一輪復(fù)習(xí)北師大版高中英語單元梳理：必修五 Unit13 People 課件

必修5Unit13People

Step1誦讀經(jīng)典·滲透文化意識Ⅰ.細(xì)品味經(jīng)典文章(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)

MolaigrewupinatinyvillageinIndia.Thevillagelaynearsomewetlandswhichbecamehissecondhome.Helearnedthevalueandbeautyofnaturetherefromaveryyoungage.Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomethingdisturbinghappeningaroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthedamageitcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.Besides,thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.Herealizedthatitwasbecausethereweren’tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromtheheat.Thesolution,ofcourse,wastoplanttreessotheanimalscouldseekshelterduringthedaytime.Heturnedtotheforestdepartmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere.However,Molaiwentlookingonhisownanddiscoveredanearbyislandwherehebegantoplanttrees.Wateringyoungplantsinthedryseasonwastoughforaloneboy.Molaibuiltatthetopofeachsapling(幼樹)abambooplatform,whereheplacedearthenpotswithsmallholestocollectrainwater.Thewaterwouldthendrip(滴落)ontheplantsbelow.Molaicontinuedtoplanttreesforthenext37years.Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.Ⅱ.按要求完成任務(wù)1.寫出文章中與人物有關(guān)的單詞或短語。__________________________________________________________________________________________

growup,learn,value,beauty,young,age,notice,realize,turnto,onone’sown,continue,effort,resultin2.你認(rèn)為公民應(yīng)該具備什么樣的品質(zhì)?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Firstofall,patrioticandlaw-abiding,honestandcourteous.Secondly,showfilialpietytoparentsandrespecttoteachers.Thirdly,beunitedandfriendly,diligentandthrifty.Furthermore,determinedtostudyhard,andmodest.Lastbutnotleast,beself-disciplined,impartialandselfless.Step2固本強(qiáng)基·鍛造語言能力Ⅰ.重點(diǎn)詞匯1.concentratevi.集中(思想、注意力等)教材原句Concentrateonwhatisreallyimportant.(P5)要把注意力集中在真正重要的東西上?！驹~塊必記】(1)concentrateon(doing)sth. 聚精會神于(做)某事concentrateone’sattention/energy...on/upon(doing)...

集中某人的注意力/精力……于(做)……(2)concentration n.專心,集中concentrated adj.集中的,全神貫注的【思維拓展】“專心于,全神貫注于”的表達(dá)還有:①focuson

②beburiedin

③belostin④beabsorbedin

⑤bedevotedto【語境速測】單句語法填空①Thisbookrequiresagreatdealof____________(concentrate).②Fromthenon,Ibegantoconcentrate___everysmallthinginmystudy.③Idecidedtoconcentrateallmyeffortson_______(find)somewheretolive.concentrationonfinding一句多譯④他將注意力全部集中在他的學(xué)習(xí)上。_____________________________________(concentrate)

=_____________________________________(fix/focus)

=___________________________(putone’sheartinto)

Heconcentratedhisattentiononhisstudy.Hefixed/focusedhisattentiononhisstudy.Heputhisheartintohisstudy.2.associatevt.聯(lián)想,聯(lián)系教材原句Memoriesarestoredthroughassociatingnewmemorieswitholdones.(P5)記憶是通過把新的記憶和舊的記憶聯(lián)系起來儲存的?！驹~塊必記】(1)associate...with... 使……與……聯(lián)系起來associatewithsb. 與某人交往/共事beassociatedwith 與……有關(guān)(2)association n.聯(lián)合;聯(lián)想;交往;協(xié)會;社團(tuán)inassociationwith 與……聯(lián)合;與……有關(guān)聯(lián)【思維拓展】“與……有關(guān)”的其他表達(dá)還有:①berelatedto

