初三英語(yǔ)專題復(fù)習(xí)

名詞考點(diǎn)直擊： 1.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的用法 2.名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及用法 3近義名詞的辨析。一、名詞的數(shù) :1.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的基本方法？1.heroheroes,potato-八potatoes,tomatotomatoes,negronegroe.2l^f或fe結(jié)尾的詞）多數(shù)變f為v再力口？es,例如： knife-*knives,leaf-Heaves,half-*halves。3.少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式 ,例如：man-*men,woman-*women,toothteeth,foot-*feet,child-*children,mouse-*mice0【注意】與man和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞）其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是？men和-women。例如：anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成詞）故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;man,woman等作定語(yǔ)時(shí)）它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定，如： menworkers,womenteachers。.有個(gè)別名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一樣）例如：Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish。但當(dāng)fish表示不同種類的魚(yú)時(shí)） 可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。.單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有：people,police等。.數(shù)詞 +名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)， 這個(gè)名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式， 中間加連字符。 例如：ten-minutes,walk,an8-year-oIdgirl,aternmilewalk。.還有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如： trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods.不可數(shù)名詞"量”的表示方法 （1）用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等表示多少）例如:Therichmanhasalotofmoney.不可數(shù)名詞也可用這類詞修飾。 （2）用apieceof,abottleof,acupof這類定語(yǔ)）如果要表示“兩杯茶”、“四張紙”這類概念時(shí)，在容器后加復(fù)數(shù)，例如:twocupsoftea,fourpiecesofpaper,threeglassesofwater二、名詞的所有格名詞所有格，用來(lái)表示人或物的所有，以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。.表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加 's,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s',例如：astudent'sroom,students*rooms,father'sshoeso.如其結(jié)尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加rs,如：ChildrensDay。.在表示時(shí)間、距離、長(zhǎng)度、重量、價(jià)格、世界、國(guó)家等名詞的所有格要用 '例如：atwentyminutes'walk,tenmiles'journey,aboat'slength,twopounds'weight,tendollars'wortho.無(wú)生命名詞的所有格則必須用 of結(jié)構(gòu),例如：amapofChina,theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowerso.雙重所有格，例如： afriendofmyfather's。【注意】如果兩個(gè)名詞并列，并且分別有-s,則表示"分別有"，例如：John'sandMaiysrooms（約翰和瑪麗各有一間，共兩間）；Tom'sandMary'sbikes（兩人各自的自行車(chē)）。兩個(gè)名詞并列）只有一個(gè)s,則表示"共有"）例如：JohnandMary'sroom（約翰和瑪麗共有一間）；TomandMary'smother（即Tom與Mary是兄妹）項(xiàng)填空???Wherehaveyoubeen,Tim?―I'vebeento .A.theHenryhouseB.theHenryfamilyC.TheHenry*shomeD.Henry'sInEngland,if___isinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmealiscalledsupper.A.foodB.lunchC.breakfastD.dinner■■-Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem?■■-Certainly.A.somebottlesofwatersB.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwater D.somebottleofwatersMikehurtoneofhis intheaccidentyesterday.A.toothB.feetC.handD.earThereissome ontheplate.A.cakesB.meatC.potatoD.pearsInEngland,thelastnameisthe A.familynameB.middleC.givennameD.fullname■Th_e hastwo .A.boys;watchesB.boy;watchC?boy;watchesD.boys;watchThelittlebabyhastwo already?A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.teethsThisis bedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch?A.AnneandJaneB?AnneAsandJaneC.Anne'sandJaneD?AnneandJane's ■一Arethereanyonthefarm?—Yes,therearesome.A.horseB.duckC?chickenD.sheep Thesehavesavedmanychildren'slives.A?womandoctorsB.womendoctoC.womendoctorsD?womandoctor二.根據(jù)下列句子的情景及所給漢語(yǔ)注釋，寫(xiě)出所缺單詞。We"vegotalotofnew （雜志）inourschoollibrary.Autumnismyfavourite_（季節(jié)）…Howmany（小刀）doyouhave?…Three. arewidelyusedinthemodernworld?June1stis （兒童）Day.…Doesthispieceof（音樂(lè)）soundnice?…Yes.It'swonderful!三?根據(jù)句意和所給首字母寫(xiě)出所缺的單詞。1.“What'syourn ?"