins,executivedirectoroftheInterFoundation,whichsponsorsInISEF.“Findingthatpassionandfosteringitcanbethekeytomanystudentsfuturesuccess.”shesaysManyyoungresearchersarefindingsolutionstoproblemsthatmay A.anearly40-degreeangleD.fixmoreproblemsF.benefittheircommunityManyyoungresearchersgettheirstartbytryingtosolveaproblemorfulfillaneedintheirowncommunities.這些少年發(fā)明家進行發(fā)明是為了解決F。TheStorylerStevenSpielberghasalwayshadonegoal:tolasmanygreatstoriestoasmanypeopleaswilllisten.Andthat’swhathehasalwaysbeenabout.Thesonofacomputerscientistandapianist,SpielbergspenthisearlychildhoodinNewJerseyand,later,Arizona.Fromtheverybeginning,hisfertileimaginationfilledhisyoungmindwithimagesthatwouldlaterinspirehisfilmmaking.Paragraph GettingintothemoviebusinessB.InspirationsforhismoviesC.AnaimoflifeD.lingstoriestomakeE.ThetroubleofmakingF.AfunnyF。Evendecadeslater,Spielbergsayshehasclearmemoriesofhisearliestyears,whicharetheoriginsofsomeofhisbiggesthits.HebelievesthatE.T.istheresultofthedifficultyearsleadinguptohisparent’s1966divorce,“Itisreallyaboutayoungboywhowasinsearchofsomestabilityinhislife.”“Hewasscaredofjustabouteverything,”recallshismother,LeahAdler.“Whentreesbrushedagainstthehouse,hewouldheadintomybed.Andthat’sjustthekindofscarystuffhewouldputinfilikePoltergeist.”Paragraph2 GettingintothemoviebusinessB.InspirationsforhismoviesD.lingstoriestomakeE.ThetroubleofmakingF.AfunnyB。Spielbergwas11whenhefirstgothishandsonhisdad’smoviecameraandbeganshootingshortflicksaboutflyingsaucersandWorldWarΙΙbattles.Spielberg’stalentforscarystorylingenabledhimtomakefriends.OnBoyScoutcamtrips,whennightfell,Spielbergbecamethecenterofattention.“Stevenwouldstartlinghisghoststories,”saysRichardY.HoffmanJr.,leaderofTroop294,“andeveryonewouldsuddenlygetquietsothattheycouldallhearit.”Paragraph GettingintothemovieD.lingstoriestomakeE.ThetroubleofmakingF.Afunny『答案解析』定位第三段Spielberg’stalentforscarystorylingenabledhimtomakefriendsD。SpielbergmovedtoCaliforniawithhisfatherandwenttohighschoolthere,buthisgradesweresobadthathebarelygraduated.BothUCLAandUSCfichoolsrejectedhim,soheenteredCaliforniaStateUniversityatLongBeachbecauseitwasclosetoHollywood.Spielbergwasdeterminedtomakemovies,andhemanagedtogetanunpaid,non-creditinternship（實習）inHollywood.Soonhewasgivenacontract,andhedroppedoutofcollege.Heneverlookedback.Paragraph GettingintothemoviebusinessE.ThetroubleofmakingmoviesF.Afunny2.Evendecadeslater,Spielbergsayshehasclearmemoriesofhisearliestyears,whicharetheoriginsofsomeofhisbiggesthits.HebelievesthatE.T.istheresultofthedifficultyearsleadinguptohisparent’s1966divorce,“Itisreallyaboutayoungboywhowasinsearchofsomestabilityinhislife.”“Hewasscaredofjustabouteverything,”recallshismother,LeahAdler.“Whentreesbrushedagainstthehouse,hewouldheadintomybed.Andthat’sjustthekindofscarystuffhewouldputinfilikePoltergeist.”SomeofSpielberg’smostsuccessfulmoviescamefrom makingchildrenalmostalotof