高素質(zhì)編程師語言課件第九章

第九章結(jié)構(gòu)體與共用體9.1結(jié)構(gòu)體結(jié)構(gòu)體是一種構(gòu)造數(shù)據(jù)類型用途：把不同類型的數(shù)據(jù)組合成一個整體-------自定義數(shù)據(jù)類型結(jié)構(gòu)體類型定義struct[結(jié)構(gòu)體名]{

類型標識符成員名；類型標識符成員名；

…………….}；成員類型可以是基本型或構(gòu)造型struct是關(guān)鍵字,不能省略合法標識符可省:無名結(jié)構(gòu)體Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第九章結(jié)構(gòu)體與共用體9.1結(jié)構(gòu)體struct例struct

student{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;floatscore;charaddr[30];};namenumsexagescoreaddr2字節(jié)2字節(jié)20字節(jié)1字節(jié)4字節(jié)30字節(jié)……..結(jié)構(gòu)體類型定義描述結(jié)構(gòu)的組織形式,不分配內(nèi)存結(jié)構(gòu)體類型定義的作用域Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.例structstudentnamenumse例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;floatscore;charaddr[30];};

structstudentstu1,stu2;9.2結(jié)構(gòu)體變量的定義先定義結(jié)構(gòu)體類型，再定義結(jié)構(gòu)體變量一般形式：struct結(jié)構(gòu)體名{

類型標識符成員名；類型標識符成員名；

…………….}；struct結(jié)構(gòu)體名變量名表列；例#defineSTUDENTstructstudent

STUDENT{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;floatscore;charaddr[30];};

STUDENTstu1,stu2;Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.例structstudent9.2結(jié)構(gòu)體變量定義結(jié)構(gòu)體類型的同時定義結(jié)構(gòu)體變量一般形式：struct結(jié)構(gòu)體名{

類型標識符成員名；類型標識符成員名；

…………….}變量名表列；例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;floatscore;charaddr[30];}stu1,stu2;Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.定義結(jié)構(gòu)體類型的同時定義結(jié)構(gòu)體變量struct結(jié)構(gòu)直接定義結(jié)構(gòu)體變量一般形式：struct{

類型標識符成員名；類型標識符成員名；

…………….}變量名表列；例struct{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;floatscore;charaddr[30];}stu1,stu2;用無名結(jié)構(gòu)體直接定義變量只能一次Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.直接定義結(jié)構(gòu)體變量struct例struct用無名說明結(jié)構(gòu)體類型與結(jié)構(gòu)體變量概念不同類型:不分配內(nèi)存；變量:分配內(nèi)存類型:不能賦值、存取、運算;變量:可以結(jié)構(gòu)體可嵌套結(jié)構(gòu)體成員名與程序中變量名可相同，不會混淆結(jié)構(gòu)體類型及變量的作用域與生存期例structdate{intmonth;intday;intyear;};structstudent{intnum;charname[20];

structdatebirthday;}stu;numnamebirthdaymonthdayyear例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];

structdate{intmonth;intday;intyear;}birthday;}stu;numnamebirthdaymonthdayyearEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.說明例structdatenumnamebirthda9.3結(jié)構(gòu)體變量的引用引用規(guī)則結(jié)構(gòu)體變量不能整體引用,只能引用變量成員可以將一個結(jié)構(gòu)體變量賦值給另一個結(jié)構(gòu)體變量結(jié)構(gòu)體嵌套時逐級引用成員(分量)運算符優(yōu)先級:1結(jié)合性:從左向右引用方式：結(jié)構(gòu)體變量名.成員名例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;floatscore;charaddr[30];}stu1,stu2;stu1.num=10;stu1.score=85.5;stu1.score+=stu2.score;stu1.age++;例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;floatscore;charaddr[30];}stu1,stu2;printf(“%d,%s,%c,%d,%f,%s\n”,stu1);()stu1={101,“WanLin”,‘M’,19,87.5,“DaLian”};()例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;floatscore;charaddr[30];}stu1,stu2;stu2=stu1;()例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];structdate{intmonth;intday;intyear;}birthday;}stu1,stu2;numnamebirthdaymonthdayyearstu1.birthday.month=12;例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;floatscore;charaddr[30];}stu1,stu2;if(stu1==stu2)……..()Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.9.3結(jié)構(gòu)體變量的引用可以將一個結(jié)構(gòu)體變量賦值給另一個結(jié)構(gòu)9.4結(jié)構(gòu)體變量的初始化形式一：struct結(jié)構(gòu)體名{