“LiLei."Pleaseclosethew ?It'scoldoutside.IfyouwantstudyEnglishwell,youmustpayattentiontoyourp .5.Acomputerisoneofthegreatesti intheworld.ZhangHuiisveryexcited?HewillgotoJapanwithhisp duringtheSpringFestival?Atthea ofseven,thelonelygirlhadtoworktomakeliving.It'sonlyaboutanh flightfromQingdaotoBeijingbyair.Healthismoreimportanttomethanm .Becareful!It9sd torunacrossthestreetnow.部分常用副詞的用法very,much這兩個(gè)副詞都可表示“很”，但用法不同。 Very用來(lái)修飾形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，而much用來(lái)修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)。Much可以修飾動(dòng)詞）而very則不能。例如：Sheisaverynicegirl.Pmfeelingmuchbetternow?Theydidnottalkmuch?too,either這兩個(gè)副詞都表示“也"，但too用于肯定句 ,either用于否定句。例如： °Shecandance,andIcandance,too.Ihaven'treadthebookandmybrotherhasn'teithe?ralready,yetalready一般用于肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：Hehasalreadyleft?Haveyouheardfromhimyet?HehasnAtansweredyet.so,neitherso和neither都可用于倒裝句，但so表示肯定，neither表示否定。例如：MybrotherlikesfootballandsodoI.MybrotherdoesnAtlikedancingandneitherdoI.3.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)（不一定每一方只有一個(gè)人或一個(gè)事物） ，用比較級(jí)： Theboysinherclassaretallerthantheboysinyourclass.most同形容詞連用而不用the,表示"極)很)非常)十分Itfsmostdangeroustobehere.在這兒太危險(xiǎn)?！癟he形容詞比較級(jí)the+形容詞比較級(jí)?一"表示“越???就越。Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow?(4)”形容詞比較級(jí)+and+形容詞比較級(jí)"，表示"越來(lái)越...nIt'sgettinghotterandhotter.⑸主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(系動(dòng)詞)+as+形容詞原形+as+從句。表示兩者對(duì)比相同。否定用notas/so…asboxisasbigasmine.Thisboxisn嚷不如Thisas/sobigasmine?形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人和物進(jìn)行比較。一？單項(xiàng)填空1.Therearemanyvoungtreeson2.3.A.every—It'ssocoldtoday.■A.morecoldLittleTomhasB.eachsidesoftheroad.C.both——Yes.it"sthanitwasyesterday?B?morecolder C.muchcolderfriends,soheoftenplaysalone?4.A.more

Sheisn?tsowell5.Peterwritesalittleatmathsasvoua「e.B.goodofthethree?C.manyC.better6.A.betterHeisB.best C?goodenoughtocarrytheheavybox?7.A?strongerIboughtB?muchexercise-b1.Therearemanyvoungtreeson2.3.A.every—It'ssocoldtoday.■A.morecoldLittleTomhasB.eachsidesoftheroad.C.both——Yes.it"sthanitwasyesterday?B?morecolder C.muchcolderfriends,soheoftenplaysalone?4.A.more

Sheisn?tsowell5.Peterwritesalittleatmathsasvoua「e.B.goodofthethree?C.manyC.better6.A.betterHeisB.best C?goodenoughtocarrytheheavybox?7.A?strongerIboughtB?muchexercise-bookerwithC?strongmoney?D.allD.coldD.fewD.bestD.wellD.thestrongestafew;afewafew;alittlealittle;afewD.alittle;alittle8.Theboxisheavyforthegirlcarry.A.too;toB.to;tooC.so;thatno;to9.Theiceinthelakeisaboutonemeter?It,sstrongenoughtoskateon.9.Theiceinthelakeisaboutonemeter?It,sstrongenoughtoskateon.A.longWuLinranB.highC.thickfasterthantheotherboysinthesportsmeeting.A.sothe+形容詞表示某種人。B.muchC.veryHealwayshelpsthepoor.D.wideD.tooJonelookssotodaybecauseshehasgotan"A"inhermathstest.A.happyB?happilyC?angryD?angrilyA.longWuLinranB.highC.thickfasterthantheotherboysinthesportsmeeting.A.sothe+形容詞表示某種人。B.muchC.veryHealwayshelpsthepoor.D.wideD.tooJonelookssotodaybecauseshehasgotan"A"inhermathstest.A.happyB?happilyC?angryD?angrilyThesmileonmyfather八faceshowedthathewasA.sadB.pleasedC.angryD.sorry?Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis?■一Certainly,wecanbuyonethanthis,butwithme.this-Aabetter;betterthanaworse;asgoodasC?acheaper;asgoodasD.amoreimportant;goodas14?—Thisdigitalcameraisreallycheap!—Thethebette匚I'mshortofmoney,yousee.A.cheapB.cheaperC.expensiveD.moreexpensiveIfyouwanttolearnEnglishwell,youmustuseitasaspossible.A.oftenB.longC.hardD.soonPaulhasfriendsexceptme,andsometimeshefeelslonely.A.manyB.someC.fewD.moreEnglishpeopleuseM匚Beforeaman'sfirstname?A.neverB?usuallyC.oftenD.sometimes一-OnemoresatellitewassentupintospaceinChinainMay.…Right.Thegovernmentspokethat.A.highlyfor B.highofC.wellof D.highlyof-一Rememberthis,children. carefulyouare, mistakesyouwillmake.…Weknow,MissGao?A.Themore;themore B?Thefewer;themoreC?Themore;thefewerD.Theless;thelesshave todotoday?A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothingD.importantsomething二.