大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題試卷A卷

2009年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題試卷(A卷)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOntheImportanceofaName.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.有人說(shuō)名字或名稱(chēng)很重要也有人覺(jué)得名字或名稱(chēng)無(wú)關(guān)緊要我認(rèn)為OntheImportanceofaNamePartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.HelicopterMomsvs.Free-RangeKidsWouldyouletyourfourth-graderridepublictransportationwithoutanadult?Probablynot.Still,whenLenoreSkenazy,acolumnistfortheNewYorkSun,wroteaboutlettinghersontakethesubwayalonetogetbacktoherManhattanhomefromadepartmentstoreontheUpperEastSide,shedidn texpecttogethitw’ithawaveofcriticismfromreaders.“Longstoryshort:Mysongothome,overjoyedwithindependence, ”SkenazywroteNoenwAYproilrk4Sinutnh.e“Longstorylonger:HalfthepeopleI ’vetoldthisepisodetonowwantftortuchrnildonabinuse.Asifkeepingkidsunderlockandkeyandcellphoneandcarefulwatchistherightwaytorearkids.It’nsot.It’dsebilitating(使虛弱)—forusandforthem.”O(jiān)nlinemessageboardsweresoonfullofpeoplebothapplaudingandcondemningSkenazy’sdecisiontolethersongoitalone.ShewoundupdefendingherselfonCNN(accompaniedbyherson)andonpopularblogsliketheBuffingtonPost,whereherfollow-uppiecewasironicallyheadlined “MoreFromAmerica’sWorstMom.”Theepisodehasignitedanotheroneofthosedebatesthatdividesparentsintovocalopposingcamps.AreModernparentsneedlesslyoverprotective,oristheworldamorecomplicatedanddangerousplacethanitwaswhenpreviousgenerationswereallowedtowanderaboutunsupervised?Fromthe“she’ansirresponsiblemother”campcame:“Shameonyouforbeingsocarelessabouthissafety,in”CommentsontheBuffingtonPost.Andtherewasthisfromamotheroffour: “Howwouldyouhavefeltifhedidncomehome?”ButSkenazygotalotofsupport,too,withwomenandmenwritinginwithstoriesabouthowtheywereallowedtotaketripsallbythemselvesatsevenoreight.Shealsogotheapsofpraiseforbuckingthe“helicopterparent”trend:“GoodforthisMom,”onecommenterwroteontheBuffingtonPost.“Thisisamuch-neededrealitycheck.”Lastweek,encouragedbyalltheattention,Skenazystartedherownblog—FreeRange,kids—promotingtheideathatmodernchildrenneedsomeofthesameindependencethathergenerationhad.Inthegoodolddaysnine-year-oldbabyboomersrodetheirbikestoschool,walkedtothestore,tookbuses—andevensubways—allbythemselves.Herblog,shesays,isdedicatedtosensibleparenting. “AtFreeRangeKids,webelieveinsaiefevekiidnsc.aWresebaetlsandsafetybelts.WedoNOTbelievethateverytimeschool-agechildrengooutside,theyneedasecurityguard. ”Sowhyaresomeparentssonervousaboutlettingtheirchildrenoutoftheirsight?Arecitiesandtownslesssafeandkidsmorevulnerabletocrimeslikechildkidnapandsexualabusethantheywereinpreviousgenerations?Notexactly.NewYorkCity,forinstance,issaferthanit ’severbeen;it’sranked36thincrimeamongalcities.Nationwide,stringerkidnapsareextremelyrare;there ’-ins-aa-monilleionchanceachildwillbetakenbyastranger,accordingtotheJusticeDepartment.And90percentofsexualabusecasesarecommittedbysomeonethechildknows.Mortalityratesfromallcauses,includingdiseaseandaccidents,forAmericanchildrenarelowernowthantheywere25years’ago.AccordingtoChildTrends,anonprofitresearchgroup,between1980and2003deathratesdroppedby44percentforchildrenaged5to14and32percentforteensaged15to19.Thenthere’sthewholequestionofwhethermodernparentsaremorewatchfulandnervousaboutsafetythanpreviousgenerations.Yes,someare.PartoftheproblemisthatwithwalltowallInternetandcablenews,everymissingchildcasegetssomuchairtimethatit’nsotsurprisingevennormalparentalanxietycanbeamplified.Andmanymiddle-classparentshavegottenusedtomanagingtheirchildren’timseandshuttlingthemtovariousenrichingactivities,sotheideaoflettingthemoutontheirowncanseemlikearisk.Backin1972,whenmanyoftoday’sparentswerekids,87percentofchildrenwholivedwithinamileofschoolwalkedorbikedeveryday.Buttoday,theCentersforDiseaseControlreportthatonly13percentofchildrenbike,walkorotherwisetthemselvestoschool.Theextrasupervisionisbothacityandasuburbphenomenon.Parentsareworriedaboutcrime,andtheyareworriedaboutkidsgettingcaughtintrafficinacitythat ’snotusedtopedestrians.Onthearoethsetirllhpalenndt,ythoefrekidswhoseparentsgivethemalotofindependence,bychoiceorbynecessity.TheAfterSchoolAlliancefindsthatmorethan14millionkidsaged5to17areresponsiblefortakingcareofthemselvesafterschool.Only6.5millionkidsparticipateinorganizedprograms. “Manychildrenwhohaveworkingparentshavetotakethesubwayorbustogettoschool.Manydothisbythemselvesbecausetheyhavenootherwaytogettotheschools, ”sayGallagher,directoroftheParentingInstituteattheNewYorkUniversityChildStudyCenter.Forthoseparentswhowonderhowandwhentheyshouldstartallowingtheirkidsmorefreedom,there -cut ’answer.Childexpertsdiscourageaone-size-fits-allapproachtoparenting.What’srightforSkenazy -y’easr-noilndecouldbeinappropriateforanotherone.Italldependsondevelopmentalissue,maturity,andthepsychologicalandemotionalmakeupofthatchild.Severalfactorsmustbetakenintoaccount,saysGallagher.“Theabilitytofollowparentguidelines,thechild ’slevelofcomfortinhandlingsuchsituations,andachild ’sgeneraljudweighed.”GallagheragreeswithSkenazythatmanynine-year-oldsarereadyforindependenceliketakingpublictransportationalone.“Atcertaintimesoftheday,oncertainroutes,thesubwaysaregenerallysafeforthesechildren,especiallyiftheyhavegrownupinthecityandhavebeentaughthowtobesafe,howtoobtainhelpiftheyareconcernedfortheirsafety,andhowtoavoidunsafesituationsbybeingwatchfulandontheirtoes. ”Butevenwithmoretrafficandfewersidewalks,modernparentsdohaveoneadvantagetheirparentsdidnphone.Beingabletocheckinwithachildanytimegoesalongwaytowardrelievingparentalanxietyandmayhelpparentsloosentheircontrolalittlesooner.Skenazygotalotofcriticismbecauseshedidn ’tgivehbecauseshethoughthe’dloseitandwantedhimtolearntogoitalonewithoutdependingmoonm—amajorprincipleoffree-rangeparenting.Butmostparentsaremorethanhappytousecellphonestokeeptrackoftheirkids.Andforthosewholiketheideaoffree-rangekidsbutstillstrugglewiththeirinnerhelicopterparent,theremaybeamiddleway.AnewgenerationofGPScellphoneswithtrackingsoftwaremakeiteasierthanevertofollowachildeverymovementviatheInternet—withoutseemingtointerfereorhover.Ofcourse,whentheygotocollege,theymightstartobjectingtobeingmonitoredasthey’praerolne（假釋?zhuān)?注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。WhenLenoreSkenazy’ssonwasallowedtotakethesubwayalone,he.wasafraidthathemightgetlostenjoyedhavingtheindependencewasonlytoopleasedtotaketheriskthoughthewasanexceptionalchildLenoreSkenazybelievesthatkeepingkidsundercarefulwatchhinderstheirhealthygrowthaddstoomuchtoparents’expensesshowstraditionalparentalcautionbucksthelatestparentingtrendSkenazy’sdecistionlethersontaketheSubwayalonehasnetwith.oppositionfromherownfamilyshareparentingexperiencefightagainstchildabuseprotectchildren’srightsSmotesensibleparentingshareparentingexperiencefightagainstchildabuseprotectchildren’srightsAccordingtotheauthor,NewYorkCity.rankshighinroadaccidentsismuchsafethanbeforerankslowinchildmortalityratesislessdangerousthansmallcitiesParentstodayaremorenervousabouttheirkids ’safetythanpreviousgenerationsbecause.therearenowfewerchildreninthefamilythenumberoftrafficaccidentshasbeenincreasingtheirfearisamplifiedbymediaexposureofcrimecrimerateshavebeenontheriseovertheyearsAccordingtochildexperts,howandwhenkidsmaybeallowedmorefreedomdependson.thetraditionsandcustomsofthecommunitythesafetyconditionsoftheirneighborhoodtheirparents’psyicahlomloagkeuptheirmaturityandpersonalqualitiesAccordingtoGallagherandSkenazy,childrenwhoarewatchfulwillbebetterabletostayawayfrom.Beingabletofindoutwhereachildisanytimehelpslessenparents ’.NowadayswiththehelpofGPScellphones,parentscan,fromadistance,tracktheirchildrenPartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatsaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA)B)C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。A)Fredforgottocallhimlastnightaboutthecampingtrip.HeisnotgoingtolendhissleepingbagtoFred.HehasnotseenFredatthegymforsometime.Fredmayhaveborrowedasleepingbagfromsomeoneelse.A)Summerhasbecomehotterinrecentyears.Itwillcooldownabitovertheweekend.Swimminginapoolhasarelaxingeffect.Hehopestheweatherforecastisaccurate.A)TakingapictureofProf.Brown.Commentingonanoil-painting.HostingaTVprogram.Stagingaperformance.A)Shecanhelpthemantakecareoftheplants.Mostplantsgrowbetterindirectsunlight.Theplantsneedtobewateredfrequently.Theplantsshouldbeplacedinashadyspot.A)Changetoamoreexcitingchannel.Seethemoviesomeothertime.Gotobedearly.Stayuptilleleven.A)Bothofthemarelaymenofmodernart.Shehasbeamedtoappreciatemodemsculptures.Italianartists’worksaredifficulttounderstand.Modernartistsaregenerallyconsideredweird.A)Theyseemsatisfiedwithwhattheyhavedone.Theyhavecalledallclubmemberstocontribute.Theythinkthedaycanbecalledamemorableone.Theyfindithardtoraisemoneyforthehospital.A)Themanshouldn’theetsoittaatkethecourse.Themanshouldtalkwiththeprofessorfirst.Thecourseisn’topentoundergraduates.Thecoursewillrequirealotofreading.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Currenttrendsineconomicdevelopment.Domesticissuesofgeneralsocialconcern.StoriesaboutBritain ’srelationswithothernations.Conflictsandcompromisesamongpoliticalparties.A)Basedonthepollofpublicopinions.Byinterviewingpeoplewhofilecomplaints.Byanalyzingthedomesticandinternationalsituation.Basedonpublicexpectationsandeditors ’judgment.A)Underlyingrulesofediting.Practicalexperience.Audience’sfeedback.Professionalqualifications.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Theaveragelifespanwaslessthan50years.Itwasverycommonforthemtohave12children.Theyretiredfromworkmuchearlierthantoday.Theywerequiteoptimisticabouttheirfuture.A)Getreadyforecologicalchanges.Adapttothenewenvironment.Learntousenewtechnology.Explorewaystostayyoung.A)Whenallwomengoouttowork.Whenfamilyplanningisenforced..Whenaworldgovernmentissetup.Whenallpeoplebecomewealthier.A)Eliminatepovertyandinjustice.Migratetootherplanets.Controltheenvironment.Findinexhaustibleresources.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicemarkedA)B)C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Tohelpyoungpeopleimprovetheirdrivingskills.Toalertteenagerstothedangersofrecklessdriving.Toteachyoungpeopleroadmannersthroughvideotapes.Toshowteensthepenaltiesimposedoncarelessdrivers.A)Roadaccidents.Streetviolence.Drugabuse.Lungcancer.A)Ithaschangedteens ’wayoflife.Ithasmadeteensfeellikeadults.C)Ithasaccomplisheditsobjective.D)Ithasbeensupportedbyparents.