類型標識符成員名；類型標識符成員名；

…………….}；struct結(jié)構(gòu)體名結(jié)構(gòu)體變量={初始數(shù)據(jù)}；例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;charaddr[30];};structstudentstu1={112,“WangLin”,‘M’,19,“200BeijingRoad”};Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.9.4結(jié)構(gòu)體變量的初始化struct結(jié)構(gòu)體名例形式二：struct結(jié)構(gòu)體名{

類型標識符成員名；類型標識符成員名；

…………….}結(jié)構(gòu)體變量={初始數(shù)據(jù)}；例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;charaddr[30];}stu1={112,“WangLin”,‘M’,19,“200BeijingRoad”};Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.形式二：struct結(jié)構(gòu)體名例struct形式三：struct{

類型標識符成員名；類型標識符成員名；

…………….}結(jié)構(gòu)體變量={初始數(shù)據(jù)}；例struct{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;charaddr[30];}stu1={112,“WangLin”,‘M’,19,“200BeijingRoad”};Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.形式三：struct例structEvaluatio9.5結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組的定義三種形式：形式一:

structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;};structstudentstu[2];形式二:structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;}stu[2];形式三:struct{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;}stu[2];numnamesexagenumnamesexagestu[0]stu[1]25BEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.9.5結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組形式一:形式二:形式三:numname結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組初始化例struct{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;}stu[]={{……},{……},{……}};順序初始化:structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;};structstudentstu[]={100,“WangLin”,‘M’,20,101,“LiGang”,‘M’,19,110,“LiuYan”,‘F’,19};例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;}stu[]={{……},{……},{……}};分行初始化:structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;};structstudentstu[]={{100,“WangLin”,‘M’,20},{101,“LiGang”,‘M’,19},{110,“LiuYan”,‘F’,19}};全部初始化時維數(shù)可省結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組引用引用方式：結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組名[下標].成員名structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;}str[3];stu[1].age++;strcpy(stu[0].name,”ZhaoDa”);Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組初始化例struct順序初始化:例str例統(tǒng)計后選人選票structperson{charname[20];intcount;}leader[3]={“Li”,0,“Zhang”,0,”Wang“,0};main(){inti,j;charleader_name[20];

for(i=1;i<=10;i++){scanf("%s",leader_name);

for(j=0;j<3;j++) if(strcmp(leader_name,leader[j].name)==0) leader[j].count++;}for(i=0;i<3;i++)printf("%5s:%d\n",leader[i].name,leader[i].count);}namecountLiZhangWang000Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.例統(tǒng)計后選人選票structpersonnamecou9.6結(jié)構(gòu)體和指針指向結(jié)構(gòu)體變量的指針定義形式：struct結(jié)構(gòu)體名*結(jié)構(gòu)體指針名;例structstudent*p;使用結(jié)構(gòu)體指針變量引用成員形式存放結(jié)構(gòu)體變量在內(nèi)存的起始地址numnamesexagestupstructstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;}stu;structstudent*p=&stu;(*結(jié)構(gòu)體指針名).成員名結(jié)構(gòu)體指針名->成員名結(jié)構(gòu)體變量名.成員名指向運算符優(yōu)先級:1結(jié)合方向：從左向右例指向結(jié)構(gòu)體的指針變量main(){structstudent{longintnum; charname[20]; charsex; floatscore;}stu_1,*p;p=&stu_1;stu_1.num=89101;strcpy(stu_1.name,"LiLin");

p->sex='M';p->score=89.5;printf("\nNo:%ld\nname:%s\nsex:%c\nscore:%f\n",

(*p).num,p->name,stu_1.sex,p->score);}例intn;int*p=&n;