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Mypursewasstolenonthebusyesterday. (Fortunate),t3?Heputonhiscoatandwentout (quick).4.Sheis (good)thanLiPingatswimming.5?AlotChinesepeopleare (pride)ofYaoMing,afamousbasketballstarinNBA.6.Tooursurprise,hesuddenlyreturnedonacold (snow)night.7?Allieaskedme (polite)toputthethingsaway.&It'ssnowinghard?Youmustdrive (careful).Theearthweliveonis (big)thanthemoon?Hainanisaverylargeisland.It'sthesecond (large)islandinChina.三.用適當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~或副詞填空 (首字母已給 111)ThateveningBeethovenplayedthemusicforthegirlaswellasu .Hawaiiisf itsbeautifulbeaches.Heoftentakesana partinthesportsmeetingandhecangetverygoodresultseachtime.Theperfonnancewassowthateveryonegavealongandloudapplause鼓常).JiefangRoadistheb___streetinourcity.Shelaya forhoursthinkingoverherbusiness.8.1likeballgamesverymuch,butmyf sportisplayingbasketball.9.Theboyistoo1 .Hedoesn'twanttodoanything.tionary1OThe.dieisveryu .Itwillhelpyoualot.herewasnomoneyinit.Mobilephonesare (wide)usedinmostofthecitiesinChina.冠詞考點(diǎn)直擊1.不定冠詞的用法：(l)a和an均用在單數(shù)名詞之前，表示某一類人或事物 Johnisastudent.⑵指某一類人或事物中的任何一個(gè)。 Passmeanapple,please.指某人或某物，但不具體說(shuō)明何人或何物。 Astudentwantstoseeyou.表示"每一”的意思，相當(dāng)于 everyoTheygotoseetheirparentsonceaweek.定冠詞用法特指某 (些)人或某(些)事物。 BeijingisthecapitalofChina.指說(shuō)話人和聽(tīng)話人都熟悉的人或事物。 Openthedoor,please.上文提到過(guò)的人或事物。 YesterdayJohn'sfatherboughthimanewbike.Thebikecost200yuan表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。 Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)之前。 Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.(6)用在某些形容詞之前)表示某一類人或事物 Weshouldtakegoodcareoftheold(老人)(7)用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。inthemoming,in(heopenair等須熟記。(8)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)Z前，表示“某某一家人"，“某某夫婦”如theBrowns,thewhites等。不用冠詞的情況 (1)某些專有名詞，抽彖名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞China,glass,water,love等。(2)名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)用的this,that,my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,everyH弋詞時(shí))不用冠詞。例如：Thatismycap?Ihavesomequestions0 Godownthisstreet.⑶復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)，不用冠詞 Theyareworkers.稱呼語(yǔ)前不用冠詞，表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前也不加冠詞。例如：IdonAtfeelwelltoday,Mothe匚BushwasmadepresidentoftheU.S.三餐飯的名稱前，球類活動(dòng)，學(xué)科和節(jié)目名詞前，常不用冠詞。例如：在某些固定詞組里，名詞之前常不用冠詞。例如：Byair,atnight,athome,gotobed,gotoschool,onfoot,frommorningtillnight等。二.數(shù)詞的用法：數(shù)詞分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞表示數(shù)IW,序數(shù)詞表示順序?；鶖?shù)詞的用法 (1)基數(shù)詞在句中主要用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)， )) 表示一個(gè)具體數(shù)字時(shí)， hundred,thousand,million~律不用復(fù)數(shù)；在表示一個(gè)不確定數(shù)字時(shí)則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：Theyarrived⑶表示“十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用來(lái)表示人的歲數(shù)或年代，例如 Thistookplacein1930s.(4)表示時(shí)刻用基數(shù)詞。Wegetupatsix.表示"幾點(diǎn)過(guò)幾分”，用介詞past,但須在半小時(shí)以內(nèi)。例如：aquarterpastnine表示"幾點(diǎn)差幾分”用介詞to,但分?jǐn)?shù)須在半小時(shí)以上。例如：twentytonine,表示“幾點(diǎn)幾分”還可直接用基數(shù)詞。例如： sevenfifteen,2.序數(shù)詞的用法序數(shù)詞主要用作定語(yǔ) ,前面要加定冠詞，例如 ：Johnlivesonthefifteenthfloor.(2)序數(shù)詞有口寸前面可加不定冠詞來(lái)表示“再一”，“又一”如： ShallIaskhimathirdtime?3)由幾個(gè)序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞在拼寫(xiě)時(shí)不對(duì)應(yīng)，很容易寫(xiě)錯(cuò)，應(yīng)特別注意。它們是：one-first,two—second,three-thifive—fifth,eight—eighth,nine-ninth,twelve-twelfth□(4)表示年，月，日時(shí)，年用基數(shù)詞表示，日用序數(shù)詞表示。例如：1949年十月一 tl讀作：October(the)first,nineteensixty2004年九月十日讀作： September(the)tenth,twothousandandfour(5)表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于 1時(shí)，分母加？s。例如：threefourths,onesecond,twofifths一?1.ThismorningIhad eggandabottleofmilkformybreakfast.A.anB.aC.theD./■一WhatAsthematterwithyou?一-1caught badcoldandhadtostayin bed.A.a;/B.a;theC.a;aD.the;the■一Haveyouseen pen?Ileftitherethismorning.