思維導圖梳理高中語法(6)：非謂語動詞

思維導圖梳理高中語法（6）：非謂語動詞-ByRobinlo非謂語動詞-Ved非謂語動詞-Ving=1\*ROMANI.ving的3種形式基本式：doing/beingdone完成式：havingdone/havingbeendone否定式：not+ving基本式doing/beingdone：強調(diào)該非謂語動詞與主句謂語動詞同時發(fā)生。完成式havingdone/havingbeendone：強調(diào)該非謂語動詞發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞之前，兩者有明顯先后關系。=2\*ROMANII.Ving的句法功能：ving在句中做主語，賓語，表語，賓補，定語，狀語一．Ving做主語1.Ving做主語，強調(diào)一般或抽象的重復多次的行動。Seeingisbelieving.2.It做形式主語Itisnouse/nogood/nofun/nopleasure/useless/awasteoftime+doingsthVing做賓語1.注意動詞短語搭配：imagine/mind/admit/avoid/escape/delay/practice/insist/risk...+doing/beingdone2.注意某些to為介詞：devoteto/adaptto/adjustto/thekeyto/theapproachto/getusedto/lookforwardto/stickto/objectto/contributeto...+doing/beingdone3.注意介詞（in）（from）的省略：havetrouble/difficulty/hardtimes(in)doingsthspend...(in)doingsthstop/prevent/protect...(from)doing4.注意it做形式賓語：finditnouse/nogood/nofun/nopleasure/useless/awasteoftime+doingsth注意need/deserve/require+doing(以主動表被動)=need/deserve/require+tobedoneVing做表語1.ving做表語，表示主語的內(nèi)容或主語的性質，特征等。HisjobisteachingEnglish/Itisboring=1\*GB3①ving做表語，表示一種習慣性，反復，多次的動作。todo做表語表偶爾一次動作=2\*GB3②由某些表示人的情感的動詞變adj時有：ved/vingamazed/amazingVing:說明主語的特征，令...的(修飾物）Ved：說明主語所處的狀態(tài)，感到...的(修飾人，人的聲音，人的表情）四.ving做定語n/pron+ving1.ving做定語，表用途或表性質特征：areadingroom/adevelopingcountry2.形式：前置定語（單個ving）,后置定語（ving短語），分隔式后置定語（，ving）developingcountry/peoplelivingthere/Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesthere.考點：考慮v與前面n/pron關系/考慮vi注意thebridgebeingbuilt/thebridgebuilt/thebridgetobebuilt三種后置定語的區(qū)別五.ving做賓補：prep/v+n+vingVing做賓補表示一個正在進行的主動性動作，強調(diào)一個過程或一種狀態(tài)。形式：prep/v+n+vingfind/keep/leave+n+ving/ved/adj感官動詞+n+ving/ved/(to)doseesbdoingsth（正在進行）/sbbeseendoingseesbdosth（全過程）/sbbeseentodosthhavesbdoingWith+n+ving/ved/todo/adj/adv/介詞短語非謂語動詞-todo不定式的4種形式：一般式：(not)todo/(not)tobedone(與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后）完成式：(not)tohavedone/(not)tohavebeendone（發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前）進行式：(not)tobedoing（與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生）Heseemstoknowthis.Shehatedtobelaughedat.Heseemstobeeatingsomething.I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Heseemstohavecaughtacold.不定式的句法功能：不定式可在句中做：主語、賓語、表語、賓補、定語、和狀語(分析下列句中不定式做什么成分）Tofinishtheworkintimesisveryhard-It’shardtofinishtheworkintimes.Shewishestobeamusician./Ihavenochoicebuttogiveup./HefoundithardtostudyChinese.Mydesire/hope/purpose/jobistoteachEnglish.Withalotworktodo,hedidn’tgoout./Isawhim(to)crosstheroad.Ihavealotofworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Haveyougotalettertobetyped?Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans./Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.Theywereverysadtohearthenews.Thequestionissimpletoanswer.不定式做主語和表語時：表示一次，偶爾的動作；做賓語時，注意短語搭配不定式在句中做定語①不定式可修飾名詞、代詞，位于其后做后置定語，多表示將來的動作②the+序數(shù)詞/adj最高級/only/very+n+todosth/to+vi+prep③theability/ambition/attempt/chance/courage/time/decision/effort/failure/promise/right/way/wish/reason/+todosth④注意：不定式與前面n之間是動賓關系，且與句子主語是主謂關系時，不定式做定語時以主動形式表被動含義。如果與句子主語無主謂關系，不定式作定語時則用被動形式。Ihavealotofworktodo.Doyouhaveclothestobewashed?Theoldladyhasalettertobewritten.不定式在句中做狀語①不定式做目的狀語todo/inordertodo可位于句首或動詞短語之后做目的狀語，表“為了”，這時不定式的邏輯主語就是主句主語；soasto做目的狀語不能置于句首。Weworkhardtobeadmittedtoakeyuniversity.Todrawmapsproperly,youneedaspecialpen.②不定式做結果狀語(only)todo/(only)tobedone做結果狀語時，強調(diào)該結果是意料之外so/such...astodosth太...以至于做某事too...todosth太...以至于不能做某事...enoughtodosth足夠做某事③不定式做原因狀語sb+系動詞+adj/ved(情緒類：sorry/surprised/excited/glad/anxious/delighted)+todosth+系動詞+adj(easy/hard/cheap/comfortable/important/impossible)+todo(以主動形式表被動含義）非謂語動詞綜合練易錯點整理Robinloving的復合結構Tom’s/my+ving做主語Tom’s/Tom/My/me+ving做賓語Mary’s/Hisbeinglatemadethemanagerangry.Weappreciateyour/youcoming.