2021-2022學年廣東省揭陽市普寧市高一（下）期末英語試卷（附答案詳解）

2021-2022學年廣東省揭陽市普寧市高一（下）期末英語

試卷一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）AWherearePeopleTravelingThisSummer?Asummervacationshouldbethebesttravelofyouryear,anopportunitytoenjoysunshine,exploreexcitingnewdestinations,discovernewculturesandrelaxinfinerestaurants.Herearesomeofthewonderfulplacesyoucanflyforthissummervacation.Takealookatthemandconsiderwhichonesuitsyoubest.FlytoChicagoThereareplentyofreasonstofollowtheirexamplethissummerifyouarelookingforanexcitingcitybreak.VisitorsflocktoNavyPier,abustling1.5mile-longboardwalkthatisfulloffamily-friendlyattractions.FlytoLondonAtransatlantictriptothecapitaloftheUKbringsyoutoacitythatcombinesancienthistorywithalively,modemurbanculture.SummervisitorscanvisitBuckinghamPalace,hometotheQueen,theHousesofParliament,TowerofLondonandothernationalmonuments.FlytoOrlandoAtriptoOrlandothissummerbringsyoutoavacationwonderlandwithafantasticconcentrationoftouristattractions.ConsistentlyoneofthemostpopulardestinationsofthesummeritwillbeinthetoptentraveldestinationsforAmericansthisyear.Choosefromfamily-friendlyOrlandoresortsandthingstodothatincludeUniversalOrlandoResort,WaltDisneyWorldResortandSeaWorldOrlando.FlytoNewYorkSpendyoursummervacationcyclingaroundCentralPark,takingintheviewofManhattanfromtheferrytotheStatueofLibertyorenjoyingcraftbeerandeclecticcuisineinBrooklyn.Thesummerbringsmusicandfilmeventstomanyofthecity'spublicspaces,includingBryantPark,alongsidefoodeventslikeNYCRestaurantWeekattheendofJuly.FeelinglikevisitingBuckinghamPalace,whichplaceshouldyouflyto?A.Chicago.B.London. C.Orlando.D.NewYork.WhichofthefollowingcanNOTbedoneifyouflytoNewYork?CyclearoundCentralPark.TakeintheviewofManhattan.Choosefromfamily-friendlyOrlandoresorts.EnjoycraftbeerandeclecticcuisineinBrooklyn.Inwhichsectionofawebsitecanyoureadthetext?A.Citytoursandtips B.HobbiesoftheGermans.C.Lifearoundtheworld. D.Fashionontheearth.BParentseverywherearepraisingoneFloridamomaftersheshowedherdaughtertrueloveearlierthismonthinalessonaboutbeinggrateful.HaleyHasselwasshoppingfbrback-to-schoolsupplies.ShewantedtosurpriseherdaughterPresleighwithapencilcase,whichsheknewherdaughterwouldbehappyabout.Hasselwassurprised,however,whenherlittlegirlthrewthecaseinthegarbageandstormedintoherbedroom,slammingthedoorbehindher."Sheyelled,'That'sstupid.Everyoneinmyclasshasthat...Idon*twantitanymore!,MHasselexplainedinaFacebookpost.Hasselsaidshedidn'timmediatelyreactbecauseshewantedtodealwiththeangerproperly."Sobythetimetherewasprobablysmokecomingoutofmyears,IwastryingreallyhardnottocompletelyloseitwiththiskidwhomIhaveworkedsohardtocompletelytakecareofonmyown,'*shewrote."IthoughtIhadalwaystaughthertobegratefulandknowhowluckyshewas,!HHasselgrabbedaplasticsandwichbag,wrotePresleigh'snameonitandhandedittoher."Itoldhertogetthepencilcaseoutofthetrashandthatwewouldgiveittoonewhosemommyanddaddydon'thavemoneyforanyschoolsuppliesorsomeonewhomaynotevenhaveamommyordaddy.MShecontinued,UIexplainedtohershe'snotentitledto（享有）anythingspecialandsheistakingfbrgrantedhowluckysheis.Sofornowshewillbeusingabagandwillpersonallybedeliveringtheniceboxtoachildthatcouldbenefitfromit.