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Customersmaygetaddictedtothesmells.Customersmaybemisledbythesmells.Ithidesthedefectsofcertaingoods.Itgivesrisetounfaircompetition.A)Flexible.Critical.Supportive.Cautious.sdesiretobuy.A)Theflowerscentstimulatedpeoplesdesiretobuy.Strongersmellshadgreatereffectsonconsumers.Mostshoppershatedthesmalltheshoestore.84%ofthecustomerswereunawareofthesmells.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Agoodstrainhitabuscarryingmanypassengers.Twopassengertrainscrashedintoeachother.Apassengertraincollidedwithagoodstrain.Anexpresstrainwasderailedwhenhitbyabomb.A)Therescueoperationshavenotbeenveryeffective.Morethan300injuredpassengerswerehospitalized.Thecauseofthetragicaccidentremainsunknown.D)Theexactcasualtyfiguresarenotyetavailable.A)Therewasabombscare.Therewasaterroristattack.Afirealarmwassetoffbymistake.50poundsofexplosiveswerefound.35.A)Followpolicemen'sdirections.B)Keepaneyeontheweather.C)Avoidsnow-coveredroads.D)Drivewithspecialcare.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtof川intheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡 2上作答。Englishistheleadinginternationallanguage.Indifferentcountriesaroundtheglobe,Englishisacquiredasthemother(36) ,inothersit'susedasasecondlanguage.SomenationsuseEnglishastheir(37)language,performingthefunctionof(38) :inothersit'susedasaninternationallanguageforbusiness,39)andindustry.Whatfactorsandforceshaveledtothe(40) ofEnglish?WhyisEnglishnowconsideredtobesoprestigiousthat,acrosstheglobe,individualsandsocietiesfeel(41) iftheydonothave(42) inthislanguage?HowhasEnglishchangedthrough1,500Years?Thesearesomeofthequestionsthatyou(43) .whenyoustudyEnglish.YoualsoexaminetheimmensevariabilityofEnglishand(44) .Youdevelopin-depthknowledgeoftheintricatestructureofthelanguage.Whydosomenon-nativespeakersofEnglishclaimthatit 'sadifficultlanguagetolearn,while(45) ?AttheUniversityofSussex,youareintroducedtothenatureandgrammarofEnglishinallaspects.Thisinvolvesthestudyofsoundstructures,theformationofwords,thesequencingwordsandtheconstructionofmeaning,aswellasexaminationofthetheoriesexplainingtheseaspectsofEnglishusage.(46)一,whichareraisedbystudyinghowspeakersandwritersemployEnglishforawidevarietyofpurposes.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThereisnothingnewaboutTVandfashionmagazinesgivinggirlsunhealthyideasabouthowthintheyneedtobeinordertobeconsideredbeautiful.WhatissurprisingisthemethodpsychologistsattheUniversityofTexashavecomeupwithtokeepgirlsfromdevelopingeatingdisorders.Theirmainweaponagainstsuperskinny(role)models:abrandofcivildisobediencedubbed “bodyactivism.”Since2001,morethan1,000highschoolandcollegestudentsintheU.S.haveparticipatedintheBodyProject,whichworksbygettinggirlstounderstandhowtheyhavebeenbuyingintothenotionthatyouhavetobethintobehappyorsuccessful.Aftercritiquing(評(píng)論)theso-calledthinidealbywritingessaysandrole-playingwiththeirpeers,participantsaredirectedtocomeupwithandexecutesmall,nonviolentacts.Theyincludeslippingnotessayingyourbodythewayitis”intodietingbooksatstoreslikeBordersandwritingletterstoMattel,makersoftheimpossiblyproportionedBarbiedoll.AccordingtoastudyinthelatestissueoftheJournalofConsultingandClinicalPsychology,theriskofdevelopingeatingdisorderswasreduced61%amongBodyProjectparticipants.Andtheycontinuedtoexhibitpositivebody-imageattitudesaslongasthreeyearsaftercompletingtheprogram,whichconsists,offourone-hoursessions.Suchlastingeffectsmaybeduetogirlsr’ealizingnotonlyhowtheywerebeinginfluencedbutalsowhowasbenefitingfromthesocietalpressuretobethin. “Thesepeoplewhopromotetheperfectbodyreallydon ’tcaryouatall,”saysKelseyHertel,ahighschooljuniorandBodyProjectveteraninEugene,Oregon.makeyoufeellikelessofapersonsoyou ’llbuytheirstuffandthey ’llmakemoney.”