②havesomethingtodowith③beinconnectionwith

④beconnectedwith【熟詞生義】MrLinisassociatedirectoroftheInstitute._____林先生是研究所的副所長。副的【語境速測】單句語法填空①Hehasbeenassociated____meinthebusinessfortwoyears.②Therehasalwaysbeenaclose__________(associate)betweenthesetwoschools.③Inthechildren’smindssummeris_________(associate)withpicnics.④Theexhibitionwasorganizedbytheschool__associationwithlocalartists.withassociationassociatedin一句多譯⑤眾所周知,有很多嚴(yán)重的健康問題與吸煙有關(guān)。Asweallknow,therearemanyserioushealthproblemswhich_________________________

=Asweallknow,therearemanyserioushealthproblems_____________________

=Asweallknow,therearemanyserioushealthproblems________________________

areassociatedwithsmoking.associatedwithsmoking.inassociationwithsmoking.3.deservevt.應(yīng)得,值得教材原句...haveyoueverwonderedwhysomeofthesmarteststudentsinyourclass,whoyouthinkdeservegoodgrades,sometimesendupfailingexams?(P8)……你是否曾有過這樣的困惑:為什么班里有些你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該得到好分?jǐn)?shù)的最聰明的學(xué)生有時卻考試不及格?【詞塊必記】deservetodosth. 應(yīng)該做某事deservedoing/tobedone ……值得做deserveconsideration 值得考慮【誤區(qū)釋疑】deserve不用于進(jìn)行時態(tài),且deservedoing相當(dāng)于deservetobedone,此時動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義,類似的單詞還有need,want,require等?！菊Z境速測】單句語法填空①Whatcomesfirstistokeepanopenmind,becauseeveryone’sideasdeserve

_____________________________________(consider).

②Theyhadsomeexcellentplayers,sotheycertainlydeserved______(win)thatmatch.

翻譯句子③這些建議值得考慮。____________________________________________________________

consideration/tobeconsidered/consideringtowinThesesuggestionsdeserveconsideration/considering/tobeconsidered.【寫作金句】Allinall,A

Dream

of

the

Red

MansionshaswonmyheartandIamconvincedthatitdeservesyourstoo.總之,《紅樓夢》贏得了我的心,我相信《紅樓夢》也值得你一讀。4.accusevt.控告,指控,譴責(zé)教材原句Themanwasaccusedofstealingmoney.(P9)這人被指控偷了錢?！驹~塊必記】(1)accusesb.of(doing)sth. 指責(zé)/控告某人(做)某事(2)theaccused 被告【易混辨析】動詞含義搭配accuse當(dāng)面指責(zé)或指控accusesb.of...charge因犯較大錯誤或重大罪行而正式起訴chargesb.with...【思維拓展】與“accusesb.ofsth.”結(jié)構(gòu)類似的其他結(jié)構(gòu)還有:①robsb.ofsth.搶劫某人某物。②ridsb.ofsth.使某人擺脫某物。③warnsb.ofsth.警告某人某事。④informsb.ofsth.通知某人某事。⑤remindsb.ofsth.提醒某人某事?！菊Z境速測】單句語法填空①Theworkersaccusedtheirboss__havingbrokenhisword.②Forlackofenoughevidence,the_______(accuse)wasallowedtogofree.③Idon’tthinkit’sfairtoaccusemeof______(have)anattitudeproblem.句型轉(zhuǎn)換④Thepolicechargedthesuspectwithstealingthejewels.→Thepolice_______thesuspect__stealingthejewels.ofaccusedhavingaccusedof【寫作金句】Aslongasyoudowhatyoucan,noonewillaccuseyouevenifyoufailinthefuture.只要你盡力而為,即使將來失敗也沒有人指責(zé)你。5.accountvt.認(rèn)為是,視為n.解釋,說明;賬目;(銀行)賬戶;描述,敘述教材原句Asanexperiencedaccountant,myfatherhasgainedtherespectofhiscolleagues.(P15)作為一個富有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的會計,我的父親得到了他的同事們的尊重?！驹~塊必記】(1)onaccountof=becauseof 由于,因?yàn)閛nnoaccount 決不takeaccountof=oaccount 考慮到;顧及(2)accountfor 是……的(說明或原因); (數(shù)量上、比例上)占【思維拓展】表示“決不”的短語還有:onnocondition,innocase,innoway,innocircumstances,bynomeans等。當(dāng)它們位于句首時,句子要用部分倒裝?！臼煸~生義】Shegavethepoliceafullaccountoftheincident. _____她向警方詳盡地敘述了所發(fā)生的事情。描述【語境速測】單句語法填空①Howdoyouaccount___havingmadesomanymistakesinyourhomework?②Hisexamresultswerenotverygood,butwemusttakehislongillness____account.③Thegovernmentshouldtakeaccount__theinterestsofthedisabled.④Wedelayedourdeparture___accountofthebadweather.forintoofon完成句子⑤_______________________leavethebabyaloneinthehome.

