專升本英語(閱讀理解)模擬試卷含答案和解析

專升本英語（閱讀理解）模擬試卷1

閱讀理解

Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofamillimeter;apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallytwotofourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thus,ifyouenlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofapinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile(1.6kilometers)tall.

Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecanseethatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking\

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?(A)

A.Rod-shapedbacteriaaregenerallylargerthanroundedones.

B.Ifweenlargedarod-shapedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldstillbesmallerthanapinhead.

C.Ifoneusedamicroscopewithamagnificationof100times,hecanseethestructureofabacteriumclearly.

D.Watermoleculesmovesoquicklythatabacteriumcannotmoveinthewater.

解析：根據(jù)文中第一段“Rod—shapedbacteriaareusuallytwotofourmicronslong，whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter”，可明顯得出rod-shapedbacteria比roundedbacteria要大，故A正確。

2.Accordingtothepassage,onewhoexaminesbacteriawithanordinarymicroscope,usingamagnificationof100timeswillsee______.(A)

A.tinyrods

B.stains

C.wavy-lookinghairs

D.detailedstructures

解析：根據(jù)文中第二段前兩句“Usingamagnificationof100times，onefindsthatbacteriaayebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots”，故選A。

3.Theenvironmentaroundbacteriaisalwayschangingbecause______.(A)

A.moleculesaroundbacteriamoveveryfast

B.thewaterisasthickasmolasses

C.thereisalargenumberofmoleculesaroundbacteria

D.newbacteriaalwaysreplacetheoldones

解析：根據(jù)文章第三段“Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesaroundabacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones”，故選A。

4.Theauthorcompareswatertomolassesinordertoshow______.(A)

A.howdifficultitisforbacteriatomovethroughthewater

B.howdifferentthebacterialworldisfromthehumanworld

C.howthewatermoleculeswork

D.whatdifferentbacteriaoneliquidcontainsfromanother

解析：由文章第三段前三句可知作者將水比作糖漿是為了說明“水對于細(xì)菌來說就相當(dāng)于糖漿對于人類一樣稠，所以細(xì)菌在水中運(yùn)動起來就很困難”，故選A。

5.Therelationshipbetweenabacteriumanditsflagellaismostsimilartowhichofthefollowing?(D)

A.Aflagattachedtoastick.

B.Acowboyonthecow’sback.

C.Adoorclosedbyanaughtyboy.

D.Aboatpushedbythemotor.

解析：根據(jù)文章第二段最后幾句“…somebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy—looking‘hairs’calledflagella…Theflagellarotate，pushingthebacteriathroughthewater。”可知D更確切。

Thereisnodenyingthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingabouthowcomputerswork,justasweexpectthematleasttounderstandthattheinternal-combustionengine(內(nèi)燃機(jī))hassomethingtodowithburningfuel,expandinggasesandpistonsbeingdrive.Forpeopleshouldhavesomebasicideaofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo.Further,studentsmightbehelpedbyacoursethatconsidersthecomputer'simpactonsociety.Butthatisnotwhatismeantbycomputerliteracy.Forcomputerliteracyisnotaformofliteracy(讀寫能力);itisatradeskillthatshouldnotbetaughtasaliberalart.

Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowtoprogramonearetwodistinctactivities.Acasemightbemadethatthecompetentcitizensoftomorrowshouldfreethemselvesfromtheirfearofcomputers.Butthisisquitedifferentfromsayingthatalloughttoknowhowtoprogramone.Leavethattopeoplewhohavechosenprogrammingasacareer,whileprogrammingcanbelotsoffun,andwhileoursocietyneedssomepeoplewhoareexpertsatit,thesameistrueofautorepairandviolin-making.

Learninghowtousecomputerisnotthatdifficult,anditgetseasierallthetimeasprogramsbecomemore\

6.Tobethecompetentcitizensoftomorrow,peopleshould_________.(C)

A.trytolayasolidfoundationincomputerscience

B.beawareofhowthethingsthattheyusedowhattheydo

C.learntouseacomputerbyacquiringacertainsetofskills

D.understandthatprogrammingacomputerismoreessentialthanrepairingacar

解析：根據(jù)第二段Learninghowtouseacomputerandlearninghowtoprogramonearetwodistinctactivities．Acasemightbemadethatthecompetentcitizensoftomorrowshouldfreethemselvesfromtheirfearofcomputers．可知C正確。

7.Inthesecondparagraph\(D)

A.programmingacomputerisasinterestingasmakingaviolin

B.oursocietyneedsexpertsindifferentfields

C.violin-makingrequiresasmanyskillsascomputerprogramming

D.peoplewhocanuseacomputerdon’tnecessarilyhavetoknowcomputerprogram

解析：thesameistrueofautorepairandviolin—making．在這里用autorepair和violin-making分別指代使用電腦和懂得編程的人。