*'WhatdidHassefsdaughterdoaftershereceivedthepencilcase?A.Putitintoherbaghappily. B.Threwthecaseinthegarbage.C.SentHasselagiftinreturn. D.HuggedandkissedHassel.WhatcanweinferfromtheHassefsexplanationsinaFacebookpost?Presleighwasastupid.Presleighhopedforsomethingspecial.Presleighhatedhermothersomuch.Presleighrefusedtoacceptanygiftthathermotherboughther.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceHbutsheneededasmallwakeupcal!"mean?Butsheneededtobuyhersomethingspecial.Butsheneededtocallherdaughtertowakeupeveryday.Butsheneededatimelyremindforherdaughtertobegrateful.Butsheneededtobuyheranalarmclocktowakeherupeveryday.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeHassel?A.Patientandcalm. B.Out-goingandactive.C.Funnyandbrave. D.Hardworkinganddetermined.cTheRussia-Ukraineconflict（俄烏沖突）couldleadtoaglobalfoodcrisis（危機）thatwillhitdevelopingcountriesthehardest,UnitedNations（UN）Secretary-GeneralAntonioGuterreswarnedinStockholmonWednesday.TheRussia-Ukraineconflictiscreatingsufferingand"mustendnow,'*Guterressaidatapressconferenceafterthemeeting.Healsocalledforswiftdecisionstoresolvethefoodcrisisthatcouldarisefromtheconflict,puttingdevelopingcountriesmostatrisk.Thesituationisfueling"aglobalcrisisforfood,energyandfinance"thatisaffecting"themostvulnerablepopulations,countriesandeconomies,"hewarned."A"perfectstorm1'isthreateningtodestroytheeconomiesofmanydevelopingcountries,*'headded.ThefoodcrisiscannotberesolvedeffectivelyunlessRussia'sfertilizersandfoodproduction,andUkraine'sfoodproductioncanreachworldmarketsagain,heemphasized.AccordingtotheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization（FAO）,RussiaandUkrainearetheworld'slargestandfifth-largestwheatexporters,respectively（分別地）.Together,theyprovide19percentoftheworld'sbarleysupply,!4percentofwheatand4percentofcom,makingupmorethanonethirdofglobalgrainexports.InUkraine,whichisknownasthebreadbasketofEurope,theconflicthasleftunharvestedwheatthatwasplantedmonthsago,whilecomsandsunflowerssown（播種）whentheconflictbrokeoutwereleftunfertilized.ltisestimatedthatUkraine'sgrainproductionmayfallbymorethan50percentinthecurrentseason.Moreover,Russiaistheleadingproduceroffertilizers,accountingfor13percentofglobalproduction.LimitingRussianfertilizerexportsduetotheUS'sanctions（制裁）hasledtoariseinglobalfertilizerprices.ThishasforcedfarmersinBrazil,theUnitedStatesandothermajoragriculturalcountriestoreducetheiruseoffertilizers,whichcouldaffectfutureharvests.WhatistheGuterres,attitudetowardsendingtheRussia-Ukraineconflict?A.Hesitant.B.Disagreed.C.Uncertain.D.Certain.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph6?Foodcrisiswillbecomeabigworry.Priceswillbeabletochangeourfoodpatterns.Cornandwheatwillbethemostimportantfood.Theybothplayanimportantroleingrainexportsintheworld.WhichoneisNOTtheUkraine'sproblemscausedbytheRussia-Ukraineconflict.Theconflicthasleftunharvestedwheat.Comsandsunflowerswereleftunfertilized.LimitingRussianfertilizerexportshasledtoariseinglobalfertilizerprices.Ukraine'sgrainproductionmayfallbymorethan50percentinthecurrentseason.