■一Isit blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere?A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a sunisshiningbrightly?A.AB.AnC.TheD./Thereis"FTinthewordhoijZA.aB.theC.anD./DidyouenjoyyourstayinXian?Yes.Ihad wonderfultime.A.aB.anC.theD./ sunisbiggerthan earth?A.A;theB.A;anC.The;anD.The;theThereis appleandsomepearsonthetable.A.theB./C.aD.anDavidhas cat.IFsverynice.A.aB.anC.theD./Fmreading novel.Itis interestingstory.A.a;anB.a;aC?the;theD./;anItissaidthatSARShaskilledmorethan peopleworldwide.A.threehundredsB.threehundreds'C.threehundred八 D.threehundred12?—Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?—TherearetwoA.hundredsB.hundredC?hundredofD.hundredsof13.?一Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour??rd,13.15.Weallthinkthatthetwenty-first19.centurywillbringusmorehopes?twentieth-firstC.twenty-one15.Weallthinkthatthetwenty-first19.centurywillbringusmorehopes?twentieth-firstC.twenty-oneD?twentieth-oneChinesearelookingforwaysto1earnEnglishwel1beforeBeijing2008Olympics.A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.ThousandsofBothofthetworulersarebroken.IwanttobuyaA.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.ThousandsofBothofthetworulersarebroken.IwanttobuyaA.threeB.thirdC.forthD./二.句子改錯(cuò)：下面各句A,B,C,D中有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)指出并改正。1.Mayisa_fifthmonthoftheyear.one.TheboysandthegirlsoftenplayIt100ksrain.Whynottakeathefootballinumbrellawithyou?theafternoon.LiMeioftengivesussomegoodTheboysandthegirlsoftenplayIt100ksrain.Whynottakeathefootballinumbrellawithyou?theafternoon.LiMeioftengivesussomegoodinformationWe?veplarbecIhtwE-mail.hundredstreesintheFivemiIlionofdollarsj_salotofcentreofourcitythisyear.money.ThereareBytheendofthousandofchildrenintheparknow?twentycentury,theworldpopulationOverthreefifthoftheworldJsbooksandnewspapershadpassedsixbillion,arewritteninEnglish.Thefilmhasbeenonforhalfahour.動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)直擊：1?動(dòng)詞的八種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法； 2.動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法；3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成及用法；4.近義動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。時(shí)態(tài)：1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本用法1）經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： every---,sometimes,at---,onSunday^U:Ileavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.2）客觀真理）客觀存在）科學(xué)事實(shí)。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.Columbus【注意】此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例:provedthattheearthisround??Columbus4）現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。Idon'twantsomuch.某些動(dòng)詞如come,go,move,stop,leave,arrive,be,finish,continue,start等）在一般現(xiàn)在口寸句中可用來(lái)表示將來(lái)肯定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Thetraincomesat3o'clock.6）在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。r11helpyouassoonasyouhaveproblem.2一般過(guò)去時(shí)的用法：表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況， 通常一般過(guò)去式帶有表示動(dòng)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的詞）詞組或從句）如Iyesterday,thedaybeforelast,lastweek,twodaysag濤）上下文清楚時(shí)可以不帶時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.【注意】1）過(guò)去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用usedto或would加動(dòng)詞原形來(lái)表達(dá)，例如：IusedtogofishingonSundays?2） “usedt也可用于表示過(guò)去曾經(jīng)存在過(guò)的狀態(tài)： Thisriverusedtobeclean.3一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法：表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài):Ishallattendthemeetingtomorrow.表示將來(lái)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：HewillgotoseehismothereverySaturdays.3）表示將來(lái)的意愿，決心，許諾，命令等時(shí)常用點(diǎn) 11,征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)，主語(yǔ)是第一人稱時(shí)，常用 shall。如：Iwilldomybesttocatchupwiththem?ShallIopenthedoor?4）be+going+動(dòng)詞不定式。也是一種將來(lái)時(shí)句型，表示打算，計(jì)劃，最近或?qū)?lái)要作的某事。 IamgoingtoBeijingnextweek.4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示說(shuō)話者說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生或者進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，它注重現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而不管動(dòng)作從什么時(shí)間開(kāi)始， 到什么時(shí)間結(jié)束。與look!1isten!now等連用Whatareyoudoingnow?2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（但說(shuō)話時(shí)這個(gè)動(dòng)作不一定在進(jìn)行）。Thestudentsarepreparingfortheexamination.3）某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行口寸可以表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 這些動(dòng)詞有arrive,come,leave,starts。TheyaregoingtoHongKongtomorrow.5現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法 1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示在說(shuō)話之前已經(jīng)完成或剛完成的動(dòng)作謂語(yǔ)常為短暫性動(dòng)詞如： Ihaveboughtaten-speedbicycle.2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在， 或者還有可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與 for和since引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)或從句連用。謂語(yǔ)為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Wehavelivedheresince1976.【注意】一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng) 作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響；一般過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀 語(yǔ)連用。試比較：Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了，不涉及現(xiàn)在）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容己經(jīng)知道了。）（6）過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。與 atthistimeyesterday,from7to9lastnight,when+id：去時(shí)間點(diǎn)，等連用IwaswatchingTVwhenshecametoseeme.【注意】過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)都是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，但過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 或所處的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)進(jìn)行，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則表示單純的過(guò)去事實(shí)，例如：Theywerebuildingahouselastmonth.（上個(gè)月正在建造，建造好與否不知）Theybuiltanewhouselastmonth.（上個(gè)月建造好了，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）7過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法： 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作 Z前完成的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)， 過(guò)去完成時(shí) 常和by,before等詞組成的短語(yǔ)或 before/when從句（一般過(guò)去時(shí)）連用： Wehadalreadylearnedtwothousandswordsbytheendoflastyear.Whenwearrivedatthestation,theyhadwaitedformorethantwentyminutes.8過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法 :過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在地狀態(tài)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)較多地被運(yùn) 用在賓語(yǔ)從句中。例如：ItoldhimthatIwouldseehimoffatthestation.二.動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。（1）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) :be+及物動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞2） 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一定要是及物動(dòng)詞因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，某些短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞如 lookafter,thinkof,takecareof,workout,laughat等，也可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareofbyher.【注意】短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)不可遺漏。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要加 “tO勺情況：若賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是不帶to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前 要力n"to"o此類動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞，女口：feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watc靜。例如：Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.4)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義：如wash,clean,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等動(dòng)詞雖然用做主動(dòng)形式卻表示被動(dòng)的意義。例如： Thefoodtastesgood.3?非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 ：對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)是：感官動(dòng)詞后不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞 ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的用法； 一些特殊動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)不帶to,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)就要帶io;有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，但表達(dá)的意思不同。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式 ：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式，而不是作謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng) 詞形式。動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式分為動(dòng)名詞，分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式。不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.不定式作目的狀語(yǔ) Henmsofastastocatchthefirstbus.用不定式和分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)都可以的動(dòng)詞這樣的動(dòng)詞有感官動(dòng)詞如：see,hear,look,notice,observe,fee等，使役動(dòng)詞如：have,make,leave,keep,ge等。接不定式表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性； +doing表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性。Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看見(jiàn)他在花園里干活了。 (強(qiáng)調(diào)“我看見(jiàn)了”這個(gè)事實(shí))Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào) "我見(jiàn)他正干活”這個(gè)動(dòng)作)昨天我見(jiàn)他正在花園里干活。(5)用不帶to不定式的情況：使役動(dòng)詞如：let,have,make等和感官動(dòng)詞如：see,watch,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中則to不能省掉。接動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同stoptodo停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。stopdoing停止做某事。forgettodo忘記要去做某事。 (未做)forgetdoing忘記做過(guò)某事 (己做)remembertodo記得去做某事(未做)rememberdoing記得做過(guò)某事(己做)trytodo努力，企圖做某事。 trydoing試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。goontodo做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。goondoing 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事。4.容易混淆的常用動(dòng)詞的辨析say,speak,talk,tell的用法。say表示講話，作為及物動(dòng)詞使用，后跟賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句。Hesaidhewouldgothere.speak表示“講話”，一般作為不及物動(dòng)詞使用，而有時(shí)作為及物動(dòng)詞后面跟上各種語(yǔ)言作為賓語(yǔ)「DoyouspeakEnglish?MayIspeaktoMrPope,please?talk表示"談話”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，與to,about,with等連用，才可以接賓語(yǔ)Whatareyoutalkingabout?MrJacksonistalkingwithmyfatherintheofficenow.tell表示“告訴，講述”是及物動(dòng)詞，可以帶雙賓語(yǔ)或復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。Shetoldusaninterestingstoryyesterday.MyteachertoldmethatwewouldhaveanEnglishexamthenextmonth.look,see,watch和watch的用法。Dlook強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”這個(gè)動(dòng)作，是不及物動(dòng)詞，常與at連用，然后接賓語(yǔ)。Look!Thegirlisswimminginthelake.Lookatthepicturecarefully.Canyoufindsomethingunusual?see指“看見(jiàn)”某物)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果。 Theycan'tseethewordsontheblackboard.watch指的是"觀看"，"注視”之意。ThetwinsarewatchingTVnow.read指“看書(shū)”、“看報(bào)”、“閱讀”之意。Don'treadinthesun.IliketoreadnewspaperswhenIamfree.borrow,lend和keep的區(qū)另限borrow意思為"借入"，常常與from連用，是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示瞬間即能完成的動(dòng)作。 Meimeiborrowedabookfromthelibraryjustnow?MayIborrowyourdictionary?lend是“借出”之意，常常與to連用，同borrow一樣，是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，只表示瞬間即能完成的動(dòng)作。UncleWanyhaslenthiscartoMrLi.Couldyoulendusyourradio,please?keep是“保存”的意思,動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)。 Howlongcantherecorderbekept?bring,take,carry和get的用法。bring意思為“拿來(lái)”、"帶?T'。指將某物或某人從別處“帶來(lái)”。MayIbringJimtoseeyounextSaturday?take意思是“拿走”，“帶走”，把某物或某人從這里“帶來(lái)”或“拿到”某處之意。 Itlookslikerain.Takearaincoatwithyou.Mothertookthelittlegirltothenextroom.carry是“帶著、搬運(yùn)、攜帶”的意思，指隨身攜帶，有背著、扛著、抱著、提著的含義，不表明來(lái)去的方向。Doyoualwayscarryahandbag?Theboxisheavy.Canyoucarryit?get是去某處將某物拿回來(lái)。Pleasegotomyofficetogetsomechalk.Thereisnowaterinthebottle?Whynotgetsome?wear,puton和dress的區(qū)另wear是“穿著”“戴著”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首飾等，強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿著”的 狀態(tài)。Tomalwayswearsblackshoes.Shedoesn'tliketoweararedflowersinherhair.puton是"穿上""戴上"的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。著重于穿戴的動(dòng)作。.Heputonhishatandwentoutoftheroom?dress可以作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，有“穿著”“打扮”的意思。作“穿著”解時(shí)，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作為及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，它的賓語(yǔ)是人，不是衣服。 