北京市房山區(qū)2019屆高三英語(yǔ)二模試題(含解析)

房山區(qū)2019年高考第二次模擬測(cè)試

英語(yǔ)試題第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)， 45分)第一節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě) 1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AOurcatwasreadytogivebirthtoherkittens.Mysonwascuriousandexcitedtoseethebirthofthesenewbabies.Theeventtookplaceyesterday.Thecat(give)birthtoonekittenbythetimehearrivedhomefromschool.Hewassoamazedat2hesaw.Whenthesecondwasonitsway,themothercatbegantoyellveryloudly. Isawtearsinmyson'seyesbecausehelearnedaboutthepainofgivingbirth.【答案】1.hadgiven2.what【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講兒子看貓媽媽生小貓的事?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)短語(yǔ)“bythetimehearrivedhomefromschool”可知，此處應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，give的過(guò)去完成時(shí)形式是hadgiven。故填hadgiven?！?題詳解】考查連接代詞。分析句子可知，此處是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，需要填連詞； saw缺少賓語(yǔ)，且根據(jù)文意看見(jiàn)的應(yīng)該是貓生寶寶的事情，故用指物的連詞what。故填what?！军c(diǎn)睛】bythetime引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，它對(duì)應(yīng)的主句一般用完成時(shí)形式，例如第 1小題：Thecat(give)birthtoonekittenbythetimehearrivedhomefromschool.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句bythetimehearrivedhomefromschool 是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，give 過(guò)去完成時(shí)形式是hadgiven,故填hadgiven。DaveTallyhasnohomeandfewpossessions.So,whenhediscoveredanabandonedbackpack3$3,300initlastweek,thetemptation(誘惑)tokeepthemoneyfor4(he)musthavebeenunbelievable.ButheturnedthemoneyintotheTempeCommunityActionAgency,5hevolunteers.Theorganizationfoundthesourceofthecash:astudentwhohadplannedtousethemoney6(buy)ausedcar.Thestudentwasgratefultohavethemoney7,(return).AndwordspreadaboutTally'sgooddeed.【答案】3.with4.himself5.wheretobuy7.returned【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述DaveTally拾金不昧的行為?！?題詳解】考查介詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)該用介詞，且表達(dá)“有”意義的介詞是 with。故填with。【4題詳解】考查反身代詞。由介詞for可推出此處應(yīng)該用代詞賓格或反身代詞，又因本句主語(yǔ)為 he,根據(jù)主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)為同一人時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)用反身代詞可知，此處應(yīng)該用 he的反身代詞himself。故填himself?！?題詳解】考查關(guān)系副詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞連接，先行詞是theTempeCommunityActionAgency,指地點(diǎn)，在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。故用關(guān)系副詞where。故填where?！?題詳解】考查不定式。句意：這個(gè)組織查明了錢(qián)的主人是一個(gè)學(xué)生， 這個(gè)學(xué)生原本打算用這些錢(qián)買(mǎi)一輛二手車(chē)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；根據(jù)句意，花錢(qián)的目的是買(mǎi)二手車(chē)，表目的用不定式。故填tobuy?！尽绢}詳解】改變；B.crying哭；C.wandering想；D.complaining抱怨。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，親人去世是使人傷心的事，對(duì)于年事已高的老人來(lái)說(shuō)更是如此。 此處用“cry”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：做一些事情讓我走出痛苦，并且對(duì)社區(qū)有益。 A.danger危險(xiǎn)B.difficulty困難；C.sadness悲傷；D.anxiety焦慮。根據(jù)上下文可知，妻子去世讓老人很痛苦。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他聯(lián)系社區(qū)相關(guān)組織讓它們知曉他想去拜訪(fǎng)那些有困難的家庭。contacted聯(lián)系；B.attended參加；C.studied學(xué)習(xí)；D.established建立。根據(jù)語(yǔ)言表達(dá)習(xí)慣可知，此處應(yīng)該用“聯(lián)系/告知/通知組織”，BC加和文意不符合。故選A項(xiàng)。【16題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他想去幫助生活有困難的家庭。 A.peaceful和平的；B.hard困難的；C.boring無(wú)聊的；D.relaxing令人放松的。根據(jù)下文中"bakingupsomelovelycakesandpiesduringtheirtimeofneed. "（在他們有需要的時(shí)候?yàn)樗麄冏龅案夂团桑┛芍先藥椭氖巧钇D辛的家庭。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他所做的讓他在社區(qū)變得很出名。 A.widely廣泛地；B.rarely極少地；C.partly部分；D.hardly幾乎不。根據(jù)下文“Andwheneverpeoplemethim,theyshowedtheir8tohim.（無(wú)論何時(shí)人們遇到他，都會(huì)向他表達(dá)敬意）“可知，老人通過(guò)幫助有需要的人， 在社區(qū)變得很出名， “widelyknown”（廣泛被認(rèn)識(shí)）可以表達(dá)出名，符合語(yǔ)義。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.expectation期待；B.address地址；C.mercy同情；D.respect尊重。根據(jù)上下文可知，老人幫助別人，所以得到了大家的尊重。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我把每個(gè)人都當(dāng)作是我的朋友。 A.friend朋友；B.student學(xué)生；C.partner搭檔；D.neighbor鄰居。根據(jù)文意可知，老人是善良的人，所以把周?chē)娜硕籍?dāng)作朋友，這樣符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)?？疾閯?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：生于考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：生于1918年，Lellner經(jīng)歷了大蕭條時(shí)期，那時(shí)他家失去了自己的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。A.(live)through活過(guò)，經(jīng)歷過(guò)；B.(live)with忍受；C.(live)on靠…過(guò)活；D.(live)by以…為生。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)該是老人及一家經(jīng)歷了大蕭條時(shí)期。故選A項(xiàng)。【21題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一個(gè)孩子Lellner不得不輾轉(zhuǎn)于各州之間， 期待能在農(nóng)場(chǎng)找到工作，以此謀生。 A.relatives親人；B.schools學(xué)校；C.work工作；D.fortune財(cái)富，運(yùn)氣。根據(jù)下文可知，想要在那個(gè)特殊時(shí)期"makealiving”(謀生)，就不得不找工作。故選C項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。 句意：我明白窮意味著什么， 很多時(shí)候我們都只能把蔬菜和面粉混合在一起吃。A.famous著名的；B.poor窮的；C.popular流行的；D.lonely孤獨(dú)的。根據(jù)前文可知，在大蕭條時(shí)期他們失去了自己的農(nóng)場(chǎng)， 當(dāng)時(shí)還是孩子的作者也不得不出去工作，說(shuō)明生活很拮據(jù)。故選B項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Lellner給周?chē)娜藥?lái)了正面積極的影響。 A.confusion困惑；influence影響；C.trust信任；D.chaos混亂。根據(jù)下文“Childrenbegintolearntocooksotheycanspread16justashedoes. "(孩子們學(xué)著老人做食物,這樣他們就可以把愛(ài)傳遞)可知，老人的行為影響了大家。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。 句意：通過(guò)烘培，他已經(jīng)為這個(gè)社區(qū)做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)。 A.farm農(nóng)場(chǎng)；country國(guó)家；C.organization組織；D.community社區(qū)。根據(jù)文章大意可知， Lellner主要幫助的社區(qū)里有困難的人。故選D項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：善良是有影響力的。 A.Appearance外貌；B.Confidence信心；Encouragement鼓勵(lì)；D.Kindness善良。根據(jù)本文標(biāo)題可知，此處用“kindness”起點(diǎn)題作用。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們可以像他一樣把愛(ài)傳播。 A.news新聞；B.idea注意；C.love愛(ài)；D.knowledge知識(shí)。聯(lián)系上下文可知，孩子們學(xué)做食物的主要目的是幫助他人，而幫助他人就是對(duì)他人的愛(ài)和關(guān)心。故選 C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Lellner認(rèn)為樂(lè)于助人的愛(ài)好可能就是活得久，活得開(kāi)心的秘訣。A.happy幸福的；B.noisy吵鬧的；C.crazy瘋狂的；D.busy繁忙的。聯(lián)系上下文可知，老人非常愿意幫助他人，而且樂(lè)在其中；且本文從頭到尾都在講幫助他人的積極影響，所以此處應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)符合語(yǔ)境的詞。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：生活總是會(huì)給我們機(jī)會(huì)多走一步，或者做能影響他人的善舉。A.deal待遇，協(xié)議；B.wish愿望；C.career職業(yè)；D.difference影響。聯(lián)系上下文可知，此處用“makeadifference”呼應(yīng)前文的“influence”。故選 D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最絕妙的事情是，當(dāng)我們幫助他人的時(shí)候我們自己有了更好的改變。A.easier更容易的；B.better更好的；C.healthier更健康的；D.steadier更穩(wěn)定的。根據(jù)下文的“Ittwiceblessed”（它是雙倍的祝福）可知，“雙倍祝?！笔侵福瑤椭瞬粌H對(duì)他人有好處，于自己也是有好處的， B項(xiàng)中的better符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：它祝福給予幫助的人，也祝福受到幫助的人。A.deserves值得；B.waits等待；C.gives給；D.qualifies合格。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)和"receive"相對(duì)的詞。故選C項(xiàng)。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共 15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ATheWorld’sBestHearingAidValueUnder$200,theDoctor’sChoiceforAdvancedHearingAidTechnologyHowcanahearingaidcostlessthan$200?Whenyoubuyahearingaid,besuretochooseapairthateverybitofitisasgoodasonethatsellsfor$2500ormore.AlthoughgreatprogresshasbeenmadeinAdvancedHearingAidTechnology,thosecostreductionsorfallsinpriceshavenotpassedontoyou -UntilNow.TheMDHearingAidPROhasbeencarefullytestedbyleadingENT（Ear,NoseandThroat）physiciansandaudiologists（ 聽(tīng)力學(xué)家）whohavetotallyagreedthatthesoundqualityandoutputinmanycasesisbetterthanmoreexpensivehearingaids.SinceMedicareandmostprivateinsurancedonotcoverhearingaids,ENTsurgeonDr.Cherukuridesignedagame—changingsolutionwithoutsacrificingthequalityofcomponentsthatyoucanactuallyafford.“Irecommendthemtomypatientswithhearingloss. ”—AmyS.AudiologistIndiana“IhavehadthisaidtwodaysandallIcansayisWOW! ”—TerrsaH.,Grove,NJ“Itissomuchbetterthanthe$3000hearingaidIhadbeenusingforyears.”—RobertC.SouthBendThefactis,youdon'tneedtopayhighpricesforamedical-gradeFDAregisteredhearingaid,MDHearingAidPROisahighperformancehearingaidthatworksrightoutoftheboxwithnotime-consumingaadjustment"appointments.Youcanconvenientlyaccessahearingspecialistonlineorbyphone —evenafterthesale.Noothercompanyprovidessuchextensivesupport.Over75000satisfiedcustomersagree.Nowthatyouknow,whypaymore?Tryitathomewithinour45-DayRisk-FreeTrail（ 免費(fèi)試用）.Ifyouarenotcompletelysatisfied,simplyreturnitwithinthattimeperiodandwewillgivebackyourmoneyfora100%ofyourpurchaseprice.800-475-7618UseCode:DB91ForayearsupplyofFreeBatteriesandFreeShippingGetMDHearingAWhatisspecialabouttheadvertisedHearingAid?Itischeapercomparedwithotherhearingaids.Ithasbeentestedbyphysiciansandaudiologists.Itishelpfulforthepeoplewhohavehearingproblems.Itisofthebestqualityandthemostadvancedtechnology.Thisadvertisementismademorebelievableby .providingrealdatausingrecommendationsofferingreasonsfortheinventionshowingtheresultsoftheexperimentsIfyouaredissatisfiedwiththeproduct,youcan .contactwiththesurgeoninpersonmakeaphonecalltocomplainaboutitgetallyourmoneybackwithin45daysvisitthewebsitetoconsulttheinformation【答案】31.A32.B33.C【解析】這是一則廣告。文章推薦了一種助聽(tīng)器，它的價(jià)格便宜，但效果超越其它同類(lèi)產(chǎn)品?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一和第二自然段提到的“l(fā)essthan$200”可知，廣告里所提到的助聽(tīng)器的最大特點(diǎn)是便宜。故選A項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。從文章中所引用的三個(gè)人的話(huà)：“Irecommendthemtomypatientswithhearingloss.”—AmyS.Audiologist（AmyS.Audiologist-我把他們推薦給我有聽(tīng)力問(wèn)題的病人）；“IhavehadthisaidtwodaysandallIcansayisWOW!”—TerrsaH.,Grove,NJ（Terrsa-我已經(jīng)用了助聽(tīng)器兩天，它太棒了）；“ItissomuchbetterthanRobertC.SouthBend（Robert-theRobertC.SouthBend（Robert-它比我那用了好幾年的3000美元的助聽(tīng)器要好的多）可判斷出，正是他們的推薦和評(píng)價(jià)讓廣告看起來(lái)更真實(shí)可信。故選 B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章中“Tryitathomewithinour45-DayRisk-FreeTrail（ 免費(fèi)試用）.Ifyouarenotcompletelysatisfied,simplyreturnitwithinthattimeperiodandwewillgivebackyourmoneyfora100%ofyourpurchaseprice.”（免費(fèi)試用45天，在此期間如果不滿(mǎn)意可退還全部款項(xiàng)）可知，45天內(nèi)退還助聽(tīng)器可以得到全部退款。故選C項(xiàng)。BHigh-WireActMickeyWilsonhadbeenonthemountainonlyafewsecondswhenheheardthescream.Wilson,28yearsold,hadjustgottenoffthecablecar（ 索道纜車(chē)）attheArapahoeBasinSkiAreainKeystone,Colorado,alongwithhisfriendsBillySimmonsandHansMueller.TheirfriendRichardhadbeenonthecablecaraheadofthem,butwhenthemenreachedthetopofthelift,hehaddisappeared.Themenwalkedtowardthesourceofthescreamandfoundskiersstoppedontheslope,pointingtothecablecar.Andthenthefriendsscreamedtoo.“Oh,Richard!”yelledMueller.WhenRichardhadtriedtojumpoffthecablecar,hisbackpackhadbeencaughtinthechair,whichthendraggedhimbackdownthehill.Intheprocess,thebackpackbelttwistedaroundhisneck,makinghimbreathless.NowRichard’sbodywasswingingfourfeetabovethesnow.Thecablecaroperatorhadquicklystoppedit,andthefriendskickedofftheirskisandrantowardthescene.TheymadeahumanpyramidtotrytoreachRichard,buttheunconsciousmanwastoofarofftheground.Withtheclockticking,Wilsonrantotheladderofanearbylifttower.Scaredskierswatchedashestruggledthe25feet.Afterhereachedthetop,Wilson ’sfirstchallengewastoclimbontothetwo-inchsteelcablethatheldthechairs.Hehandledthebalanceandheightbravely,butheknewhecouldnotwalkonthecable.Therefore,hecalmeddownandsatoveritandthenusedhishandstopullhimselftoRichardquickly.Wilson’sgreatestfearwasn’tthathe’dfall,butthathewouldn’treachRichard.“Thiswaslifeordeath,”hesaid.WhenhereachedRichard’schair,Wilsonswungalegoverthecableandattemptedtodropdownontoit.Butashedidthat,hisjacketcaughtonthemovablefootrest,whichwasintheupposition.Thefootrestbegantoslidedown,withWilsonattached.Butbeforethatcouldhappen,hemanagedtofreehimselfandreachedRichard.Fortunately,theskipatrol（巡查）hadgatheredbelowandperformedemergencytreatmentonRichard,whohadbeenhangingforaboutfiveminutes,thenskiedhimdowntoanambulance.Thatnight,RichardcalledfromthehospitaltoexpresshisthankstoWilson,hisotherfriendsandtheworkersattheArapahoeBasinSkiArea.WhathappenedtoRichardwhenhetriedtojumpoffthecablecar?Hewassickandbecameunconscious.Helefthisskiswhichstoppedthecablecar.Hewastooafraidtomoveforwardinthecablecar.Hewascaughtbytheneck,hangingdownthecable.HowdidRichardsurvive?Peopleworkedtogetherandsavedhim.Wilsonclimbedonthecableandsavedhim.Theskipatrolgothimdownandtreatedhim.Skierstreatedhimandcarriedhimtothehospital.Theauthorwrotethefourthparagraphtoshowthat .therescueprocesswasdangeroussomethingwaswrongwiththecablecarWilsoncouldmanagetheprocessverywelltheoperatorofthecablecarignoredhisdutyThestoryattheArapahoeBasinSkiAreamainlytellsus .itisverydangeroustogoskiinghethatclimbshighoftenfallsheavily

braveryandcalmcanhelpyoumakeadifferenceapersonwithagreattalentalwayshasgreatwill-power【答案】34.D35.A36.A37.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述 MickeyWilson和他兩個(gè)朋友乘坐索道纜車(chē)上山的過(guò)程中，其中一個(gè)朋友出了事故。在那個(gè)萬(wàn)分緊急的時(shí)刻MickeyWilson奮不顧身地去救人?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三自然段前兩句話(huà)“WhenRichardhadtriedtojumpoffthecablecar,hisbackpackhadbeenswingingfourfeetabovethesnow”可知，背包帶纏住D項(xiàng)。>'./.了Richard的脖子把他懸在半空，也讓他呼吸困難。故選car,hisbackpackhadbeenswingingfourfeetabovethesnow”可知，背包帶纏住D項(xiàng)。>'./.了Richard的脖子把他懸在半空，也讓他呼吸困難。故選35題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段 Thatnight,RichardcalledfromthehospitaltoexpresshisthankstoWilson,hisotherfriendsandtheworkersattheArapahoeBasinSkiArapahoeBasinSkiworersaerapaoeasnAj_I IswungalegoverthecableandT■ ?jacketcaughtonthemovableArea.（那天晚上，Richard從醫(yī)院打電話(huà)表達(dá)對(duì)Wilson，Area的工作人員感謝）可知，Wilson，otherfriends和SkiArea都對(duì)他施以援手 ,是他們的共同努力救了他。故選36題詳解】推理判斷題。WhenhereachedRichard’schair,Wilsonattemptedtodropdownontoit.Butashedidthat,hisfootrestwhichwasintheuppositionThefootrestbegantoslidedownwithWilson,. ,,,attached.Butbeforethatcouldhappen,hemanagedtofreehimselfandreachedRichard.（當(dāng)威爾遜觸到理查德的椅子時(shí)，他把一條腿甩過(guò)纜繩，試圖跳到上面。但是當(dāng)他那樣做的時(shí)候，他的夾克被活動(dòng)腳踏板給掛住了。腳踏板在上面，然后掛著威爾遜開(kāi)始向下滑。但他及時(shí)讓自己擺脫困境，夠到了理查德）這段主要描述了Wilson救人的經(jīng)過(guò)，且場(chǎng)面驚險(xiǎn)，稍有不慎可能威爾遜自己也會(huì)受傷，所以這段描寫(xiě)主要突出救人的危險(xiǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意可知，Wilson能在那個(gè)危急時(shí)刻去求 Richard表現(xiàn)他的勇敢；在5分鐘內(nèi)能想到可行的方法，說(shuō)明Richard處亂不驚，沉著冷靜。綜上所述，面臨危險(xiǎn)勇敢，冷靜才能化險(xiǎn)為夷。故選 C項(xiàng)。CLoudcheersandapplausebrokeoutatNASA’sJetPropulsionLabonMonday,November25,2018,astheunmannedlander,calledInsight,toucheddownonMars,afternearlysevenyearsfromdesigntolaunchtolanding.Thegreatarrivalofthespacecraft—designedtolistenforquakesandshakesasawaytodiscovertheRedPlanet’sinnersecrets,howitformedbillionsofyearsagoand,howotherplanetslikeEarthtookshape —markedtheeighthsuccessfullandingonMarsinNasa’shistory.MinutesafterInSightlandedonthesurfaceofMars,thefirstimagewassentback,showingawideflatareaasseenthroughadirtycamera.Thetouchdowncameafteranearlyseven-month,300million-miletravelfromEarthtoMars,duringwhichtheInSightspacecrafthadtoslowdownfromaspeedofmorethan12,000mph.Thespacecraft’sheatshelterhelpedthelandersurvivetemperaturesashighas2,700F.EachstepalongthewaywaswatchednervouslyatJPL,withupdatesdelayedbytheeight-minutelighttraveltimebetweenEarthandMars.Missioncontrollershuggedeachotherwithjoywhenthesignalswerereceived. “Weareproudofeverythingthathasgoneontoday,”theytoldusreporters.ThefirstpictureofthesurfaceofMarswassentbacktoEarthbyoneoftheMarCOnanosatellites（馬可納米衛(wèi)星 ）thataccompaniedInSightduringitstraveltoMars.Thedustfromthelandingmadetheviewunclear.Picturesfromitwereexpectedtobecleareroncethedustsettledandthelenscover（ 鏡頭蓋）wasremoved.Hourslater,InSight’sbatterieswerechargingasexpected.TheInSightteamalsopassedonanotherpicture,takenbyadifferentcamerathat ’sfixedonthelander’sroboticarm.Theviewisclearer,showingtheroboticar mandtheseismometer,whichisusedtodiscovertheactualmovementoftheground.WhatdoweknowaboutInSightlanderfromthepassage?IthaslandedsuccessfullyonMarseighttimes.Ittravelledallthewayatthespeedof12,000mph.Missioncontrollershelpeditsurvivehightemperature.ThetaskofitistofindouttheinnermysteriesofMars.WeknowwhatMarslookslikeby .studyingpicturesInSightlandersendsbackreadingreportssentbackbythepersononMarscollectingimagessentbackbyMarCOnanosatellitesanalyzinginformationtherobotonInSightlandersendsbackHowdidthemissioncontrollersfeelwhentheyreceivedsignalsfromInsight?A.Unconcerned. B.Worried.C.Amazed. D.Excited.Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom .A.afictionnovel B.anewsreportC.atravelmagazine D.anofficialstatement【答案】38.D39.C40.D41.B【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了美國(guó)航天總局的InSight登陸和探測(cè)火星的相關(guān)情況?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二自然段中“Thegreatarrivalofthespacecraft—designedtolistenforquakesandshakesasawaytodiscovertheRedPlanet’sinnersecrets,”可知，設(shè)計(jì)Insight的主要目的是探測(cè)火星的內(nèi)部秘密。故選 D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二自然段第一句“ThefirstpictureofthesurfaceofMarswassentbacktoEarthbyoneoftheMarCOnanosatellites（馬可納米衛(wèi)星 ）thataccompaniedInSightduringitstraveltoMars.”可知，馬克納米衛(wèi)星能夠把拍攝火星的照片傳回地球，通過(guò)照片我們就可以知道火星的外表。故選 C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的Missioncontrollershuggedeachotherwithjoywhenthesignalswerereceived.（當(dāng)收到來(lái)自Insight的信號(hào)時(shí)，任務(wù)控制員們都高興地抱在一起）可知接收到信號(hào)時(shí)任務(wù)控制人員很高興。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。文章主要介紹了美國(guó)航天總局的 Insight登陸和探測(cè)火星的相關(guān)情況，所以可以推斷出它最有可能是出自選項(xiàng)中的“ anewsreport”(新聞報(bào)道)。故選B項(xiàng)。DThelatestdatafromtheOfficeforNationalStatisticsshowsthatoneinevery12kidsislivinginhomeswherenoonehasworkedforatleastayear.Thatmaybeduetounemploymentorissuessuchassicknessordisabilitythatmeantheycan'twork,andaren'trequiredto.Thisisknownasbeingina “l(fā)ongtermworkless”family.Theissuesfacedbychildreninworklessfamilieshaveverybadinfluenceontheirdevelopmentandeducation,limitingtheirfutureemploymentprospects,andreducingtheiropportunitiestosucceedthroughouttheirlives.Notonlydoesworklessnessreducefamilyincome,itcanalsodamagefamilies'healthandstability,andthusdestroychildren'sdevelopment.Thisisbecausemanyworklessfamiliesareheldbackbydisadvantagessuchasdebt,drugandalcoholdependency,andbyhomelessness.Sufferingfromthefamilyproblems,manychildrenfaceagreaterandgreaterpossibilityofrepeatingthepooroutcomesoftheirparents.Governmentresearchhasshownthatchildreninworklessfamiliesarealmosttwiceaslikelynottoreachtheexpectedlevelatallstagesoftheireducation.Forexample,three-quartersofchildrenfromfamilieswherenooneworksfailedtoreachtheexpectedlevelatGeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation(GCSE),comparedtoaroundhalfofchildreninlower-incomeworkingfamilies.Soattentionshouldbepaidtochildreninout-of-workhomes.Havingworkingparentsmeansachildismorelikelytodobetteratschool,tohavebetterhealth,educationanddevelopment,andalsomeanstheyarelesslikelytofall intocrime.Butforsomefamilies,worklessness,ornotemployment,isthenorm.Theyjustchoosenottowork.Thesefamiliesoftenfacehugebarrierstogettingonwiththeirlivesbuttheytaketheopportunitiesofferedbythesociety.Parents'abilitytoworkisfrustratedbyissueslikelowskillsorpoormentalorphysicalhealth,ordrugandalcoholdependency,leavingchildrenwithoutthestabilitytheyneed.WeallwanttohelpworklessfamilieswithcomplexproblemssothattheirchildrencantakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesinBritain.Weallwantparentstohavethechancetogoouttoearnalivingandtoenjoythepleasureofwork,sothattheirchildrencanbenefitfromthegoodexamplesofworkingparents.Indoingso,weshouldknowtheneedtounderstandthecomplexissuesthatsomefamiliesfaceandtodevelopanewapproachtodealwithpoverty.Becausetherootcausesarenotfinancial.Itisabouthelpingfamiliesovercometheproblemstheyfacesothattheycangoasfarastheirtalentsandhardworkwilltakethem.Weshouldn’tretreatfromactingtodealwithdisadvantages,becauseweknowthecostsofinactiontoindividuals,communitiesandsociety.Accordingtotheauthor,childreninworklessfamiliesmay .havebetterperformanceatschooltakechancestogoouttoearnalivingbemoreabletodealwiththeirproblemslivethesamelifestylesthattheirparentshadTheunderlinedword “norm”inthefifthparagraphprobablymeans .A.ahugebarrier B.aturningpointC.atypicalstandard D.anunusualeventInthelastparagraphtheauthormainlytalkedabout .raisingofsocialwelfaresolutionstotheproblemsdevelopmentofthesocietyreformingofthegovernmentThemainpurposeofthepassageisto .introduceastudyonchildreninworklessfamiliesappealtothereaderstohelpchildreninworklessfamiliespresentanewapproachtodealwithpovertyofworklessfamilies-incomeonescomparechildren’sperformancesinworklessfamiliesandlow-incomeones42.D43.C44.B45.B【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要就家庭成員沒(méi)有工作的狀況會(huì)給孩子在學(xué)習(xí)， 就業(yè)和生活上帶來(lái)負(fù)面影響這一問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了討論?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三自然段中“Sufferingfromthefamilyproblems,manychildrenfaceagreaterandgreaterpossibilityofrepeatingthepooroutcomesoftheirparents."（很多遭遇家庭孩子更有可能重蹈父母的覆轍） 可知，這些孩子很有可能過(guò)和父母一樣的生活。故選D項(xiàng)。【43題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。Butforsomefamilies,worklessness,ornotemployment,isthenorm.（但是對(duì)于一些家庭來(lái)說(shuō)，失業(yè)和不就業(yè)是一個(gè)典型的例子。 ）聯(lián)系上文可知，一般的失業(yè)家庭是因?yàn)榧膊?，就業(yè)壓力等外部原因。但此處提到的家庭是“theyjustchoosenotwork”自己選擇不工作，所以這種家庭是典型例子。故選 C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)本段的Indoingso,weshouldknowtheneedtounderstandthecomplexissuesthatsomefamiliesfaceandtodevelopanewapproachtodealwithpoverty.Becausetherootcausesarenotfinancial.Itisabouthelpingfamiliesovercometheproblemstheyfacesothattheycangoasfarastheirtalentsandhardworkwilltakethem（在這樣做的時(shí)候，我們應(yīng)該知道有必要了解一些家庭面臨的復(fù)雜問(wèn)題，并制定一種處理貧窮問(wèn)題的新辦法。 因?yàn)楦驹虿皇墙?jīng)濟(jì)原因。 它是幫助家庭克服他們所面臨的問(wèn)題，使他們能夠盡其所能地發(fā)揮他們的才能并努力工作。 可知，本段主要講幫助那些失業(yè)家庭的方法。故選B項(xiàng)。【45題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章前面敘述“無(wú)就業(yè)”家庭給孩子帶來(lái)的傷害，以及最后一段的內(nèi)容，尤其是前兩句WeallwanttohelpworklessfamilieswithcomplexproblemssothattheirchildrencantakeadvantageoftheopportunitiesinBritain.Weallwantparentstohavethechancetogoouttoearnalivingandtoenjoythepleasureofwork,sothattheirchildrencanbenefitfromthegoodexamplesofworkingparents.（我們想要幫助情況復(fù)雜的“無(wú)就業(yè)”家庭， 這樣他們的孩子就可以利用在英國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。 我們想要父母出去掙錢(qián)，享受工作的樂(lè)趣，這樣孩子也可以從父母的榜樣中受益） 表達(dá)了想幫助這些家庭的強(qiáng)烈愿望，和殷切希望。所以短文的目的是呼吁讀者幫助無(wú)就業(yè)家庭的孩子。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。SleepPatternsandHealthTroublesWhenCarolGeeturned55,shemadeanewfriend:4a.m.Inthepast,sheusuallysleptthroughit. 46She'snottheonlyolderadulttohavethesameexperience.In2017,anationalvoteconductedbytheUniversityofMichiganfoundthat46percentofadults65andolderhavetroublefallingasleeponaregularbasis.47Brainscanslow.Woundstakelongertoheal.Andsleeppatternsshift,too.Themostnoticeable—andoftenmostannoying-changesarehowsleepandwake-uptimeschangeandsleepgetslighter,oftenbeginninginmiddleage.Thiscancomeasnewstomany,saysMichaelV.Vitiello,apsychologistattheUniversityofWashingtonwhospecializesinsleepinaging.Studieshavefoundthatpoorsleepcanhaveaparticularthreattoolderadults.48Falls,depressionandanxiety,problemswithmemory,andincreasedsuicideriskareamongtheimpactsofsleeplessissuesinthispopulationgroupthatresearchershavefound.Aswithchangesinsleeparchitectureandtiming,scientistsarestillunsurewhythoseriskassociationsexist.KristineYaffe,aneuropsychiatrist（ 神經(jīng)精神病學(xué)家）attheUniversityofCalifornia 'sSanFranciscoSchoolofMedicinewhospecializesindementia,warnsthattherearemorequestionsthananswerswhenitcomestodementiaandsleep.Hefoundthatifpeoplehavedementia,theytendnottosleepwell.Dosleepproblemsactuallyleadtodementia?4949Whatisclearistheassociationbetweengoodsleepandpsychologicalwell-beinginolderadults.Butsleepquantitydidn 'tshowthesameeffects.Andtherein,expertssay,mayliethekeytounderstandingsleepasyouage.Ifyou'resleepingless,butdon'tfeelnegativeeffectsoutofbed,thechangesyounoticemayjustbenormalage-related.Yourbedtimepatternchangesasyouage,isthatasignoftrouble?50“Alotofolderadultsrecognizethattheydon 'tsleepthesameastheydidwhentheywere18,buttheycanstillfunctionandthey'reOK.Andalliswellwiththe■ ”universe.Researchersthinkit'shardtosay.Butrecentlyithasbecomehernewwake-uptime.Overtime,Vitiellosays,sleeppatternssimplychange.Statisticsindicatethatrestlessnightisbadtoourhealth.Aspeopleage,thebodychangesinallsortsofpredictableways.Toomuchworkandpressureinlifeoftencauseyoutowakeupearlier.Changesinthebraincanbeassociatedwithanumberoftypesofdementia.【答案】46.B47.E48.D49.A50.C【解析】這一篇議論文。文章主要就睡眠模式會(huì)影響健康進(jìn)行了討論?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文中“Inthepast,sheusuallysleptthroughit. "（在過(guò)去，她通常四點(diǎn)之后才醒）可知在講過(guò)去的事情，那么下句接"Butrecentlyithasbecomehernewwake-uptime”（但是最近，她醒來(lái)的時(shí)間通常在4點(diǎn)之前）可知此句講現(xiàn)在的事情。這樣前后搭配符合邏輯。故選B項(xiàng)。【47題詳解】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，第一自然段講早起的現(xiàn)象，那么接著講“Toomuchworkandpressureinlifeoftencauseyoutowakeupearlier. "（太多的工作和壓力造成你早起） ，這是早起的原因。這樣上下文搭配符合邏輯。故選E項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文的"Studieshavefoundthatpoorsleepcanhaveaparticularthreattoolderadults."（研究表明睡眠質(zhì)量不好會(huì)對(duì)年長(zhǎng)者有很大的影響）可知，此處講睡眠差造成的影響。而D項(xiàng)也講研究發(fā)現(xiàn)睡眠差對(duì)健康的影響。 前后兩句話(huà)的結(jié)構(gòu)相似，內(nèi)容相似，且符合文意。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】聯(lián)系上下文“Dosleepproblemsactuallyleadtodementia?4Whatisclearistheassociationbetweengoodsleepandpsychologicalwell-beinginolderadults. "（睡題問(wèn)題真的會(huì)導(dǎo)致癡呆嗎？科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為這很難說(shuō)清楚。 但是明確的是睡眠好的老人身體也很好）可知，上文提問(wèn)，下文回答，盡管沒(méi)有明確的答案，但上下文聯(lián)系起來(lái)符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文中的"Yourbedtimepatternchangesasyouage,isthatasignoftrouble?”（隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)你的睡眠模式改變了，這是個(gè)問(wèn)題嗎？）接下句"Overtime,Vitiellosays,sleeppatternssimplychange."（Vitiello 說(shuō)隨著時(shí)間流逝睡眠模式當(dāng)然會(huì)發(fā)生改變），這兩句談?wù)摰亩际悄挲g增長(zhǎng)和睡眠模式，是同一個(gè)話(huà)題，符合邏輯和語(yǔ)境。故選 C項(xiàng)。第三部分：書(shū)面表達(dá)第一節(jié)（15分）51.假設(shè)你是李華，端午節(jié)即將來(lái)臨，請(qǐng)給你的英國(guó)教師 Jim寫(xiě)封信，邀請(qǐng)他來(lái)你家過(guò)端午節(jié)。內(nèi)容包括：1、發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)；2、節(jié)日計(jì)劃；3、希望他來(lái)。注意：1、詞數(shù)不少于50;2、開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Dearteacher,Sincerelyyours,LiHua【答案】Dearteacher,TheDragonBoatFestivalisaroundthecorner.IknowyouarekeenonChineseculture,soI'mwritingtoinviteyoutospendthefestivaltogetherwithourfamilyonthefifthdayofthefifthmonthoftheChinesecalendar.Ifyouarewillingtocome,myfatherandIwillpickyouupwhereyouliveat9o ’clockthatmorning.WewillmakeandenjoyZongzitogether.Mymotherwilltellyoumorecustomsaboutthefestival.Iguessitwillbeareallyniceopportunityforyoutolearnaboutthisfestivalsowedohopeyoucancome.Welookforwardtoyourcoming.Sincerelyyours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文，要求考生寫(xiě)一封信，邀請(qǐng)老師吉姆到家里過(guò)端午節(jié)，并介紹節(jié)日的相關(guān)計(jì)劃和安排?！驹斀狻康谝徊剑簩忣}體裁： 應(yīng)用文時(shí)態(tài)： 根據(jù)提示，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)： 分分總分分法是指先分別陳述，再作總結(jié)。要求： 1.表明寫(xiě)信目的2.介紹節(jié)日計(jì)劃和安排1）介紹端午節(jié)的相關(guān)情況，比