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?HowtoSolvetheFoodCrisisEffectively.TheFoodCrisisCannotBeResolvedEffectively.CallsIncreaseforEndingtheRussia-Ukraineconflict.UNWarnsofPotentialGlobalFoodCrisisDuetoRussia-UkraineConflict.DIfyouthoughtrunningwasjustgreatforthebody,thenthinkagain.Scientistshavefoundthatthesportnotonlykeepspeoplefitbutalsoimprovesyourbrainpower（腦力）.Theresearchfoundthatpeoplewhokeepfitaremorelikelytohavelargerbrains,bettermemoriesandclearerthinking.Theyalsofoundthatunfitpeopletendedtohavesmallerbrainsandreducedcognitiveskills.Thefindingsaddtoagrowingbodyofevidencewhichlinksexercisewithhelpingprotectthebrainagainstageing（老化）andalsohelpingitreplacedyingcells（死細胞）.ThismightreducetheriskofmanyillnessesanddiseasessuchasAlzheimer's.第4頁，共21頁OneresearchpaperwithinitslatestissueseesscientistsatKentuckyUniversityputting30adultsaged59-69onatreadmill（跑步機）.TheirheartandlungcapacitywasmeasuredandanMRIscannerwasusedtoassessthebloodflowtotheirbrains.Thosewhowerelessfithadsmallerbrainscomparedtothefittervolunteerswhohadlargerbrains.ScientistsinGermanyfollowed21adultsagedbetween60-77.Astheywentthroughathree-monthfitnessprogram,theysawimprovementsintheirmemory.Researchersarenotyetsurewhyexercisehelpstoprotectbraincellsbutsomeresearchinmicehasproducedresults.Mice,examinedattheNationalInstituteonAgeing,inBaltimore,foundthatcellsinthehippocampus（海馬體），anareaofthebrainusedformemory,wereactivelyreproducingwhiletheirfatterpeerswereindecline.LindaClare,professorofclinicalpsychologyofageinganddementiaatExeterUniversityandamemberoftheGlobalCouncilonBrainHealthtoldTheSundayTimes：''Moderateintensityaerobic（有氧的）activitysuchaswalking,cyclingorrunningcanproducechangesinbrainstructureandfunction.1'Whotendtohavelargerbrains,bettermemoriesandclearerthinking?A.Peoplewhoarehealthy. B.Peoplewhoarethin.C.Peoplewhoareunhealthy. D.Peoplewhoarefat.Whatdowelearnfromtheexperimentinparagraph3?Thosewhowerelessfithadlargerbrains.Thosewhowerefitterhadsmallerbrains.Exercisehelpspeopleimprovetheirmemory.Oldpeopledoingexerciseimprovememorybetterthanyoungpeople.AccordtoLindaClare,whatkindofactivitycanNOTproducechangesinbrainstructureandfunction?A.Walking.B.Singing. C.Cycling. D.Running.What'stheauthorspurposeinwritingthetext?Totellyousportimprovesyourbrainpower.Tointroducesomegoodwaystokeephealthy.Toteachyouhowtobestspendtimeindoingsports.Tointroduceseveralwaystoimproveyourmemory.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共12.5分）HowtoKeepYourPetHealthyYouloveyourpets,andofcourse,youwanttokeepthemhappyandhealthy.Ifsimportanttoprovideagoodenvironment.Also,makesureyourpetsstayshealthy.(1).(21.Dietisthebeginningofkeepingyourpethealthy.Whenyoufirstgetapet,doyourresearchtofindoutthemostsuitabledietanddoyourbesttofollowitstrictly.Forexample,catsarecarnivores,sotrytopickthefoodwiththehighestlevelsofprotein.Provideplentyoffreshwatereveryday.(3).Formostpets,thatmeansprovidingabowlordishofwaterthatyouchangeoutatleastonceaday.Petsneedtostayhydratedtobehealthy.Providebathsasneeded.Bathingkeepsyourpetclean,andforanimalsthatlikewater,itcanmakethemmuchhappiertoprovidebathsasneeded.Howoftenyoubatheyourpetreallydependsonthespecies.(4).Otheranimals,likebirds,mayneedbathsorshowersseveraltimesaweekoreveneveryday.Seeyourveterinarian(獸醫(yī))foracheckupandvaccinations(接種疫苗).Justlikeyouneedtogotothedoctorforregularcheckups,yourpetdoes,too.Providingregularcheckupsallowsyourvettocatchproblemsearlybeforetheydevelopintoworseconditions."(5).Talktoyourvetaboutwhichonesareproperforyourpet.A.ProvideasuitabledietB.ExerciseishealthyforyourpetC.HerearesomewaystokeepyourpetshealthyD.Forexample,dogsoftenneedbathsatleastonceamonthE.Besides,vaccinationscanhelpkeepyourpethappyandhealthyF.Nomatterwhatkindofpetyouhave,itwillneedwaterinsomeformG.Whileyourpetwillplaywithtoysonitsown,itwillenjoyplayingwithyoumuchmore16.A.AEF.FB.BG.Gc.cD.DE.17.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G18.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.EF.FG.G