你切不可將嬰兒獨(dú)自留在家中。⑥Isincerelyhopethatyouwill_________________________________________

我真誠地希望你能考慮我的建議。takemysuggestionsintoaccount/consideration.OnnoaccountshouldyouⅡ.核心短語6.odoingsth.說服某人做某事教材原句Goandseeyourteacherandtrytotalkhimorherintogivingyouabettergrade.(P8)去找你的老師,并盡力說服他或她給你更好點(diǎn)兒的分?jǐn)?shù)?！驹~塊必記】(1)odoingsth.=persuade/odoingsth.=persuadesb.todosth. 說服某人做某事talksb.outofdoingsth.=persuade/arguesb.outofdoingsth.=persuadesb.nottodosth. 說服某人不做某事(2)talkof 談到,說到talkabout 談?wù)?議論【語境速測】單句語法填空①Tomydelight,Isucceededintalkingmyfatherinto______(give)upsmoking.②Youcantalk_____AmericancustomsandfestivalsbecauseChinesestudentsareinterestedinthem.③Talking__literature,doyouhaveanyinterestinLuXun’sworks?givingaboutof句型轉(zhuǎn)換④Mywifepersuadedmetobuyanewhousebeforehousepriceswentup.→Mywife______________________________________________beforehousepriceswentup.

talked/persuaded/ermsof就……而言;在……方面;從某個角度上看教材原句...especiallyintermsof“peopleskills”,suchasunderstandingandcommunication.(P9)……尤其是在“人際交往能力”方面,比如理解和溝通?！驹~塊必記】beongood/bad/friendlytermswithsb. 與某人關(guān)系好/不好/友好cometotermswith... 對……讓步,遷就……,

接受(不愉快的事);適應(yīng)……inthelong/shortterm 從長期/短期角度看【語境速測】完成句子①Thecountryisverypoorandithasto_________________theneighbouringcountries.

這個國家很窮,它不得不遷就鄰國。②Learningisnotalwayseasy,butitisalwaysbeneficial______________.

學(xué)習(xí)并不總是那么簡單,但從長遠(yuǎn)看它總是有益的。③We__________________________ourneighborsforalltheseyears.

這么多年來我們一直和鄰居關(guān)系很好。cometotermswithinthelongtermhavebeenongoodtermswithⅢ.經(jīng)典句式8.Ireallydislikeitwhenheeatsgarlicforlunch.

我真的不喜歡他午飯吃大蒜?！镜湫屠洹竣買dislikeitwhenitrainsforseveraldays.我討厭連續(xù)幾天都下雨。②Wereallyappreciateditwhensheofferedtohelp.她來幫忙了,我們十分感激?！揪湫凸健?1)英語中,某些表示“喜、怒、哀、樂”的動詞,如like,enjoy,love,dislike,hate,appreciate,prefer等接when/if引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語時,通常用it作形式賓語,而把賓語從句放在it之后。(2)類似用法的短語有seetoitthat...“務(wù)必,確?！?depend/relyonitthat...“依賴/相信”;takeitforgrantedthat...“認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然的”等?！菊Z境速測】完成句子①Nowadaysitistypicalofayounggenerationto____________________parentsshouldmeetwhatevertheydesire.