8.Learningtouseacomputerisgettingeasierallthetimebecause________.(B)

A.programsarebecominglesscomplicated

B.programsaredesignedtobeconvenienttousers

C.programmingisbecomingeasierandeasier

D.programsarebecomingreadilyavailabletocomputerusers

解析：Learninghowtousecomputerisnotthatdifficult，anditgetseasierallthetimeasprogramsbecomemore“user-friendly”．此題的關(guān)鍵是理解“user-friendly”的意思，“對用戶友好的，容易使用的”。故選B。

9.Accordingtotheauthor,thephrase\(C)

A.asetofrules

B.thefundamentalofcomputerscience

C.specificprograms

D.generalprinciplesofprogramming

解析：由文章最后一句Onecanonlyteachpeopletousethisorthatprogramandgenerallythatiseasilyaccomplished．可知選C。

10.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageis________.(B)

A.tostresstheimpactofthecomputeronsociety

B.toexplaintheconceptofcomputerliteracy

C.toillustratetherequirementforbeingcompetentcitizensoftomorrow

D.toemphasizethatcomputerprogrammingisaninterestingandchallengingjob

解析：通讀全文可知，作者主要講述的是使用計算機(jī)能力的一些內(nèi)容，A、C、D所述均不正確，只有B項是作者的寫作目的所在。

Bacteriaareextremelysmalllivingthings.Whilewemeasureourownsizesininchesorcentimeters,bacterialsizeismeasuredinmicrons.Onemicronisathousandthofamillimeter;apinheadisaboutamillimeteracross.Rod-shapedbacteriaareusuallytwotofourmicronslong,whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter.Thus,ifyouenlargedaroundedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldbejustaboutthesizeofapinhead.Anadulthumanmagnifiedbythesameamountwouldbeoveramile(1.6kilometers)tall.

Evenwithanordinarymicroscope,youmustlookcloselytoseebacteria.Usingamagnificationof100times,onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots.Onecannotmakeoutanythingoftheirstructure.Usingspecialstains,onecanseethatsomebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy-looking\

11.Therelationshipbetweenabacteriumanditsflagellaismostsimilartowhichofthefollowing?(D)

A.Aflagattachedtoastick.

B.Acowboyonthecow’sback.

C.Adoorclosedbyanaughtyboy.

D.Aboatpushedbythemotor.

解析：根據(jù)文章第二段最后幾句“…somebacteriahaveattachedtothemwavy—looking‘hairs’calledflagella…Theflagellarotate，pushingthebacteriathroughthewater．”可知D更確切。

12.Theauthorcompareswatertomolassesinordertoshow________.(A)

A.howdifficultitisforbacteriatomovethroughthewater

B.howdifferentthebacterialworldisfromthehumanworld

C.howthewatermoleculeswork

D.whatdifferentbacteriaoneliquidcontainsfromanother

解析：由文章第三段前三句可知作者將水比作糖漿是為了說明“水對于細(xì)菌來說就相當(dāng)于糖漿對于人類一樣稠，所以細(xì)菌在水中運(yùn)動起來就很困難”，故選A。

13.Theenvironmentaroundbacteriaisalwayschangingbecause________.(A)

A.moleculesaroundbacteriamoveveryfast

B.thewaterisasthickasmolasses

C.thereisalargenumberofmoleculesaroundbacteria

D.newbacteriaalwaysreplacetheoldones

解析：根據(jù)文章第三段“Moleculesmovesorapidlythatwithinatenthofasecondthemoleculesaroundabacteriumhaveallbeenreplacedbynewones”，故選A。

14.Accordingtothepassage,onewhoexaminesbacteriawithanordinarymicroscope,usingamagnificationof100timeswillsee________.(A)

A.tinyrods

B.stains

C.wavy-lookinghairs

D.detailedstructures

解析：根據(jù)文中第二段前兩句“Usingamagnificationof100times，onefindsthatbacteriaarebarelyvisibleastinyrodsordots”，故選A。

15.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?(A)

A.Rod-shapedbacteriaaregenerallylargerthanroundedones.

B.Ifweenlargedarod-shapedbacteriumathousandtimes,itwouldstillbesmallerthanapinhead.

C.Ifoneusedamicroscopewithamagnificationof100times,hecanseethestructureofabacteriumclearly.

D.Watermoleculesmovesoquicklythatabacteriumcannotmoveinthewater.

解析：根據(jù)文中第一段“Rod—shapedbacteriaareusuallytwotofourmicronslong，whileroundedonesaregenerallyonemicronindiameter”，可明顯得出rod—shapedbacteria比roundedbacteria要大，故A正確。

Itisveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateaboutdiversity(多樣化)istakingplace.Itistakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles.HereattheCollegeFund,wehavealotofcontactwithtopcorporate(公司的)leaders:noneofthemistalkingaboutgettingridofthoseinstrumentsthatproducediversity.Infact,theysaythatiftheircompaniesaretocompeteintheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace,diversityisanimperative.Theyalsosaythattheneedfortalented,skilledAmericansmeanswehavetoexpandthepoolofpotentialemployees.Andinlookingatwherebirthratearegrowingandatwherethepopulationisshifting,corporateAmericaunderstandsthatexpandingthepoolmeanspromotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities,morewomen,andmoreimmigrants.Corporateleadersknowthatifthatdoesn'toccurinoursociety,theywillnothavetheengineers,thescientists,thelawyers,orthebusinessmanagerstheywillneed.

Likewise,Idon'thearpeopleintheacademysaying,\

16.Accordingtothepassage,diversitycanbeachievedinAmericansocietyby________.(D)

A.expandingthepoolofpotentialemployees

B.promotingthepoolofpotentialemployees

C.trainingmoreengineers,scientists,lawyersandbusinessmanagers

D.providingeducationforallregardlessofraceorsex

解析：根據(jù)文章意思Americaunderstandsthatexpandingthepoolmeanspromotingpoliciesthathelpprovideskillstomoreminorities，morewomen，andmoreimmigrants．因此D為正確選項。

17.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.(A)

A.meritocracycanneverberealizedwithoutdiversity

B.Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C.ItisunlikelythatdiversitywilloccurintheU.S.media

D.minoritiescanonlyenterthefieldswherenodebateisheardaboutdiversity

解析：根據(jù)文中第二段…whichwasnevertrue——weneverhadameritocracy，althoughwe’vecomeclosertoitinthelast30years．及后面的Nowallofusfeelthewayisbetterbecauseofthediversity．可知選A。

18.Highcorporateleadersseemtobeinfavorofpromotingdiversitysoasto________.(C)

A.lowertherateofunemployment

B.Americanpoliticalcircleswillnotacceptdiversity

C.becompetitiveintheworldmarket

D.satisfythedemandofagrowingpopulation

解析：根據(jù)文中第一段Infact，theysaythatiftheircompaniesaretocompeteintheglobalvillageandintheglobalmarketplace，diversityisanimperative．可知公司要在市場上更具競爭力就要注意多樣化發(fā)展，故C正確。

19.Whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplestilldifferintheirviewsondiversity?(B)

A.Minorities.

B.Politicians.

C.Professors.

D.Managers.

解析：根據(jù)文中前兩句Itisveryinterestingtonotewherethedebateaboutdiversity(多樣化)istakingplace．Itistakingplaceprimarilyinpoliticalcircles．可知對多樣化的討論多發(fā)生在政界，所以應(yīng)該是政客談?wù)摰妮^多。故選B。

20.Theword\(D)

A.superficial

B.remarkable

C.debatable

D.essential

解析：根據(jù)文中具體語言環(huán)境可知該詞的意思為“必需的，不可缺少的”，故選D。

Honeybeescannotlivealone.Theirbodystructureandinstinctsequipthemforlifeinacolonyorcommunity,wheretheyhaveacomplexsocialorganizationandthevariousdutiesaredividedamongtheindividualsaccordingtophysicalfitnessandage.Anindividualworkerbeecannotproduceitself.Whileitmaycontinuetoliveifforciblyisolatedfromitsmates,itfailstocareforitselfadequately,andsoondies.Mostinsectshavetheabilitytohibernateinwinter,butthehoneybeeseemstohavelostthis.Sinceatlowtemperaturesthebeewilldie,itmusthavetheabilitytomakeitsownenvironment,sofarastemperatureisconcerned.Thismakesacolonyisnecessarytothebeesinwinter,sothattheymaycollectivelywarmeachother.Efficiency,ifnotnecessarily,demandsthattheworkofthecolonybedivided,andsuchadivisionoflabortendstoenhancetheneedtomaintainthecolony.Thephysicalstructureofthehoneybeeisfurthersuitedforthedefenseoftheentirecolonyratherthanforitsowndefense.Thebee'sbarbedstingisusedonlyonceandismademoreeffectivebythefactthatitisleftbehindinthevictim.Withthelossofthesting,however,thebeedies.Thiskindofdefensiveweaponisnotofservicetotheindividual,buttothecommunity.

21.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthepassage?(A)

A.TheCommunalLifeofBees

B.TheStructureoftheBee

C.TheOrganizationofInsectColonies

D.TheLifeoftheSocialInsects

解析：根據(jù)文章最后內(nèi)容可知，文章闡述的是蜜蜂的群居生活。故A對。

22.Accordingtothepassage,thehoneybee’sstingisp