A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E F.FA.AB.BC.CD.DE.E F.FA.AE F.FG.GB.B C.CG.GD.D E.三、完形填空(本大題共15小題，共15.0分)ThesonofMr.Smith,arichneighbor,usedtocometoseetheblacksmith(鐵匠)everydayandforhoursandhourshewouldenjoyhimself(21)howheworked."Youngman,whydon'tyoutryyourhandto(22)tomakeshoetacks(鞋釘)？"saidtheblacksmith."Whoknows,oneday,itmaybeofusetoyou."Thelazyboybegantoseewhathecoulddo.Butafteralittle(23)hefoundthathewasbecomingveryskilled(熟練的)andsoonhewasmakingsomeofthe(24)tacks.OldMr.Smithdiedandthesonlostallhis(25)becauseofthewar.Hehadto(26)homeandwasforcedtoliveinanothercountry.ltsohappenedthatinthis(27)thereweremanyshoemakerswhowerespendingalotof(28)tobuytacksfortheirshoesandevenattimeswhentheypaidhighpricestheywerenotalwaysableto(29)whattheywanted,becauseinthatpartofthecountrytherewasa(30)demandforsoldiers'shoes.YoungMr.Smith,whowasfindingit(31)toearnhisdailybread,rememberedthatonceuponatimehehadlearnedtheartofmakingtacksandhadthesudden(32)ofmakingabargainwiththeshoemakers.Hetoldthemthathewouldmakethetacksiftheywouldhelptogethim(33)hisworkshop.Theshoemakerswereonlytoogladofthe(34).Andafterawhile,YoungMr.Smithfoundthathewassoonmakingthefinesttacksinthevillage.“(35),“heusedtosay,"makingtackscanbringabigfortune.Mytradeismoreusefultomethanallmyformerfortune.M21.A.helpingB.watchingC.spottingD.ignoring22.A.reachB.breakC.learnD.replace23.A.practiceB.adventureC.hesitationD.operation24.A.finestB.worstC.longestD.shortest25.A.breakB.shoesC.benefitD.goods26.A.returnB.escapeC.comeD.leave27.A.villageB.houseC.cityD.town28.A.moneyB.requestC.economyD.emotion29.A.enjoyB.getC.pursueD.desire30.A.positiveB.impossibleC.toughD.high31.A.funnyB.excitingC.difficultD.particular32.A.joyB.ideaC.testD.choice33.A.satisfiedwithB.concernedaboutC.settledinD.experiencedin34.A.helpB.goalC.offerD.attitude35.A.IllegallyB.SurprisinglyC.EventuallyD.Slowly四、語法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)36.ThehomecrowderuptedwhenChina'sEileenGuwonthewomen'sbigairfreeskiinggoldinBeijing.Gu(1)(jump)intothetoppositionwithherthirdrun,scoring94.50.Hertotalscorewas188.25intheevenfsdebutattheWinterOlympics.Guisan18-year-oldgirl(2)isafreestyleskier,modelandgrade-Astudentwith⑶AmericanfatherandaChinesemother.ShegrewupintheUnitedStates.ltwastherethatshegrewtoloveskiing.By2018,shewasrepresentingtheUS(4)theworldcupfbrthesport.Then,shedecidedtoswitchfromrepresentingtheUStorepresentingChina.Thedecisionmadeherfanshockedand(5)(confuse),butGuwasdetermined,(6)(share)herreasoningonInstagramatthetime."Thiswasan⑺(extreme)toughdecisionformetomake...Throughskiing,!hopetounitepeople,promotecommonunderstand)ng,createcommunication,andforge(8)(friendship)betweennations...Pmtryingmybesttomaketheworlda(9)(good)placeinmyownway.*'saidGu.uIfIcanhelptoinspireoneyounggirl(10)(break)aboundary,mywisheswillhavecometrue.11sheadded.五、書面表達(本大題共2小題，共40.0分).