當(dāng)今,年輕一代理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為父母應(yīng)該滿足他們的一切欲望,這是他們的典型特征。②He____________theworkwasfinishedontime.

他確保工作按時完成。takeitforgrantedthatsawtoitthat【寫作金句】WheneverIhavedifficultiesinmyEnglishstudy,youaretheonethatIwillturntofirst.AndIreallyappreciateditthatyouneverrefusedme.

每當(dāng)我在英語學(xué)習(xí)上遇到困難時,我都會首先求助于你。我真的很感激你從沒有拒絕我。9.Perhapsthepostcodewaswrong,andthat’swhytheletterneverarrived.

可能郵政編碼錯了,那就是信一直未收到的原因?！镜湫屠洹縏hat’swhyyouneedababy-sitter.那就是你需要一個保姆的原因?！揪湫凸健?1)That’swhy... 意為“那就是……的原因”,why引導(dǎo)表語從句。(2)That’sbecause... 意為“那是因?yàn)椤?because引導(dǎo)表語從句。(3)Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat... 意為“……的原因是……”,why引導(dǎo) 定語從句,that引導(dǎo)表語從句?！菊`區(qū)釋疑】(1)在句型“That’swhy/because...”中,why后強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果,because后強(qiáng)調(diào)原因。(2)在句型“Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...”中,表語從句只能用that引導(dǎo),不能用because。【語境速測】完成句子①Tomwasill.____________hecamelateforthemeeting.

湯姆病了,那就是他開會遲到的原因。②Tomcamelateforthemeeting.________________hewasill.

湯姆開會遲到了,那是因?yàn)樗×?。③______________Tomcamelateforthemeeting________hewasill.

湯姆開會遲到的原因是他病了。ThatwaswhyThatwasbecauseThereasonwhywasthat【寫作金句】ThereasonwhyIshowrespectforheristhatsheneverlosestemperbutinsteadalwaysencouragesme.我尊敬她的原因是她從不發(fā)脾氣,反而總是鼓勵我?！緜溥x要點(diǎn)】1.desiren.渴望,欲望v.期望,渴望教材原句Tourguidesneedtobeindependent,outgoingandhaveadesiretoshareinformation.(P10)導(dǎo)游需要獨(dú)立、外向并且有分享信息的渴望?！驹~塊必記】【誤區(qū)釋疑】desire后跟賓語從句時,從句謂語動詞用(should+)動詞原形,表示虛擬語氣。用法相同的動詞還有:suggest,order,demand,require,advise等?！菊Z境速測】單句語法填空①Wealwaysdesire______(live)inharmonywithourneighbors.

②Hehasastrongdesire___successthoughhehasfailedmanytimes.③Theydesireus__________(complete)theworkwithinonemonth.

完成句子④He___________________meetyou.

他極想見你。⑤Weall________________________.

我們都渴望健康和幸福。tolivefortocompletehasastrongdesiretodesirehealthandhappiness【寫作金句】Inaddition,tellherthatyoudesiretobeindependentandeagerformorefreedom.另外,告訴她你渴望獨(dú)立,渴望更多的自由。2.satisfactionn.滿意,滿足教材原句Ithinktourguidesmustalsogetalotofsatisfactionoutofseeingotherpeopleenjoyingthemselves.(P10)我認(rèn)為看到游客玩得很高興,導(dǎo)游一定也會感到很滿足?！驹~塊必記】(1)toone’ssatisfaction 使某人滿意的是with/insatisfaction 滿意地befarfromsatisfaction 令人很不滿意的,遠(yuǎn)非令人滿意的(2)satisfy vt.使?jié)M意,使高興besatisfiedwith 對……感到滿意【構(gòu)詞法】satisf(y)+-action(名詞后綴)→satisfactionn.滿意,滿足【誤區(qū)釋疑】satisfaction意為“滿意,滿足”時,是不可數(shù)名詞;意為“快事,樂事”時,是可數(shù)名詞?！菊Z境速測】單句語法填空①Theresultofhistestseemedtobe_________(satisfy).②Iwasnot________(satisfy)withwhathedid.③Iexpressedmy__________(satisfy)withthedress.完成句子④_______________________,histeamwonthechampionship.