*p=10;n=10structstudentstu1;structstudent*p=&stu1;stu1.num=101;(*p).num=101Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.9.6結(jié)構(gòu)體和指針使用結(jié)構(gòu)體指針變量引用成員形式存放結(jié)構(gòu)體指向結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組的指針例指向結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組的指針structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;}stu[3]={{10101,"LiLin",'M',18},{10102,"ZhangFun",'M',19}, {10104,"WangMin",'F',20}};main(){structstudent*p;for(p=stu;p<stu+3;p++)printf("%d%s%c%d\n",p->num,p->name,p->sex,p->age);}numnamesexagestu[0]pstu[1]stu[2]p+1Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.指向結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組的指針例指向結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組的指針struct用指向結(jié)構(gòu)體的指針作函數(shù)參數(shù)用結(jié)構(gòu)體變量的成員作參數(shù)----值傳遞用指向結(jié)構(gòu)體變量或數(shù)組的指針作參數(shù)----地址傳遞用結(jié)構(gòu)體變量作參數(shù)----多值傳遞，效率低Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.用指向結(jié)構(gòu)體的指針作函數(shù)參數(shù)Evaluationonly.structdata{inta,b,c;};main(){voidfunc(structdata);structdataarg;arg.a=27;arg.b=3;arg.c=arg.a+arg.b;printf("arg.a=%darg.b=%darg.c=%d\n",arg.a,arg.b,arg.c);printf("CallFunc()....\n");

func(arg);printf("arg.a=%darg.b=%darg.c=%d\n",arg.a,arg.b,arg.c);}voidfunc(structdataparm){printf("parm.a=%dparm.b=%dparm.c=%d\n",parm.a,parm.b,parm.c);printf("Process...\n");parm.a=18;parm.b=5;parm.c=parm.a*parm.b;printf("parm.a=%dparm.b=%dparm.c=%d\n",parm.a,parm.b,parm.c);printf("Return...\n");}arga:27b:3c:30(main)(func)parma:27b:3c:30copyarga:27b:3c:30(main)(func)parma:18b:5c:90arga:27b:3c:30(main)arga:27b:3c:30(main)例用結(jié)構(gòu)體變量作函數(shù)參數(shù)Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.structdataarga:27b:3c:30(mstructdata{inta,b,c;};main(){voidfunc(structdata*parm);structdataarg;arg.a=27;arg.b=3;arg.c=arg.a+arg.b;printf("arg.a=%darg.b=%darg.c=%d\n",arg.a,arg.b,arg.c);printf("CallFunc()....\n");

func(&arg);printf("arg.a=%darg.b=%darg.c=%d\n",arg.a,arg.b,arg.c);}voidfunc(structdata*parm){printf("parm->a=%dparm->b=%dparm->c=%d\n",parm->a,parm->b,parm->c);printf("Process...\n");parm->a=18;parm->b=5;parm->c=parm->a*parm->b;printf("parm->a=%dparm->b=%dparm->c=%d\n",parm->a,parm->b,parm->c);printf("Return...\n");}arga:18b:5c:90(main)arga:27b:3c:30(main)例用結(jié)構(gòu)體指針變量作函數(shù)參數(shù)arga:27b:3c:30(main)(func)parm****arga:18b:5c:90(main)(func)parm****Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.structdataarga:18b:5c:90(m9.8共用體構(gòu)造數(shù)據(jù)類型,也叫聯(lián)合體用途：使幾個不同類型的變量共占一段內(nèi)存(相互覆蓋)共用體類型定義定義形式：union共用體名{

類型標識符成員名；類型標識符成員名；

…………….}；例uniondata{inti;charch;floatf;};fchi類型定義不分配內(nèi)存Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.9.8共用體union共用體名例uniond形式一:uniondata{inti;charch;floatf;}a,b;形式二:uniondata{inti;charch;floatf;};uniondataa,b,c,*p,d[3];形式三:union{inti;charch;floatf;}a,b,c;共用體變量的定義fchifchiab共用體變量定義分配內(nèi)存,長度=最長成員所占字節(jié)數(shù)共用體變量任何時刻只有一個成員存在Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.形式一:形式二:形式三:共用體變量的定義fchifchiab共用體變量引用引用方式：例a.i=1;a.ch=‘a(chǎn)’;a.f=1.5;printf(“%d”,a.i);(編譯通過，運行結(jié)果不對)

引用規(guī)則不能引用共用體變量，只能引用其成員共用體指針名->成員名共用體變量名.成員名(*共用體指針名).成員名uniondata{inti;charch;floatf;};uniondataa,b,c,*p,d[3];a.ia.cha.fp->ip->chp->f(*p).i(*p).ch(*p).fd[0].id[0].chd[0].f共用體變量中起作用的成員是最后一次存放的成員例union{inti;charch;floatf;}a;a=1;()

不能在定義共用體變量時初始化例union{inti;charch;floatf;}a={1,’a’,1.5};()

可以用一個共用體變量為另一個變量賦值例floatx;union{inti;charch;floatf;}a,b;a.i=1;a.ch=‘a(chǎn)’;a.f=1.5;b=a;()x=a.f;()Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.共用體變量引用例a.i=1;引用規(guī)則共用體指針名->成例將一個整數(shù)按字節(jié)輸出0110000101000001低字節(jié)高字節(jié)0100000101100001ch[0]ch[1]運行結(jié)果：i=60501ch0=101,ch1=141ch0=A,ch1=amain(){unionint_char{inti;charch[2];}x;x.i=24897;printf("i=%o\n",x.i);printf("ch0=%o,ch1=%o\nch0=%c,ch1=%c\n", x.ch[0],x.ch[1],x.ch[0],x.ch[1]);}Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.例將一個整數(shù)按字節(jié)輸出011000010100000結(jié)構(gòu)體與共用體區(qū)別:存儲方式不同structnode{charch[2];intk;}a;unionnode{charch[2];intk;}b;achkbchk變量的各成員同時存在任一時刻只有一個成員存在聯(lián)系:兩者可相互嵌套Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.結(jié)構(gòu)體與共用體structnodeunionno例結(jié)構(gòu)體中嵌套共用體namenumsexjobclasspositionLiWang10112086FMST501prof循環(huán)n次讀入姓名、號碼、性別、職務job==‘s’真真假假讀入class讀入position輸出“輸入錯”循環(huán)n次job==‘s’真假輸出:姓名,號碼,性別,職業(yè),班級輸出:姓名,號碼,性別,職業(yè),職務job==‘t’struct{intnum;charname[10];charsex;charjob;

union{intclass;charposition[10];}category;}person[2];Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.例結(jié)構(gòu)體中嵌套共用體namenumsexjobcla例共用體中嵌套結(jié)構(gòu)體，機器字數(shù)據(jù)與字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)的處理0001001000110100低字節(jié)高字節(jié)0011010000010010lowhigh0x12340001001011111111低字節(jié)高字節(jié)1111111100010010lowhigh0x12ffstructw_tag{charlow;charhigh;};unionu_tag{structw_tagbyte_acc;intword_acc;}u_acc;word_accbyte_acc.lowbyte_acc.highu_accEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.例共用體中嵌套結(jié)構(gòu)體，機器字數(shù)據(jù)與字節(jié)數(shù)據(jù)的處理00019.10用typedef定義類型功能：用自定義名字為已有數(shù)據(jù)類型命名類型定義簡單形式：typedeftype

name;例typedefintINTEGER;類型定義語句關(guān)鍵字已有數(shù)據(jù)類型名用戶定義的類型名例typedeffloatREAL;類型定義后,與已有類型一樣使用例INTEGERa,b,c;REALf1,f2;inta,b,c;floatf1,f2;說明:1.typedef沒有創(chuàng)造新數(shù)據(jù)類型2.typedef是定義類型,不能定義變量3.typedef與define不同