假定你是李華，2022年9月100,你市將舉辦中秋節(jié)文化活動。你校外教Abbott對中國傳統(tǒng)文化很感興趣，請你給他寫一封信，邀請他一起來參加，內(nèi)容包括：1.寫信目的；2.活動時間和地點；3.活動內(nèi)容和意義。注意：(1)詞數(shù)80左右；(2)可以適當增加細節(jié)以使行文連貫。.Lastweek,asIwashavingbreakfastinmytruck,Inoticedaboy,sittingbytheroadwithhisdog.Hewasholdingasignaskingformoneyorfoodtohelpfeedhimandhisdog.Peopledrovepastignoringthem.WhenIfinishedmybreakfast,!decidedtobuysomefoodforthem.AsIwasleaving,!pulledupbesidehimandhandedhimabagofbreakfastandasmallbagofdogfood.Iaskedhimifhewouldbewillingtoworkhardforthepay.HeimmediatelysaidthathecouldbethehardestworkerIhadeverseen.Thenextdayhecarriedwoodaroundandfetchedtoolsformealldaywithoutcomplainingonce.Hisdogsimplyfollowedhim.DuringthedayIlearnedabouthissadexperiences.Whentheboywas15yearsold,hismotherbecamecriticallyill.Hisfather,whotookcareoftheboy'smother,couldnotgoouttowork,andthepoorboyhadtodropoutofschoolbecauseofbeingunabletoaffordhisschooltuition.Beingtooyoung,hefailedtofindajob.hehadtobegnearhishometohelphisparents.Amonthlater,Ipaidhim$2000,thelookonhisfacewaswellworthit.Myaimlessactofkindnessseemedtoputspark(活力)backinhiseyes.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右。2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。AfterthatIcontinuedtoofferhimsomeworkandpayhim.Tearsofjoyfloodedtheboy'seyes.答案和解析1~3.【答案】B、C、A［解析】（1）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FlytoLondon部分SummervisitorscanvisitBuckinghamPalace,hometotheQueen,theHousesofParliament,TowerofLondonandothernationalmonuments.（夏季游客可以參觀白金漢宮、女王故居、議會大廈、倫敦塔和其他國家紀念館。）可知，如果想?yún)⒂^白金漢宮，你應該飛往倫敦。故選B。（2）C.推理判斷題。根據(jù)FlytoNewYork部分SpendyoursummervacationcyclingaroundCentralPark,takingintheviewofManhattanfromtheferrytotheStatueofLibertyorenjoyingcraftbeerandeclecticcuisineinBrooklyn.（暑假期間，你可以在中央公園周圍騎自行車，欣賞曼哈頓的景色，乘渡輪去自由女神像，或在布魯克林品嘗手工啤酒和各色美食。）可知，如果你飛到紐約，你可以在中央公園周圍騎自行車、欣賞曼哈頓的景色并在布魯克林享受手工啤酒和各種美食，文中沒有提及選擇家庭友好型奧蘭多度假村。故選C。（3）A.文章類型題o根據(jù)第一段Asummervacationshouldbethebesttravelofyouryear,anopportunitytoenjoysunshine,exploreexcitingnewdestinations,discovernewculturesandrelaxinfinerestaurants.Herearesomeofthewonderfulplacesyoucanflyforthissummervacation.（暑假應該是你一年中最好的旅行時間，是一個享受陽光、探索令人興奮的新目的地、發(fā)現(xiàn)新文化和在高檔餐館放松的機會。這里有一些很棒的地方，你可以在這個暑假飛到那里去。）可知，本文主要介紹了適合暑假去旅行的一些城市，文章可能出自網(wǎng)站的城市旅游和建議部分。A.Citytoursandtips城市旅游和小貼士；B.HobbiesoftheGermans德國人的愛好；C.Lifearoundtheworld世界各地的生活；D.Fashionontheearth地球上的時尚。故選A。本文是一篇廣告布告類閱讀，主要介紹了適合暑假去旅行的一些城市。做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項填寫出正確答案。4~7.【答案】B、B、C、A【解析】（1）B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Hasselwassurprised,however,whenherIttegirlthrewthecaseinthegarbageandstormedintoherbedroom,slammingthedoorbehindher.（然而，當她的小女兒把鉛筆盒扔進垃圾桶，然后沖進臥室，把門重重地關上時，Hassel感到很驚訝。）可知，Hassel的女兒在收到鉛筆盒時，把鉛筆盒扔進了垃圾桶。故選B。B.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"Sheyelled,That'sstupid.Everyoneinmyclasshasthat..Idon'twantitanymore!"HasselexplainedinaFacebookpost.（"她喊道，"這太患蠢了。我班上每個人都有.....我不想要了!”Hassel在臉書上解釋道。）可推斷，Hassel的女兒希望得到一些特別的東西。故選B。C.推理判斷題。劃線句子的前一句IthoughtIhadalwaystaughthertobegratefulandknowhowluckyshewas.（我以為我一直教她要感恩，要知道她有多幸運。）可知，她一直覺得自己教育得很好，讓孩子知道感恩，而女兒的這一反應讓她很震驚也很失望。再根據(jù)下文Shecontinued,"Iexplainedtohershe'snotentitledto（享有）anythingspecialandsheistakingforgrantedhowluckysheis.Sofornowshewillbeusingabagandwillpersonallybedeliveringtheniceboxtoachildthatcouldbenefitfromit.（她繼續(xù)說道："我向她解釋說，她沒有權利享有任何特別的東西，也不應該認為自己的幸運是理所當然的。所以現(xiàn)在她需要用一個袋子，并親自把這個漂亮的盒子送給可能從中受益的孩子?？芍X得應該給孩子敲敲警鐘，提提醒，讓孩子要懂得感恩。故選C。A.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"Sobythetimetherewasprobablysmokecomingoutofmyears,Iwastryingreallyhardnottocompletelyloseitwiththiskidwhom1haveworkedsohardtocompletelylakecareofonmyown,"shewrote.（她寫道："所以當我火冒三丈的時候，我非常努力地不讓自己完全失去對這個孩子的感情，我這么努力地要自己完全照顧這個孩子。"）可推斷她很有耐心；再根據(jù)第二段Hasselsaidshedidn'timmediatelyreactbecauseshewantedtodealwiththeangerproperly.（Hassel說，她沒有立即做出反應，因為她想恰當?shù)貞獙嵟＃┛赏茢?，她遇事很冷靜。故選A.本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一位母親教育自己的孩子要知道感恩的故事。閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關系，對未說明的趨勢或結局作出合理的推斷：或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑氶喿x短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點。8?11.【答案】D、D、C、D【解析】（1）D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段TheRussia-Ukraineconflictiscreatingsufferingand"mustendnow,"Guterressaidatapressconferenceafterthemeeting.（古特雷斯在會后的新聞發(fā)布會上說，俄烏沖突正在造成癰苦，”現(xiàn)在必須結束"。）可知，古特雷斯對結束俄烏沖突持肯定的態(tài)度。A.Hesitant"猶豫的"；B.Disagreed“反對的”；C.Uncertain”不確定的"；D.Certain”肯定的"。故選D。(2)D.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段AccordingtotheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO),RussiaandUkrainearetheworld'slargestandfifth-largestwheatexporters,respectively.Together,theyprovide19percentoftheworld'sbarleysupply,14percentofwheatand4percentofcom,makingupmorethanonethirdofglobalgrainexports.(根據(jù)聯(lián)合國糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織(FAO),俄羅斯和烏克蘭分別是世界上最大和第五大小麥出口國。加在一起，它們提供了全球19%的大麥供應、14%的小麥和4%的玉米，占全球糧食出口的三分之一以上。)可知，俄羅斯和烏克蘭都在世界糧食出口中發(fā)揮著重要作用。故選D。(3)C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段InUkraine,whichisknownasthebreadbasketofEurope.theconflicthasleftunharvestedwheatthatwasplantedmonthsago,whilecomsandsunflowerssownwhentheconflictbrokeoutwereleftunfertilized.ltisestimatedthatUkraine'sgrainproductionmayfallbymorethan50percentinthecurrentseason.(在被稱為歐洲糧倉的烏克蘭，沖突導致數(shù)月前種植的小麥未經(jīng)收割，而沖突爆發(fā)時播種的玉米和向日葵則未施肥。據(jù)估計，烏克蘭的糧食產(chǎn)量在當前季節(jié)可能下降50%以上。)可知，C選項邛艮制俄羅斯化肥出口導致全球化肥價格上漲?！辈皇嵌頌鯖_突引起的烏克蘭問題。故選C。(4)D.標題歸納題。根據(jù)文章第一段TheRussia-Ukraineconflictcouldleadtoaglobalfoodcrisisthatwillhitdevelopingcountriesthehardest,UnitedNations(UN)Secretary-GeneralAntonioGuterreswarnedinStockholmonWednesday(聯(lián)合國秘書長安東尼奧?古特雷斯周三在斯德哥爾摩警告說，俄羅斯?烏克蘭沖突可能導致全球糧食危機，對發(fā)展中國家的打擊最為嚴重。)，結合本文隨后分析了俄烏沖突可能導致全球糧食危機的原因和影響可知，D選項”聯(lián)合國警告俄羅斯?烏克蘭沖突可能引發(fā)全球糧食危機。"適合作本文的標題。故選D。本文是一篇新聞報道。文章強調俄烏沖突可能導致全球糧食危機，并分析了其原因和影響。閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關系，對未說明的趨勢或結局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點理論，對文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋。考生首先要仔細閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準確把握作者觀點。12~15.【答案】A、C、B、A］（1）A.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Theresearchfoundthatpeoplewhokeepfitaremorelikelytohavelargerbrains,bettermemoriesandclearerthinking.（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，保持健康的人更有可能擁有更大的大腦、更好的記憶力和更清晰的思維）可知，健康的人可能擁有更大的大腦、更好的記憶力和更清晰的思維。故選A。C.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Astheywentthroughathree-monthfitnessprogram,theysawimprovementsintheirmemory.