令教練滿意的是,他的隊伍贏得了冠軍。satisfyingsatisfiedsatisfactionTothecoach’ssatisfaction【寫作金句】Abouttwohourslater,withourbasketsfull,wewentout,wearingtiredbutsatisfiedexpressions.大約兩個小時后,我們的籃子滿了,我們帶著疲憊但滿意的表情走了出去。3.reliefn.寬慰,輕松;解脫;減輕,消除;緩和教材原句It’llbearealreliefwhenthey’refound.(P12)只有找到他們時才能真正松口氣?！驹~塊必記】(1)toone’srelief 令某人感到欣慰的是Whatarelief! 可松口氣了!with/inrelief 如釋重負(fù);松了口氣(2)relieve v.解除,減輕,緩和relievesb.of 解除某人的(負(fù)擔(dān)、痛苦等)【熟詞生義】Reliefagenciesaresteppingupeffortstoprovidefood,shelter,andagriculturalequipment. ______________救濟(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)正在加緊提供食物、住處和農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)備。救濟(jì);救濟(jì)物資【語境速測】單句語法填空①Afterhandinginhispaper,hereturnedtohisseat_______relief.②Thenewsecretarywillrelieveus__thepaperwork.③Smilingandlaughinghasactuallybeenshownto______(relief)tensionandstress.in/withofrelieve完成句子④_________________(讓他們感到非常欣慰的是),theircountrywasbroughtbacktolifeinashorttimeafterthewar.

⑤____________(終于可以松一口氣了)!Italmosttookusfiveyearstopaybackallthemoneyweborrowedfromthebank.

MuchtotheirreliefWhatarelief4.sheltervi.&

vt.&

n.躲避;保護(hù),掩蔽,庇護(hù);避難所教材原句Theymightbeshelteringinacave.(P13)他們或許正躲在山洞里?！驹~塊必記】(1)take/seekshelterfrom... 躲避……undertheshelterof... 在……的庇護(hù)下(2)shelterfrom... 躲避……sheltersb.from... 保護(hù)/庇護(hù)某人以避開……【熟詞新義】Theybuiltaroughshelterfromoldpiecesofwood.他們用舊木條搭了一個簡陋的窩棚。

_______遮蔽物【語境速測】單句語法填空①______theshelterofthebay,therewasnorisktoaboatinthehandsofexperiencedsailors.②Theytookshelter_____adownpourunderatree.完成句子③Peopleweredesperately__________________thegunfire.

人們拼命地找地方躲避炮火。④They_____________thesununderabigtree.

他們在一棵大樹底下乘涼。Underfromseekingshelterfromshelteredfrom5.judgen.裁判,法官vt.評判;判斷;審判,判決教材原句It’sdifficulttojudgebutwethoughttheymightbeinthesameclassandthattheywerediscussingaproblem.(P16)很難判斷,但我們認(rèn)為他們可能在同一個班級,他們正在討論一個問題。【詞塊必記】(1)judge...from/by... 從……來判斷asfarasIcanjudge 據(jù)我判斷;我認(rèn)為(2)judgingby/from 從……上看;根據(jù)……判斷(3)judgement n.判斷力;評價【構(gòu)詞法】judge+-ment(名詞后綴)=judgementn.判斷力;評價【誤區(qū)釋疑】judgingfrom/by用在句首時,為一個獨(dú)立成分,不受句子主語和時態(tài)影響,只用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語而不采用過去分詞的形式?！菊Z境速測】單句語法填空①Apparently,blindlyfollowingothers’advicewillaffectourown__________(judge).②_______(judge)bywhathesaid,hisrequestwasreasonable.③Tojudge_____whathesaid,hewasverydisappointed.judgementJudgingfrom完成句子④__________________(依我看來),hecanrealizehisdreamofgoingtouniversity.