注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。Weredogirlsgetthenotionthattheyneedtobethininordertobeconsideredbeautiful?Bypromoting“bodyactivism,”UniversityofTexaspsychologistsaimtoprevent.Accordingtotheauthor,Mattel’sBarbiedollsare.ThepositiveeffectsoftheBodyProjectmaylastupto.OneBodyProjectparticipantsaysthattherealmotiveofthosewhopromotetheperfectbodyisto.SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forhundredsofmillionsofyears,turtles(海龜)havestruggledoutoftheseatolaytheireggsonsandybeaches,longbeforetherewerenaturedocumentariestocelebratethem,orGPSsatellitesandmarinebiologiststotrackthem,orvolunteerstohand-carrythehatchlings(幼龜)downtothewater’sedgelesttheybecomedisorientedbyheadlightsandcrawltowardsamotelparkinglotinstead.AformidablewallofbureaucracyhasbeenerectedtoprotecttheirprimenestingontheAtlanticcoastlines.Withallthatattentionpaidtothem,you ’dthinkthesecreaturhavethegratitudenottogoextinct.ButNatureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness,andareportbytheFishandWildlifeServiceshowedaworrisomedropinthepopulationsofseveralspeciesofNorthAtlanticturtles,notablyloggerheads,whichcangrowtoasmuchas400pounds.TheSouthFloridanestingpopulation,thelargest,hasdeclinedby50%inthelastdecade,accordingtoElizabethGriffin,amarinebiologistwiththeenvironmentalgroupOceana.ThefigurespromptedOceanatopetitionthegovernmenttoupgradethelevelofprotectionfortheNorthAtlanticloggerheadsfrom“endangered”—meaningtheyareindangerofdisappearingwithoutadditionalhelp.Whichraisestheobviousquestion:whatelsedotheseturtleswantfromus,anyway?Itturnsout,accordingtoGriffin,thatwhilewehavedoneagoodjobofprotectingtheturtlesfortheweekstheyspendonland(asegg-layingfemales,aseggsandashatchlings),wehaveneglectedtheyearsspendintheocean. “ThethreatisfromcommercialsaysGriffin.Trawlers(whichdraglargenetsthroughthewaterandalongtheoceanfloor)andlonglinefishers(whichcandeploythousandsofhooksonlinesthatcanstretchformiles)takeaheavytollonturtles.Ofcourse,likeeveryotherenvironmentalissuetoday,thisisplayingoutagainstthebackgroundofglobalwarmingandhumaninterferencewithnaturalecosystems.Thenarrowstripsofbeachonwhichtheturtleslaytheireggsarebeingsqueezedononesidebydevelopmentandontheotherbythethreatofrisingsealevelsastheoceanswarm.Ultimatelywemustgetahandleonthoseissuesaswell,oracreaturethatoutlivedthedinosaurs(恐龍)willmeetitsendatthehandsofhumans,leavingourdescendantstowonderhowcreaturesouglycouldhavewonsomuchaffection.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthat.humanactivitieshavechangedthewayturtlessurviveeffortshavebeenmadetoprotectturtlesfromdyingoutgovernmentbureaucracyhascontributedtoturtles ’extinctionmarinebiologistsarelookingforthesecretofturtles’reproductionWhatdoestheauthormeanby “Natureisindifferenttohumannotionsoffairness ”(Line1,Para.2)?Natureisquitefairregardingthesurvivalofturtles.Turtlesarebynatureindifferenttohumanactivities.Thecourseofnaturewillnotbechangedbyhumaninterference.Theturtlepopulationhasdecreasedinspiteofhumanprotection.WhatconstitutesamajorthreattothesurvivalofturtlesaccordingtoElizabethGriffin?Theirinadequatefoodsupply.Unregulatedcommercialfishing.Theirlowerreproductivelyability.ContaminationofseawaterHowdoesglobalwarmingaffectthesurvivalofturtles?Itthreatensthesandybeachesonwhichtheylayeggs.Thechangingclimatemakesitdifficultfortheireggstohatch.Therisingsealevelsmakeitharderfortheirhatchlingstogrow.Ittakesthemlongertoadapttothehighbeachtemperature.Thelastsentenceofthepassageismeantto.persuadehumanbeingstoshowmoreaffectionforturtlesstressthateventhemostuglyspeciesshouldbeprotectedcallforeffectivemeasurestoensureseaturtles ’survivalwarnourdescendantsabouttheextinctionofspeciesPassageTwoQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Therearefewmoresoberingonlineactivitiesthanenteringdataintocollege-tuitioncalculatorsandgaspingastheWebspitsbackasix-figuresum.Buteconomistssayfamiliesabouttogointodebttofundfouryearsofpartying,aswellasstudying,canconsolethemselveswiththeknowledgethatcollegeisaninvestmentthat,unlikemanybankstocks,shouldyieldhugedividends.A2008studybytwoHarvardeconomistsnotesthatthe“l(fā)abo-rmarketpremiumtoskill”—ortheamountcollegegraduatesearnedthat’sgreaterthanwhathi-gshchoolgraduateearned—decreasedformuchofthe20thcentury,buthascomebackwithavengeance(報(bào)復(fù)性地)sincethe1980s.In2005,Thetypicalfull-timeyear-roundU.S.workerwithafour-yearcollegedegreeearned$50,900,62%morethanthe$31,500earnedbyaworkerwithonlyahigh-schooldiploma.There’snoquestionthatgoingtocollegeisasmarteconomicchoice.Butalookatthestrangevariationsintuitionrevealsthatthechoiceaboutwhichcollegetoattenddoesn’tcomedownmerelytodollarsandcents.DoesgoingtoColumbiaUniversity(tuition,roomandboard$49,260in2007-08)yielda40%greaterreturnthanattendingtheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderasanout-of-statestudent($35,542)?Probablynot.Doesbeinganout-of-statestudentattheUniversityofColoradoatBoulderyieldtwicetheamountofincomeasbeinganin-statestudent($17,380)there?Notlikely.No,inthisconsumeristage,mostbuyersaren’etvaluatingcollegeasaninvestment,butratherasaconsumerproduct—likeacarorclothesorahouse.Andwithsuchpurchases,priceisonlyoneofmanycrucialfactorstoconsider.Aswithautomobiles,consumersintoday ’scollegemarketplacehavevastchoices,andpeoplesearchfortheonethatgivesthemthemostcomfortandsatisfactioninlinewiththeirbudgets.Thisaccountsforthewillingnessofpeopletopaymorefordifferenttypesofexperiences(suchasattendingaprivateliberal-artscollegeorgoingtoanout-of-statepublicschoolthathasagreatmarine-biologyprogram).Andjustastwoautopurchasersmightspendanequalamountofmoneyonverydifferentcars,collegestudents(or,moreaccurately,theirparents)oftenshowawillingnesstopayessentiallythesamepriceforvastlydifferentproducts.Sowhichisit?Iscollegeaninvestmentproductlikeastockoraconsumerproductlikeacar?Inkeepingwiththeautomotiveworld’hsottestconsumertrend,maybeit’bsesttocharacterizeitasahybrid(混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē) );anexpensiveconsumerproductthat,overtime,willpayrichdividends.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。What’stheopinionofeconomistsaboutgoingtocollege?A)Hugeamountsofmoneyisbeingwastedoncampussocializing.B)Itdoesn’tpaytorunintodebttoreceiveacollegdeuecation.C)Collegeeducationisrewardinginspiteofthestartlingcosts.D)Goingtocollegedoesn’tnecessarilybringtheexpectedreturns.ThetwoHarvardeconomistsnoteintheirstudythat,formuchofthe20thcentury,.A)enrollmentkeptdecreasinginvirtuallyallAmericancollegesanduniversitiesB)thelabormarketpreferredhigh-schooltocollegegraduatescompetitionforuniversityadmissionswasfarmorefiercethantodaythegapbetweentheearningsofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduatesnarrowed59.Studentswhoattendanin-statecollegeoruniversitycan.savemoreontuitionreceiveabettereducationtakemoreliberal-artscoursesD)avoidtravelinglongdistances60.Inthisconsumeristage,mostparents.A)regardcollegeeducationasawiseinvestmentB)placeapremiumontheprestigeoftheCollegeC)thinkitcrucialtosendtheirchildrentocollegeconsidercollegeeducationaconsumerproductWhatis