（當他們進行為期三個月的健身計劃時，他們的記憶力有所改善）可知，從實驗中可以得知，鍛煉有助于人們提高記憶力。故選C。B.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Moderateintensityaerobicactivitysuchaswalking,cyclingorrunningcanproducechangesinbrainstructureandfunction.（中等強度的有氧運動，如步行、騎自行車或跑步，可以改變大腦結構和功能）可知，步行、騎自行車或跑步可以改變大腦結構和功能，沒有提及唱歌。故選B。A.寫作意圖題。根據(jù)第一段Scientistshavefoundthatthesportnotonlykeepspeoplefitbutalsoimprovesyourbrainpower.（科學家已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這項運動不僅能讓人保持健康，還能提高你的腦力）以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了運動不僅可以讓人保持健康，還可以提高人們的腦力，作者寫作的目的是告訴你，運動可以提高你的腦力。故選A。這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了運動不僅可以讓人保持健康，還可以提高人們的腦力。做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關語句進行仔細分析，結合選項選出正確答案。做題時要在抓住關鍵句子的基礎上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)。16~20.【答案】C、A、F、D、E【解析】（1）C.邏輯關系題。Also,makesureyourpetsstayshealthy.（此外，確保你的寵物保持健康。）說明要讓寵物保持健康，C項：Herearesomewaystokeepyourpetshealthy（以下是一些保持寵物健康的方法。）承接上文，引出下文內(nèi)容，符合語境。故選C。A.標題歸納題。下文Dietisthebeginningofkeepingyourpethealthy.Whenyoufirstgetapet,doyourresearchtofindoutthemostsuitabledietanddoyourbesttofollowitstrictly.（飲食是保持寵物健康的開始。當你第一次養(yǎng)寵物時，要研究并查明最合適的飲食，并盡量嚴格遵守。）說明要研究合適的飲食以保持寵物健康，A項：Provideasuitablediet（提供合適的飲食。）總結下文內(nèi)容，可以作為本段標題句。故選A。F.邏輯關系題。下文Formostpets,thatmeansprovidingabowlordishofwaterthatyouchangeoutatleastonceaday.（對于大多數(shù)寵物來說，這意味著提供一碗或一盤水，你每天至少換一次。）說明要給寵物提供水，F(xiàn)項中water是關鍵詞，F(xiàn)項：Nomatterwhatkindofpetyouhave,itwillneedwaterinsomeform（無論你養(yǎng)什么樣的寵物，它都需要某種形式的水。）引出下文，符合語境。故選F。D.推理判斷題。上文Howoftenyoubatheyourpetreallydependsonthespecies.（你給寵物洗澡的頻率實際上取決于物種。）說明要定期給寵物洗澡，D項：Forexample,dogsoftenneedbathsatleastonceamonth（例如，狗通常每月至少需要洗一次澡。）說明寵物狗需要每個月至少洗澡一次，承接上文，符合語境。故選D。E.細節(jié)理解題。Seeyourveterinarianforacheckupandvaccinations.（請看獸醫(yī)檢查并接種疫苗。）說明要看獸醫(yī)并接種疫苗，以及下文Talktoyourvetaboutwhichonesareproperforyourpet.（和你的獸醫(yī)談談哪些適合你的寵物。）說明要和獸醫(yī)談論哪種疫苗適合自己的寵物，E項中vaccinations是關鍵詞，E項：Besides,vaccinationscanhelpkeepyourpethappyandhealthy（此外，接種疫苗可以幫助寵物保持快樂和健康。）承上啟下，符合語境。故選E。這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了保持寵物健康的方法?！捌哌x五”選擇題，主要目的在于考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結構以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。解題時最主要的兩個步驟就是L理清文章的邏輯和結構，2.在所給的原文中找出關鍵詞或者說是線索詞。文章的整體思路能幫助你在答案中篩選出符合邏輯的選項，關鍵詞則能幫助你確定更多的細節(jié)，排除相近的選。得出正確的答案。21~35.【答案】B、C、A、A、D、D、A、A、B、D、C、B、C、C、B【解析】（1）B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.helping幫助；B.watching觀看：C.spotting發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.ignoring忽略。句意:一個富有的鄰居史密斯先生的兒子過去每天都來看鐵匠，一個小時又一個小時地看著他如何工作。結合空格前的"everydayandforhoursandhours”和空格后的“howheworked”可知史密斯先生的兒子應該是“看“鐵匠如何工作。故選BoC.考查動詞及語境理解。A.reach到達；B.break中斷；C.learn學習；D.replace更換。句意：年輕人，你為什么不試試你的手來學做鞋釘？結合空格前的"whydontyoutryyourhand"可知是鐵匠詢問年輕人為什么不學做鞋釘。故選C。A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.practice練習；B.adventure冒險；C.hesitation猶豫;D.operation操作。句意：但經(jīng)過一點練習后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己變得非常熟練，很快他就開始制作一些最好的鞋釘。結合前文”Thelazyboybegantoseewhathecoulddo."和后文"hefoundthathewasbecomingveryskilled”可知經(jīng)過一點練習，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己變得非常熟練。故選AoA.考查形容詞最高級及語境理解。A.finest最好的：B.worst最差的；C.longest最長的：D.shortest最短的。句意：但經(jīng)過一點練習后，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己變得非常熟練，很快他就開始制作一些最好的鞋釘。結合前文"hefoundthathewasbecomingveryskilled"可知很快他就開始制作一些最好的鞋釘。故選A。D.考查名詞詞義辨析。A.break休息，暫停;B.shoes鞋子；C.benefit利益；D.goods商品，私人財產(chǎn)。句意：由于戰(zhàn)爭，老史密斯先生去世了，兒子失去了所有的財產(chǎn)。結合前文"OldMr.Smithdied"和空格后的"becauseofthewar”推斷因為父親去世和戰(zhàn)爭，兒子失去了所有的財產(chǎn)。故選D。D.考查動詞及語境理解。A.retum返回;B.escape逃生；C.come來；D.leave離開。句意：他不得不離家，被迫住在另一個國家。結合空格后句子"wasforcedtoliveinanothercountry",可知是被迫離開家。故選D。A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.village村莊；B.house房屋；C.city城市；D.town城鎮(zhèn)。句意：碰巧在這個村子里，有很多鞋匠花了很多錢買鞋釘，甚至有時他們付高價時，也不能總是得到他們想要的東西，因為在這個國家的那個地區(qū)，士兵的鞋子需求量很大。根據(jù)(14)空后的"Andafterawhile,YoungMr.Smithfoundthathewassoonmakingthefinesttacksinthevillage."可知Village是同詞復現(xiàn)，這里表示碰巧在這個村子里。故選A。A.考查名詞及語境理解。A.money金錢；B.request要求；C.economy經(jīng)濟：Demotion情感。句意：碰巧在這個村子里，有很多鞋匠正在花大量的錢買鞋釘，甚至有時他們付高價時，也不能總是得到他們想要的東西，因為在這個國家的那個地區(qū)，士兵的鞋子需求量很大。結合空格前的“spending”和空格后的“buytacks”推斷是有很多鞋匠正在花大量的錢買鞋釘。故選A。B.考查動詞及語境理解。A.enjoy享受;B.get獲得：C.pursue追求；D.desire期望。句意：碰巧在這個村子里,有很多鞋匠正在花大量的錢買鞋釘,甚至有時他們付高價時，也不能總是得到他們想要的東西，因為在這個國家的那個地區(qū)，兵的鞋子需求量很大。結合前文"evenattimeswhentheypaidhighpricestheywerenotalwaysableto”可以推斷是有時花高價錢也不能得到他們想要的東西。故選B。D.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.positive積極的，肯定的：B.impossible不可能的：C.tough堅韌的；D.high高的。句意：碰巧在這個村子里，有很多鞋匠正在花大量的錢買鞋釘，甚至有時他們付高價時，也不能總是得到他們想要的東西，因為在這個國家的那個地區(qū)，士兵的鞋子需求量很大。結合前文提到有很多鞋匠正在花大量的錢買鞋釘，甚至有時他們付高價時，也不能總是得到鞋釘，可知用ahighdemandfor,意為"高的需求”，表示士兵的鞋子需求量很大。故選D。C.考查形容詞及語境理解。A.funny有趣的；B.exciting令人興奮的:C.difficult困難的；D.particular特別的。句意：年輕的史密斯先生發(fā)現(xiàn)每天都很難謀生，他記起了從前他學會了做鞋釘?shù)氖炙嚕蝗幌氲揭托秤憙r還價的主意。結合前文提到戰(zhàn)爭，人們花高價買鞋釘，可推斷年輕的史密斯先生很難謀生。故選C。B.考查名詞及語境理解。A.joy快樂;B.idea想法；C.test測試：D.choice選擇。句意：年輕的史密斯先生發(fā)現(xiàn)每天都很難謀生，他記起了從前他學會了做鞋釘?shù)氖炙?，突然想到要和鞋匠討價還價的主意。結合空格前的"rememberedthatonceuponatimehehadlearnedtheartofmakingtacks"和空格后的"ofmakingabargainwiththeshoemakers"可知是他記起了從前他學會了做鞋釘?shù)氖炙?，突然想到要和鞋匠討價還價的主意。故選B。C.考查固定短語及語境理解。A.satisfiedwith對.…感到滿意；B.concernedabout對.…擔心；C.settledin定居，安頓下來；D.experiencedin在.....經(jīng)驗豐富。句意：他告訴他們，如果他們能幫他在他的車間安頓下來，他就做鞋釘。結合空格后的賓語"hisworkshop"可知settledin表示"安頓下來"符合題意。故選C.C.考查名詞及語境理解。A.help幫助；B.goal目標：C.offer報價，提議；D.attitude態(tài)度。句意：鞋匠們對這個提議非常高興。結合前文的“Hetoldthemthathewouldmakethetacksiftheywouldhelptogethim(13)hisworkshop."可知是鞋匠們對這個提議非常高興。故選C。B.考查副詞及語境理解。A.legally非法地；B.Surprisingly令人驚訝地，出乎意料地：C.Eventually最終地；D.Slowly緩慢地。句意："出人意料的是，"他常說，"做鞋釘可以帶來很大的財富。我的生意對我來說比我以前所有的財富都有用。"結合后文"makingtackscanbringabigfortune.Mytradeismoreusefultomethanallmyformerfortune.“可知做鞋釘能夠帶來巨大財富這件事是出人意料的。故選B。本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了年輕的史密斯先生學會了一門做鞋釘?shù)氖炙嚕髞砀赣H去世，因為戰(zhàn)爭他失去了所有的東西，但是當他不得不離開家鄉(xiāng)謀生時，他的這門手藝卻給他帶來了財富和驚喜。完形填空是在單項填空的基礎上發(fā)展起來的介于單項填空和閱讀理解之間的一種題型。它題材廣泛，體裁多樣。文章內(nèi)容新穎、有趣、可讀性強，具有鮮明的時代感，包括社會生活、風土人情、人文環(huán)境、人物傳記等。.【答案】【小題I]jumped【小題2】who/that【小題3]an【小題4]in【小題5]confused【小題6]sharing【小題7]extremely[小題8]friendships【小題9]better【小題10]tobreak【解析】(1)jumped.考查時態(tài)。句意:谷愛凌以第三跳94.50分的高分躍居榜首。結合本文描述的是過去發(fā)生的冬奧會的事情，時態(tài)應該用一般過去時，動詞jump用過去式jumped。故填jumped。who/that.考查定語從句。句意：谷愛凌是一個18歲的女孩，她是一名自由式滑雪運動員、模特和一名成績優(yōu)異的學生，父親是美國人，母親是中國人?？崭裉幰龑ФㄕZ從句,先行詞是an18-year?oldgirl,且在從句中作主語，指人用that或who引導。故填who/thatoan.考查冠詞。句意：谷愛凌是一個18歲的女孩，她是一名自由式滑雪運動員、模特和一名成績優(yōu)異的學生，父親是美國人，母親是中國人。結合and之后的aChinesemother,可知空格處缺少不定冠詞表示泛指,American以元音音素開頭，用an