⑤_____________________________________(從她臉上的神情看),shemusthavenewsofgreatexcitementtotellus.

AsfarasIcanjudgeJudgingby/fromtheexpressiononherface【文化金句】Neverjudgefromappearances.不可以貌取人。6.devotevt.獻(xiàn)身于,專心致志于教材原句Shedevotesalotofhertimetocaringtheneighbours.(P17)她花了很多時間照顧?quán)従??！驹~塊必記】(1)devoteoneselfto(doing)sth. 獻(xiàn)身于/致力于(做)某事devoteone’slife/time/money/energyto(doing)sth.

把某人的一生/時間/金錢/精力奉獻(xiàn)于(做)某事(2)devoted adj.忠實(shí)的;深愛的bedevotedto(doing)sth. 專心于/奉獻(xiàn)于(做)某事(3)devotion n.關(guān)愛;關(guān)照;奉獻(xiàn);忠誠【思維拓展】devote(oneself)to中的to是介詞,其后常接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語,類似的短語還有:①lookforwardto(doing)sth. 盼望(做)某事②beopposed/objectto(doing)sth. 反對(做)某事③getdownto(doing)sth. 開始著手(做)某事④payattentionto(doing)sth. 注意(做)某事⑤leadto(doing)sth. 導(dǎo)致(做)某事⑥be/getused/accustomedto(doing)sth. 習(xí)慣于(做)某事⑦adapt/adjust(oneself)to(doing)sth. 適應(yīng)(做)某事⑧beaddictedto(doing)sth. 對(做)某事上癮【語境速測】單句語法填空①Frommyfirstjobattherestaurant,Ilearnedteamworkand________(devote).②Sheisagoodwifeanda_______(devote)mother.devotiondevoted句式升級③Theyoungladyisdevotedtoteachingthedeafchildrenandhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter.________________________________________theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter.(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)

_________________________________theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter.(過去分詞作狀語)

Devotingherselftoteachingthedeafchildren,Devotedtoteachingthedeafchildren,【寫作金句】DevotedtolearningEnglishforyears,IthinkI’mequaltothejobbecauseIamcapableofcommunicatingwithforeignersinEnglish.多年來一直致力于學(xué)習(xí)英語,我認(rèn)為我能勝任這份工作,因?yàn)槲铱梢杂糜⒄Z與外國人交流。7.can’thelpdoingsth.禁不住要做某事教材原句Icould’thelplaughingatthisandIinvitedherbacktomyapartmentforaquickcupoftea.(P14)我忍不住笑了,我邀請她到我的公寓喝杯茶?！驹~塊必記】can’thelp(to)dosth. 不能幫忙做某事can’thelpbutdosth.=candonothingbutdosth.=havenochoicebuttodosth. 不得不做某事【語境速測】單句語法填空①Ican’thelp_______(clean)theroom,becauseIhavetodomyhomework.

②Allthestudentscouldn’thelp________(laugh)whentheyheardthejoke.③Hismotherdidn’tcomebackandtheboycouldn’thelpbut____(stay)aloneathome.tocleanlaughingstay8.drawup起草;制訂;擬訂;(車輛)到達(dá)某處停下、停止教材原句Drawupanagendaanddiscussitwiththegroup.(P8)起草一個議程表,并同組員討論?！驹~塊必記】【語境速測】完成句子①Atlastthetwosides____________________afteratoughtalk.

艱難的談判之后最終雙方擬定了一份協(xié)議。②Thedeadline______________;wecan’tdelayanymore.