define

typedef預編譯時處理

編譯時處理簡單字符置換

為已有類型命名Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.9.10用typedef定義類型例typedefitypedef定義類型步驟按定義變量方法先寫出定義體如inti;將變量名換成新類型名如intINTEGER;最前面加typedef如typedefintINTEGER;用新類型名定義變量如INTEGERi,j;例定義數(shù)組類型inta[100];intARRAY[100];typedefintARRAY[100];ARRAYa,b,c;inta[100],b[100],c[100];例定義指針類型char*str;char*STRING;typedefchar*STRING;STRINGp,s[10];char*p;

char*s[10];例定義函數(shù)指針類型int(*p)();int(*POWER)();typedefint(*POWER)();POWERp1,p2;int(*p1)(),(*p2)();例定義結(jié)構(gòu)體類型structdate{intmonth;intday;intyear;}d;例定義結(jié)構(gòu)體類型structdate{intmonth;intday;intyear;}DATE;例定義結(jié)構(gòu)體類型typedefstructdate{intmonth;intday;intyear;}DATE;例定義結(jié)構(gòu)體類型DATEbirthday,*p;structdate{intmonth;intday;intyear;}birthday,*p;類型定義可嵌套例typedefstructclub{charname[20];intsize;intyear;}GROUP;typedefGROUP*PG;PGpclub;GROUP*pclub;structclub*pclub;GROUP為結(jié)構(gòu)體類型PG為指向GROUP的指針類型Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.typedef定義類型步驟例定義數(shù)組類型int第九章結(jié)構(gòu)體與共用體9.1結(jié)構(gòu)體結(jié)構(gòu)體是一種構(gòu)造數(shù)據(jù)類型用途：把不同類型的數(shù)據(jù)組合成一個整體-------自定義數(shù)據(jù)類型結(jié)構(gòu)體類型定義struct[結(jié)構(gòu)體名]{

類型標識符成員名；類型標識符成員名；

…………….}；成員類型可以是基本型或構(gòu)造型struct是關(guān)鍵字,不能省略合法標識符可省:無名結(jié)構(gòu)體Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第九章結(jié)構(gòu)體與共用體9.1結(jié)構(gòu)體struct例struct

student{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;floatscore;charaddr[30];};namenumsexagescoreaddr2字節(jié)2字節(jié)20字節(jié)1字節(jié)4字節(jié)30字節(jié)……..結(jié)構(gòu)體類型定義描述結(jié)構(gòu)的組織形式,不分配內(nèi)存結(jié)構(gòu)體類型定義的作用域Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.例structstudentnamenumse例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;floatscore;charaddr[30];};

structstudentstu1,stu2;9.2結(jié)構(gòu)體變量的定義先定義結(jié)構(gòu)體類型，再定義結(jié)構(gòu)體變量一般形式：struct結(jié)構(gòu)體名{

類型標識符成員名；類型標識符成員名；

…………….}；struct結(jié)構(gòu)體名變量名表列；例#defineSTUDENTstructstudent

STUDENT{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;floatscore;charaddr[30];};

STUDENTstu1,stu2;Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.例structstudent9.2結(jié)構(gòu)體變量定義結(jié)構(gòu)體類型的同時定義結(jié)構(gòu)體變量一般形式：struct結(jié)構(gòu)體名{

類型標識符成員名；類型標識符成員名；

…………….}變量名表列；例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;floatscore;charaddr[30];}stu1,stu2;Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.定義結(jié)構(gòu)體類型的同時定義結(jié)構(gòu)體變量struct結(jié)構(gòu)直接定義結(jié)構(gòu)體變量一般形式：struct{