獨立主格：n/pron+ving/ved/todo/adj/adv/介短（考慮非謂語動詞與前面n關系）獨立主格在句中只能做狀語，與主句主語無任何邏輯關系Hismotherbeingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.Springcoming,thefieldsarefulloflife.Allthingsconsidered,IthinkweoughttogivethejobtoMary.注意be+ved考察形式：=1\*GB3①考察ving做主語：Beingexposedtothesunlightforalongtimewilldoharmtotheskin.Beingadmittedtouniversityisthedreamofmanystudents.=2\*GB3②省去be,以ved形式做定語，賓補，或狀語（注意某些be+ved表狀態(tài)，egbeseated...）Exposedtothesunlight,hefeltsohot.Absorbedinpainting,hedidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.固定結構：Itisnouse/nogood/nofun/nopleasure/useless/awasteoftime+doingsthfinditnouse/nogood/nofun/nopleasure/useless/awasteoftime+doingsthneed/require/deserve+doing(以主動表被動）/tobedonebeworthdoing(以主動表被動）seesbdoingsth/sbbeseendoingseesb(to)dosth/sbbeseentodosthThereisnodenyingthatescapebeingpunished/punishmenthavenochoicebuttodosth/couldn’tdoanythingbutdoregretdoingsth后悔做過regrettotell/inform/say遺憾告知findsbdoingsth=sthbefounddoingsthmightaswelldosth=hadbetterdosthbefacedwith/facesth(Facedwithsth,=Facingsth)bedevotedto/devoteoneselfto(Devotedtodoingsth,=Devotingoneselftodoing)havingdone用法：強調(diào)非謂語動詞發(fā)生在主句謂語之前，有明顯的先后關系?；蛘咴跔钫Z部分出現(xiàn)for+時間段/manytimes等Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyforexamination.Havinglivedthereformanyyears,hegotusedtothelifethere.注意v/prep+doing/beingdone(注意介詞和動詞后加ving時的被動語態(tài)）Canyouimaginebeingleftstandingoutsideforawholenight.Ican’tstandbeingtreated.Weshouldpreventtheriverfrombeingpolluted.With復合結構with+n+ving/ved/todo/adj/adv/介短（考慮v與前面n關系，注意vi）Withtimepassingby,wewillhaveabetterandbetterlife.Withahealthwarningattachedtothedoor,hechangedhisbadhabitsgradually.2種結果狀語區(qū)別：Ving/,thusdoing做結果狀語，強調(diào)該結果是意料之內(nèi)，合乎情理的。（only）todo/tobedone做結果狀語，強調(diào)該結果是意料之外，不合乎情理的。Hecametothestation,onlytobetoldthebushadleft.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.狀語從句連詞wh-+__________(v)：直接考慮該非謂語動詞與主句主語的關系。Oncelost,suchachancewillnevercomeagain.Whenvisitingthecity,youwillfinditamazing.非謂語動詞強化訓練（1）一、單句語法填空1.Peterwassoexcitedwhenhereceivedaninvitationfromhisfriend(visit)Chongqing.2.Hegavealameexcusefor(absent)whichmadehimveryembarrassed.3.Whenthemoonhadrisen,welayonthegrass,listeningtothewind(whisper)inthetrees.4.Helenwaskindertoheryoungestson,whichmadetheothers(envy)him.5.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinthemorningbecausethemorningairissogood(breathe).6.Theman________(circulate)thefakenewsthat18firefighterslosttheirlivesintheexplosionwasarrested.7.Thelittleboystaredatthestrangemanquestioningly,not________(know)whethertobelievewhathehadsaid.8.FacialrecognitiontechnologyisworkingwellattouristattractionsaroundChina,________(reduce)thetimepeoplespendstandinginlinesatentriesorsecuritycheck.9.Actorsshouldbegoodobservers,watchingpeople’sbodylanguageandspeakingstyle,________(transmit)andthisintotheirownabilitiestoprogressinacting.10.Wehadbetterputoffinterviewingtheathlete,forheisbusypreparingforaninternationalcontest________(hold)inShanghainextmonth.11.Everyoneinourclasswasworkinghardanddoingwhatwecould_______(enter)agoodcollege.12.Mr.Greenstoodupindefenceofthe16-yearoldboy,(say)thathewasnottheonetoblame.非謂語動詞強化訓練（2）1.（2020·全國II卷）Theyrepresenttheearth(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.2.（2020·全國II卷）Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.3.（2020·全國II卷）Theyareeasy(care)forandmakegreatpresents.4.（2020·全國III卷）Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout(find)thewell-knownpainter.5.（2020·全國III卷）Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds(surround)themountaintops,hewasreduc