最后期限快到了,我們不能再拖延了。drewupanagreementisdrawingnear【寫作金句】WhenQingmingisdrawingnear,peopleflykitesduringdayandnight.當(dāng)清明臨近時,人們在白天和晚上都會放風(fēng)箏。Step3強(qiáng)化檢測·提升學(xué)習(xí)能力Ⅰ.單句語法填空1.(2020·江蘇高考)Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins(蛋白質(zhì))thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin(胰島素)levelsthroughoutthebodyandsoare_________(associate)withimprovedmetabolichealth.2.(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)His_________(judge)andreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.associatedjudgment3.(2019·全國卷Ⅱ)I’msecretly_______(relief)becauseIknowthere’srealpowerinsharingvolunteerresponsibilitiesamongmany.4.(2019?北京高考)Oceancolourvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeand____________(concentrate)ofphytoplankton.5.(2019·全國卷Ⅲ)Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesire_________(change)thetradition.

relievedconcentrationtochangeⅡ.語法填空(黑體詞為本單元重點(diǎn)詞匯)

Intermsofwriting,manyfamouswritershaveemergedatalltimesandathomeandabroad.Forexample,MoYan,HelenKellerandsoon,let’sgettoknowthesetwowriterstogether.

MoYan’sstrengthiscreatingcountrysidecharacters.However,hehasfoundithardtoconcentrate1.___hiswritingsincehewonthe2012NobelPrizeinonLiterature.Themorefamoushebecomes,thelesstimehehastowrite.What’sworse,oncehewaseven2.________(accuse)ofplagiarizing(抄襲).Sohedesires3._____(live)asimplelifeanddevoteallhistimeto4._______(write).Asweallknow,HelenKellerisagiftedwriter,butsheisassociated5.____disability.accusedtolivewritingwithAccordingtoherdescription,highfeverinchildhood6._________(account)forherdeafnessandblindness.Buttoherreliefandsatisfaction,herteacherMsSullivanmanagedtotalkher7.____learninglanguage.That’swhyshecould

endup8._________(become)awriterlater.ThespiritofHelenKeller9.________(deserve)tobelearnedbyallofus.Sodon’tjudgeaperson10.___

hisorherappearance.

accountedintobecomingdeservesbyⅢ.短文改錯

Mymomisreallyconcerningwiththehealthofeveryoneinourfamilies.Inordertomakesurelyallofusareingoodhealth,andshemakesspecificplansforus.Forexample,everymorning,mydadhastohavethebowlofeggsoupwhileIhadtoeatanapple.Mydaddon’tlikethesoupandIdon’tenjoyapples.Itellmymomthatifwe’reforcedeatthings,wemaybecomeill.Butheinsistsonuseatinghealthyfood.Understandinghergoodintentions,Ieatallthefoodwhatisprovidedbymomwithappreciation.答案:

1.【解析】第一句:concerning改為concerned?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z搭配。句意:我的媽媽真的很關(guān)心家里每一個人的身體健康。beconcernedwith為固定短語搭配,意為“關(guān)心,擔(dān)心,掛念”,所以concerning改為concerned。2.【解析】第一句:families改為family?？疾槊~單復(fù)數(shù)。family家庭,指“家庭全體成員”時,要用families,強(qiáng)調(diào)“家庭”這個整體概念時,要用family。3.【解析】第二句:surely改為sure?？疾楣潭ǘ陶Z搭配。句意:為了確保我們都有一個健康的身體,她為我們制訂了專門的(飲食)計劃。makesure為固定搭配,意為“確?！?常跟從句,因此surely改為sure。4.【解析】第二句:去掉and。考查連詞。整句話中,后半部分為主句,前半部分是目的狀語,兩個句子間并非并列關(guān)系,不能用連詞連接,所以去掉連詞and。5.【解析】第三句:the改為a?？疾楣谠~。句意:例如,每天早晨,我爸爸都得喝一碗雞蛋湯,而我必須吃一個蘋果。the為定冠詞,a為不定冠詞,喝一碗雞蛋湯haveabowlofeggsoup,不用特指。6.【解析】第三句:had改為have。考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的has可以判斷,時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時,從句中had改為have,保持主謂一致和句中前后時態(tài)的一致性。7.【解析】第四句:第一個don’t要改為doesn’t?？疾橹髦^一致。句意:我爸爸不喜歡喝湯,我也不喜歡吃蘋果。句中主語為Mydad,為第三人稱,謂語動詞需與主語保持一致,因此don’t要改為doesn’t。8.【解析】第五句:forced后加to?？疾楣潭ù钆?。句意:我告訴媽媽,如果我們被強(qiáng)迫吃東西,我們會生病的。forcesb.todosth.意為“強(qiáng)迫某人做某事”,sb.beforcedtodosth.意為“某人被強(qiáng)迫做某事”,forced后要加to。9.【解析】第六句:he改為she?？疾槿朔Q代詞。句意:但是她堅持讓我們吃健康食品。聯(lián)系上文,可知,媽媽一直讓我們吃健康食品,由此判斷,此處人稱代詞錯誤,主語he改為she。10.【解析】第七句:what改為that?？疾殛P(guān)系代詞。句意:理解了她的好意,我懷著感激之心吃光了媽媽提供的食物。Ieatallthefood這句話結(jié)構(gòu)完整,不缺成分,后面的關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞是thefood,其前有all修飾,只能用關(guān)系代詞that?！疽族e誤區(qū)】what還是that(1)誤導(dǎo)原因:定語從句中,先行詞前面有all修飾,這種情況下關(guān)系代詞只能用that,而不能用其他的關(guān)系代詞。(2)去偽存真:what可引導(dǎo)主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句,但是卻不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。限制性定語從句中,先行詞由all、little等修飾時,關(guān)系代詞只能用that。Step4直擊高考·培養(yǎng)思維品質(zhì)Ⅰ.話題與閱讀理解(2019·北京高考閱讀理解B)AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur(創(chuàng)業(yè)者),whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythetimeshewas13,hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids’teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,“Whycan’tImakeahealthycandythat’sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan’tsaynotoit?”Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.Withherdad’spermission,shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessofftheground.Afterwards,sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner,whofinallyagreedtosellMoore’sproduct—CanCandy.AsCanCandy’ssuccessgrows,sodoesMoore’scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated,andshe’salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.Meanwhile,withherparents’help,Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife,shewasn’tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilieCandy’sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.【文章大意】女孩愛麗絲·摩爾在2015年創(chuàng)辦了自己的糖果公司,生產(chǎn)對兒童牙齒有保護(hù)作用的糖果。她不僅有經(jīng)商才能,而且向BigSmiles組織捐了款,她愿意給他人帶來微笑。1.HowdidMoorereacttoherdad’swarning?A.Shearguedwithhim.B.Shetriedtofindawayout.C.Shepaidnoattention.D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知她詢問父親是否可以開辦一家自己的糖果公司,可知她在想辦法解決,故選B。2.WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?A.Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth.B.Itisfreeofsweeteners.C.Itissweeterthanothercandies.D.Itisproducedtoadentists’recipe.【解析】選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段末句“Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.”可知她成功地用天然甜味劑制作了一種糖果,可以減少口腔細(xì)菌。故選A。3.WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?A.Toearnmoremoney.B.Tohelpothersfindsmiles.C.Tomakeherselfstandout.D.Tobeatothercandycompanies.【解析】選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)末段第三句“Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.”可知她想要幫助別人微笑,故選B。4.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore’sstory?A.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.C.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.【解析】選C。推理判斷題。本文敘述了女孩愛麗絲·摩爾在遇到問題的時候,勇于向父親和牙醫(yī)請教,并且積極地思考并尋找解決辦法,付諸行動,最后成功的故事,故選C?！局R拓展】難句剖析Consequently,shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners,whichcanreduceoralbacteria.分析:

本句的主干是shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語,which引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾先行詞candy。翻譯:

因此,她成功地制造了一種只使用天然甜味劑的糖果,這種甜味劑可以減少口腔細(xì)菌?！疚⒓寄茳c(diǎn)撥】

同義替換?辨位對應(yīng)巧解細(xì)節(jié)理解題解答細(xì)節(jié)理解題多采用原文中的直接信息進(jìn)行考查,不需要考生進(jìn)行推理,此時可采用“原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)”方法進(jìn)行