初中英語基礎(chǔ)語法

初中英語基礎(chǔ)語法整理---句子成分知識分析（1）組成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語等。各成分在句中的作用如何?組成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語等。各成分在句中的作用如何?分別由哪些詞及短語充當(dāng)?1.主語：是句子要說明的人或事物，是句子的主體，一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式或動名詞等充當(dāng)。如：Thecarisrunningfast.(名詞Wearestudents.(代詞)OneofmyclassmatesisfromShanghai.(數(shù)詞)It'sbadmannerstospitinpublic.(不定式)Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.(【注意】若不定式短語作主語常用it作形式主語，而把真正的主語(不定式短語)放在句后。2.謂語：說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)，也是句子的主體部分，一般由動詞充當(dāng)。動詞分為實(shí)義動詞、連系動詞、情態(tài)動詞和助動詞。實(shí)義動詞單獨(dú)作謂語，連系動詞與表語一起構(gòu)成謂toHeworksinafactory.(實(shí)義動詞)Ifeltcold.(系動詞+表語)HowcanIgettothestation?(情態(tài)動詞+實(shí)義動詞DoyouspeakEnglish?(助動詞+實(shí)義動詞)Theyareworkinginafield.(助動詞+實(shí)義動詞)【注意】謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要相互照應(yīng)。3.賓語：是及物動詞所涉及的對象，一般由名詞、代詞、不定式及動名詞等充當(dāng)。如：Heisdoinghishomework.(名詞)Theydidnothingthismorning.(代詞)Shewantstogohome.(不定式)Weenjoyplayingfootball.(動名詞)【注意】①有的動詞可接雙賓語，間接賓語指人，直接賓語指物。這類動詞常見的有：give，buy，lend，pass，tell，leave等。如：Heboughtmeabook.Passmetheball，willyou?(間賓+直賓)直接賓語一般放在間接賓語之后，但若把直接賓語放在前面，則要在間接賓語前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~如to或for等。如：HanChenlentsomemoneytoLiHai.(直賓+間賓)XiaoLiuboughtadictionaryforTom.(直賓+間賓)②有的動詞常用不定式作賓語，而不能用動名詞。這類動詞有：want，wish，hope，promise，decide，agree，choose，care等。如：Ihopetoseeyouagain.practise，miss，suggest，keep(on)Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?④有的動詞后接不定式與動名詞含義不同。a)forgettodo表示“未發(fā)生的動作”，forgetdoing表示“已完成的動作”。如：Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(還沒來Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.()b)stoptodo(不定式為狀語)表示“停下原來的事，去做另一件事”，stopdoing表示“停止做某事”。如：Istoppedtotalkwithhim.(我停下來與他談話。)Thestudentsstoppedtalkingwhentheteachere。句子成分練習(xí)題（一）(一).指出下列句中主語的中心詞（4分，4分鐘）①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.(二)選出句中謂語的中心詞（10分，10分鐘）①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don't B.like C.picture D.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.get B.longer C.days D.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.Do B.usually C.go D.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meeting C.thelibrary D.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfast⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.Tom B.didn't C.do D.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.want B.totell C.you D.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.We B.had C.send D.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.is B.interested C.in D.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.give B.did C.whom D.book(三)挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，10分鐘）①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas" reallyis.初中英語基礎(chǔ)語法整理---句子成分知識分析（2）4.4.Whatabeautifulkiteitis!(形容詞)Sheisachemistry名詞)Therearetwostudentsintheclassroom.(數(shù)詞)Wehavesomethingtodotomorrow.(不定式)Themaninblueismybrother.(介詞短語)【注意】定語一般位于被修飾詞之前，但若修飾不定代詞或不定式等短語作定語，則放在后面。5.5.狀語：用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，一般由副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語或從句充當(dāng)。單個副詞作狀語一般放在被修飾詞之前，短語或從句放在句首或句末。如：Thankyouverymuch.(副詞)Igetupatfiveinthemorning.(介詞短語)Heisstudyinghardsoastocatchupwithothers.(不定式短語)Wewerehavingbreakfastwhenthetelephonerang.(從句)【注意】enough作狀語只能放在被修飾詞之后。如：Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.6.6.表語：用于說明主語的身份、特征或感受，一般由名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、分詞等充當(dāng)。常用的連系動詞有：be，look，get，sound(聽起來)，feel，become，smell，turn，taste(嘗起來)等。如：Theyareworkers.(名詞)Twoandthreeisfive.(數(shù)詞)Thestoryisveryinteresting.(形容詞)Myjob(工作)isteachingEnglish.(動名詞Sheisathome.()Ifeelterrible.(形容詞)Thedishtastesdelicious.(形容詞)7.7.賓語補(bǔ)足語：用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補(bǔ)足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。需接復(fù)合賓語的動詞有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“”一般由不定式短語、分詞、名詞、形容詞等充當(dāng)。如：Weelectedhimmonitor.(名詞)IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.(形容詞)Thedoctortoldmetodomoreexercise.(不定式短語)Heisgoingtohavehishaircut.(過去分詞)Theysawabirdflyinginthesky.(現(xiàn)在分詞)句子成分練習(xí)題（二）(四)挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語（6分，6分鐘）①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.⑥D(zhuǎn)idyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?(五)劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語（5分，5分鐘）①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?(六)挑出下列句中的表語（5分，5分鐘）①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(七)挑出下列句中的定語（6分，6分鐘）①TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(八)挑出下列句中的狀語（8分，8分鐘）①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewa