英語戲劇欣賞

英語戲劇欣賞英語戲劇欣賞英語戲劇欣賞xxx公司英語戲劇欣賞文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準審核制定方案設計，管理制度BrokenofAmericanDreaminDeathofaSalesman【Abstract】Thegreatdramatisttocomeoutofthe1940sisAthurMillerwhowas,alongwithTennesseeWilliams,ledthepostwarnewdrama.Deathofasalesman,oneofAthurMiller’sbestplays,ishismasterpiece,wonhimthePulitzerPrizeforDramain1949andsomeotherprizes.UnliketheclassicGreekorElizabethantragedy,whichfocusesonthedownfallofanoblecharacter,DeathofASalesmanfocusesonanordinarycharacter,acommonAmericanman.It’ssaidthatMilleriscriticizingandcapitalismasapromoterofsocialism.【內容摘要】十九世紀四十年代米勒寫了一部最著名的戲劇，他和田納西威廉引領了戰(zhàn)后的戲劇發(fā)展。推銷員之死是米勒最好最杰出的劇作，在1949年為他贏得了普利策最佳戲劇獎和其他的獎項。與古代希臘和伊莉莎白時代的經(jīng)典悲劇不同，它關注的是一個角色的衰落。推銷員之死的主角是一個普通的美國人。米勒是批判資本主義者是社會的推動者?！綤eyWords】Americandream;friendship;materialisticAmericaDeathofaSalesmanisagreattragedywhichwaswrittenbyAmericandramatistArthurMiller.ThisdramaisoneofthethreegreattragediesintheAmericandramahistorywithTennesseeWilliams’sAStreetCarNamedDesireandEugeneO’Neill’sLongDay’sJouneyintoNight.Itisdifferentfromtheclassicaltragedy.It’sdemonstratedthroughwilly,theprotagonistduringthestory,whostrugglestosupporthisfamilyandevenhimself.It’sastoryofamanattheendofhislife,whorealizeshewaswastedhisyearsinpursuitofagoalisnotonlyunattainable,butwasneverrealtobeginwith.Ithinkthisdrama’sprotagonistwillyloman’problemsinlifewereusuallycausedofhischasetowardstheAmericandream.InDeathOfASalesman,wecanlearnalotaboutthebrokenofAmericandream—abeliefthataslongastheUnitedStatesafterahardstrugglewillbeabletoachievetheidealofabetterlife,thatis,peoplehavetoworkthroughtheirownhardwork,courage,creativityanddeterminationtomovetowardsProsperity.Therearealsomanyotherfactorscoulddirectionourlife.DeathofaSalesmaniscenteredononemantryingtoreachtheAmericandreamandtakinghisfamilyalongforride.Willyisatthebottomofthetotempoleinacapitalisticworld.Heownsnothing,andhemakesnothing,sohehasnosenseofaccomplishment.Hebelievesthatifapersoniswelllikedandhasagreatdealofpersonalattractiveness,thenalldoorswillautomaticallybeopenedforhim,andhebuilthislifearoundthosedream.Helivedeverydayofhislifetryingtobecomesuccessful,well-offsalesman.Hisself-imagethatheportrayedtootherswasalieandhewasevenabletodeceivehimselfwithit.Hetravelledaroundthecountrysellinghismerchandiseandmaybewhenhewasyounger,Willyloman,thesalesmanofthetitle,isas“phony”asMarkTwain’sColonelSellersbuthardworkingandhonest,butinrealitynotassuccessfuland“great”.Despitehisdesperatesearchingthroughhispast,Willydoesnotachievetheself-realizationorself-knowledgetypicalofthetragichero.Thequasi-resolutionthathissuicideoffershimrepresentsonlyapartialdiscoveryofthetruth.Whileheachievesaprofessionalunderstandingofhimselfandthefundamentalnatureofthesalesprofession,Willyfailstorealizehispersonalfailureandbetrayalofhissoulandfamilythroughthemeticulouslyconstructedartificeofhislife.Hecannotgraspthetruepersonal,emotional,spiritualunderstandingofhimselfasaliteral“l(fā)oman”or“l(fā)owman.”Willyistoodrivenbyhisown“willy”-nessorperverse“willfulness”torecognizetheslantedrealitythathisdesperatemindhasforged.Still,manycritics,focusingonWilly’sentrenchmentinaquagmireoflies,delusions,andself-deceptions,ignorethesignificantaccomplishmentofhispartialself-realization.Willy’sfailuretorecognizetheanguishedloveofferedtohimbyhisfamilyiscrucialtotheclimaxofhistorturousday,andtheplaypresentsthisincapacityastherealtragedy.Despitethisfailure,WillymakesthemostextremesacrificeinhisattempttoleaveaninheritancethatwillallowBifftofulfilltheAmericanDream.Ben’sfinalmantra—“Thejungleisdark,butfullofdiamonds”—turnsWilly’ssuicideintoametaphoricalmoralstruggle,afinalskewedambitiontorealizehisfullcommercialandmaterialcapacity.Hisfinalact,accordingtoBen,is“notlikeanappointmentatall”butlikea“diamond...roughandhardtothetouch.”Intheabsenceofanyrealdegreeofself-knowledgeortruth,Willyisabletoachieveatangibleresult.Insomerespect,Willydoesexperienceasortofrevelation,ashefinallycomestounderstandthattheproducthesellsishimself.ThroughtheimaginaryadviceofBen,WillyendsupfullybelievinghisearlierassertiontoCharleythat“afterallthehighways,andthetrains,andtheappointments,andtheyears,youendupworthmoredeadthanalive.”Workingthroughownhardwork,courage,creativityanddeterminationtomovetowardsprosperityisthemainideaoftheAmericandream,butintheDeathofASalesman,wecan’tfeelit.AsamemberoftheWangnerCompany,heworkedforthirty-fouryears,finally,hewasfiredbyHowardWangnerwhoiswilly’sboss,heisasymbolofthemodernbusinessman-professional,clinical,andultimatelyruthless.whenwillyisnolongerabletocontribute,heistooprofessionaltoarrangeanewjobforhim,andfiredhim,despitethefriendshipbetweenhisfatherandWilly.Then,asamiddle-agedsalesmanwhoisnolongerabletoearnaliving,willyhasbeenreducedtoworkingforcommissionalone,hastotravellongdistances,andevenhastoborrowmoneyfromCharrleytomakeendsmeet.Inordertoescapefromhisownfailure,hepressureshissonstomakesomethingofthem,andtheniscrushedwhentheydon’tliveuptohisexpectations.Biffloman,theordersonofwillyandLinda,heistheall-starathleteofthefamily,Afterdiscoveringhisfatherhadanaffair,heabandonedallofhisdreamsandsetouttomakehisownway.Unfortunatelyhecan’tescapehispathorwhathewastaughtasachild.Hecomestorealizethathewasonlyfootinghimselfintobelievinginhisfather’slies(thelemanhave“nevertoldthetruthfortenminutes”intheirhouse)abouthimself.Harodhappyloman,theyoungersonofWillyandLinda,epitomizesallofWilly’snegativepoints,suchasWilly’sbindfollowingoftheAmericandream.Happyisgenerallysupportiveofhisfather,heseemstoonlyworryaboutmakinghisparentsnoticehimeverifitmeansmakinglies.Twoboyshavetheirownideaabouttheirlife,theyplantostarasupportinggoodsbusinessinFloridaandputexhibitionsforpublicity.Atthattime,willyisoutraged,heownsnothing,hecan’tsupporthissons.Hereceivesonlyasmallcommissionasheages,andheslowlyloseshismindandattemptstokillhimselfbyinhalinggasfromthewaterheateroffromcrashinghiscar.Aswecansee,hecandonothingexceptthis,hisdeathwasalsoinvain,andhissonsgotnothingfromhisdeath,hisdreamfinallybrokedrown.WillyLoman,likesomanyotherAmericanmenofthelastcentury,isinconflictwithsociety,hisfamily,andhimself,andhimself.InhisstruggletocompeteinmaterialisticAmerican,hecomesupshort,societybeatshimdown.InhisefforttocommunicatewithhissonBiffandmoldhimintoasuccess,hefails.Inawarwithhisowninnerself,herefusestoacceptwhatheisordinary,average,unremarkable.Ultimately,willy’sinnerandouterconflictsdestroyhim.Atthefuneral,HapsaysWilly“didnotdieinvain.Hehadagooddream,it’stheonlydreamyoucanhavetocomeoutnumber-oneman.”WillyliveswithAmericandreamuntilhisdeath.Onedreamisnotworthallthepainandproblemshiscaused,heshouldhavelearnedtobecontentand,asharshasitmaybetobelieve,heshouldhaverealizedwhathecouldhaveaccomplishedandgivenuphisunablerealizeddream.DeathofaSalesman,ittoldthebrokenofAmericandreamtous,peoplehavetoworkthroughtheirownhardwork,courage,creativityanddeterminationtomovetowardsProsperity,whichmaynotalwaysrightpoint,therearealsomanyotherfactorscoulddirectionourlife.MillerhadanuncertainrelationshipwiththeideaoftheAmericandream.Ononehand,Bernard'ssuccessisademonstrationoftheideainitspuristandmostoptimisticform.Throughhisownhardworkandacademicsuccess,Bernardhasbecomeawell-respectedlawyer.Itisironic,however,thatthecharactermostobviouslyconnectedtotheAmericandream,whoboaststhatheenteredthejungleatageseventeenandcameoutattwenty-onearichman,actuallycreatedthissuccessinAfrica,ratherthanAmerica.ThereisthepossibilitythatBencreatedhisownsuccessthroughbruteforceratherthaningenuity.TheotherdoubtcastontheAmericandreaminDeathofaSalesmanisthattheLomanmen,despitetheircharmandgoodintentions,havenotmanagedtosucceedatall.MillerdemonstratesthattheAmericandreamleavesthosewhoneedabitmorecommunitysupport,whocannotadvocateforthemselvesasstrongly,inthedust.DeathofaSalesmanisconsideredby