dresssb(給某人穿衣服)，而wear作"穿著”用時(shí)，也是及物動(dòng)詞，但它的賓語(yǔ)是物，不是人，即 wearsth.(穿著衣物)。Shealwaysdresseswel?lGetupanddressquickly.Maryisdressingherchild?take,spend和use的用法。take指做某事用多少時(shí)間 ,句型是：Ittakes/took/willtake+sb.+sometime+todosth.Ittookmethreedaystofinishthework?Itwilltakeyouawhileweektotravelthoughttheforest?IttakesonlyonehourtoflytoShanghai.spend指某人在某事(物)上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或錢(qián)。句型是：Someonespends+money/time+onsomething(in)doingsth.Shespentmorethan500yuanonthatcoat.Hedidn'tspendmuchtimeonhislessons.Hespentmuchtime(in)correctingstudents1exercises.Motherspentherevenings(in)washingclothes.use表示使用工具、手段等。Doyouknowhowtousethecomputer?Shallweuseyourcar?reach,get和 arrive的IX別。reach是及物動(dòng)詞，后而要直接跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作賓語(yǔ)。Afterthetrainhadleft,theyreachedthestationWereachedthetopofthemountainatlas?tget是不及動(dòng)詞，常與to連用，再接名詞，后面接表示地點(diǎn)的副詞口寸，不用to,getto常用于口 語(yǔ)中。Mysisterwascookingwhenmothergothome.Whenthestudentsgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞)表示到達(dá)一個(gè)小地方時(shí),用arriveat,到達(dá)一個(gè)大地方時(shí)用arrivein。ThesoldiersarrivedatasmallvillageTheforeignerswillarriveinShanghaitomorrow?Listen!Someofthegirls aboutHarryPotter.Lettjointhem.A.aretalkingB.talkC.willtalk D.talkedOurteacher,MissChen, Englishontheradiothedayboreyesterday.A.teaches B.taughtC?willteachD?hadtaughtdon'tthinkI youinthatdressbefore.A.haveseenB.wasseeingC.saw D.seeSusan\parentshaveboughtalargehousewithaswimmingpool.It beveryexpensive?A.mustB.canC?mustn八D.can4Coffeeisready?Howniceit !Wouldyoulikesome?A.looksB.smellsC.soundsD.feels"Mr.Zhu,yoiTdbetter toomuchmeat.Youarealreadyoverweight/9saidthedoctor.A.nottoeatB.toeatC.noteatD.eat“DoiftalwaysmakeMichael thisorthat.Heisalreadyabigboy,dear9/M匚Bushsaidtohiswife.A.doB.todoC.doesD.did&Sorry,Icarfthearyouclearly.Willyouplease yourE-mailaddress?Fllwriteitdown.A.reviewB.reciteC.reportD?repeatDoni yourcoat,Tom!It5seasytocatchcoldinspring?A.takeawayB.takeoffC?takedownD.takeoutYougoandaskMeimei.Sheknowtheanswe匚A.must;canB?must;mayC?need;canD.can;mayFmsorryyoiTvemissedthetrain.It 10minutesago.A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleftD.hasbeenleftboughtanewdictionaryandit me30yuan.A.paidB.spentC.tookD?cost13????Mum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?…youyourhomeworkyet?A.Do;finishB.Are;finishingC.Did;finishingD.Have;finishedhavetogonow?Pleaserememberto thelightswhenyouleave?A.turnoffB.turndownC?turnupD.turnon

AtalkonChinesehistory intheschoolnextweek?A.begivenB.hasbeengivenC?willbegivenD?willgiveLook!Howheavytherainis!YoiTdbetter .A.donAtgonowB.stayherewhenitstopsC?nolleaveuntilitstopsD.nottoleaveatonceYoumaygofishingifyourwork ?A.isdoneB?willbedoneC.hasdoneD.havedoneCotton niceandsoft.A.isfeltB.isfeelingC.feelD.feels—Whocleanedtheblackboardyesterday,Dick?Cotton niceandsoft.A.isfeltB.isfeelingC.feelD.feels—Whocleanedtheblackboardyesterday,Dick??John.A.cleanedB.doesC.didD.is ■“No.Shegotuptoolate.A.hadsheB.hadn'tsheC.didsheD.didn'tshe二?閱讀短文，并用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。MynameisWangBing.FmfromChina?NowI___Lindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,?1___(study)atthisschool.I2__(arrive)hereonJanuary8.Sincethen,I 3___(make)alotoffriends?AtschoolwespeakEnglishallthetime?Nextweek,somenewstudentsfromAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica 4___(come)toourschool.FmverygladtoknowthisbecauseIenjoy 5__(meet)peoplefromothercountries.Since1946,oneofthemostimportantinventionshasbeenthecomputer.Ithasbeenchangingallourlives.Thefirstcomputer 1__(build)in1946.It 2___(be)aslargeasaroomandverydifficultandslow___3___(use).Butsincetheinventionofsilicon(硅片___3___(use).Butsincetheinventionofsilicon(硅片)，“ccohmipp”uters4 (become)smaller,easierandfastertooperate?Somecomputers 5 (be)assmallasTVsets.Somecaneven 6 (make)smallerthanabook?Andcomputers___7___(get)smallerandsmallerallthetime?Whoknowswhatthecomputersoftomorrow___8(be)like?There___9(be)severalreasonswhythecomputerisusefultous.First,alotofinformationcan 10___(put)intocomputer.Second,thecomputerworksveryquicklyB——thousandsoftimesfasterthanamananditwillnotbetired.Third,moderncomputerscanbebuiltintootherkindsofmachines,likeradios,carsandplanes?Sotodaypeoplecanspendlesstimedoingmoreworkwithacomputer.三.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Nomatterwhattheweatherislike,youcanalwaysfindsurfersout (ride)thewaves.…Whatdoyouusethekeyfor?-一Itis (use)formakingtherobotwork?Nonews (be)goodnews.I'msureJaneisstillallright.■一Areyoufeelingbetterthesedays?Yes,muchbetter.I aswellasthesedaysforalongtime?It (rain)heavily,yoifdbetternotgooutnow?ThecityofXian(become)cleanerandclean￡Theboysenjoy (see)fightfilmsverymuch?&Helefttheroomwithout (say)goodbye.Rice (grow)inthesouthofChina.Manytrees (plant)inourschoolyardtheseyears.四.用方框中所給的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組的適當(dāng)形式填入下列句子里，使其意思通順，每個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組只能用 一次Allow,fall,notbe,phone,receive,show,sendfor,payfor,beusedfor,turnitoff,keeponIt'sratherhottoday,buttheweatherreportsaysthetemperature to28Ctomorrow."Remember,nobody toeatordrinkinthecomputerroom/'theassistantsaidtothenewstudents.Hi,Mike!I yourinvitation.Thankyouverymuch.141comeontime.ThistimeyesterdayI theforeignersaroundtheancientchurch?Myunclephonedthebookingofficeoftheairline,andhewastoldthere anyflightstoSingaporeinthefollowingthreedaysbecauseofthebadweather.Don'tloseheartand trying.DonAtwatchTV.It'stoolate.Pleaseandgotobedrightnow.&Computersareuseful.Theycan sendingE-mail.TOC\o"1-5"\h\z9?Ifyou'velostthisbook,youhaveto it.10.Bothofhisfeetwerehurtintheaccident. adoctor,please.介詞1)at,inon表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at。例如：atsixo*clock,atnoon,atmidnighto表示在某個(gè)世紀(jì)，某年，某月，某個(gè)季節(jié)以及早 晨，上午，下午，晚上時(shí)，用in。例如：inthenineteenthcentury,in2002,inmay,inwinter,inthemorning,intheafternoon等。表示具體的某一天和某一天的上午) 下午)晚上時(shí))用on。例如：onMonday,onJuly1st,onSundaymorning^。since,afterrflsince和after引導(dǎo)的詞組都可表示從過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始的時(shí)段，但 since詞組表示的時(shí)段一直延續(xù)到說(shuō)話的時(shí) 亥因而往往要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。而 after?詞組所表示的時(shí)段純系過(guò)去，因而要與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。例如：IhaverTtheardfromhimsincelastsumme匚Afterfivedaystheboycameback?in,afterin與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，表示“過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。 After與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，后面只能跟表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。 After與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)， 后面才能跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。 例如：Hewillbebackintwomonths.Hewillarriveafterfouro'clock.Hereturnedafteramonth.(2)表示地點(diǎn)的介詞at,in,onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范闔之內(nèi)；on往往表示“在某個(gè)物體的表面”。例如：TheyarrivedinShanghaiyesterday.Theyarrivedatasmallvillagebeforedark.Thereisabigholeinthewall.Theteacherputupapictureonthewall.over,above,onover,on和above都可表示"在上面"，但具體含義不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反義詞是under。above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反義詞是below□On旨兩個(gè)物體表面接觸，一個(gè)在另一的上面。例如：Thereisabridgeovertheriver.Weflewabovetheclouds.Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher'sdes?kacross,throughacross和through均可表示"從這一邊到另一邊“，但用法不同。 Across的含義與on有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行。 Through的含義與 in有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作是在三維空間進(jìn)行。 例如：Thedogranacrossthegrass.Theboyswamacrosstherive匚Theywalkedthroughtheforest.Ipushedthroughthecrowds.

infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof表示"在某人或某物的前面”，在某個(gè)范圍以外；in(hefrontof表示"在 的前部"，在某個(gè)范闈 以內(nèi)。例如： Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding?Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.3.1)介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配listento,laughat,getto,lookforwaitfor,hearfrom,turnon,