類型標識符成員名；類型標識符成員名；

…………….}變量名表列；例struct{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;floatscore;charaddr[30];}stu1,stu2;用無名結(jié)構(gòu)體直接定義變量只能一次Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.直接定義結(jié)構(gòu)體變量struct例struct用無名說明結(jié)構(gòu)體類型與結(jié)構(gòu)體變量概念不同類型:不分配內(nèi)存；變量:分配內(nèi)存類型:不能賦值、存取、運算;變量:可以結(jié)構(gòu)體可嵌套結(jié)構(gòu)體成員名與程序中變量名可相同，不會混淆結(jié)構(gòu)體類型及變量的作用域與生存期例structdate{intmonth;intday;intyear;};structstudent{intnum;charname[20];

structdatebirthday;}stu;numnamebirthdaymonthdayyear例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];

structdate{intmonth;intday;intyear;}birthday;}stu;numnamebirthdaymonthdayyearEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.說明例structdatenumnamebirthda9.3結(jié)構(gòu)體變量的引用引用規(guī)則結(jié)構(gòu)體變量不能整體引用,只能引用變量成員可以將一個結(jié)構(gòu)體變量賦值給另一個結(jié)構(gòu)體變量結(jié)構(gòu)體嵌套時逐級引用成員(分量)運算符優(yōu)先級:1結(jié)合性:從左向右引用方式：結(jié)構(gòu)體變量名.成員名例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;floatscore;charaddr[30];}stu1,stu2;stu1.num=10;stu1.score=85.5;stu1.score+=stu2.score;stu1.age++;例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;floatscore;charaddr[30];}stu1,stu2;printf(“%d,%s,%c,%d,%f,%s\n”,stu1);()stu1={101,“WanLin”,‘M’,19,87.5,“DaLian”};()例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;floatscore;charaddr[30];}stu1,stu2;stu2=stu1;()例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];structdate{intmonth;intday;intyear;}birthday;}stu1,stu2;numnamebirthdaymonthdayyearstu1.birthday.month=12;例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;floatscore;charaddr[30];}stu1,stu2;if(stu1==stu2)……..()Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.9.3結(jié)構(gòu)體變量的引用可以將一個結(jié)構(gòu)體變量賦值給另一個結(jié)構(gòu)9.4結(jié)構(gòu)體變量的初始化形式一：struct結(jié)構(gòu)體名{

類型標識符成員名；類型標識符成員名；

…………….}；struct結(jié)構(gòu)體名結(jié)構(gòu)體變量={初始數(shù)據(jù)}；例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;charaddr[30];};structstudentstu1={112,“WangLin”,‘M’,19,“200BeijingRoad”};Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.9.4結(jié)構(gòu)體變量的初始化struct結(jié)構(gòu)體名例形式二：struct結(jié)構(gòu)體名{

類型標識符成員名；類型標識符成員名；

…………….}結(jié)構(gòu)體變量={初始數(shù)據(jù)}；例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;charaddr[30];}stu1={112,“WangLin”,‘M’,19,“200BeijingRoad”};Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.形式二：struct結(jié)構(gòu)體名例struct形式三：struct{

類型標識符成員名；類型標識符成員名；

…………….}結(jié)構(gòu)體變量={初始數(shù)據(jù)}；例struct{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;charaddr[30];}stu1={112,“WangLin”,‘M’,19,“200BeijingRoad”};Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.形式三：struct例structEvaluatio9.5結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組的定義三種形式：形式一:

structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;};structstudentstu[2];形式二:structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;}stu[2];形式三:struct{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;}stu[2];numnamesexagenumnamesexagestu[0]stu[1]25BEvaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.9.5結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組形式一:形式二:形式三:numname結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組初始化例struct{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;}stu[]={{……},{……},{……}};順序初始化:structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;};structstudentstu[]={100,“WangLin”,‘M’,20,101,“LiGang”,‘M’,19,110,“LiuYan”,‘F’,19};例structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;}stu[]={{……},{……},{……}};分行初始化:structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;};structstudentstu[]={{100,“WangLin”,‘M’,20},{101,“LiGang”,‘M’,19},{110,“LiuYan”,‘F’,19}};全部初始化時維數(shù)可省結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組引用引用方式：結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組名[下標].成員名structstudent{intnum;charname[20];charsex;intage;}str[3];stu[1].age++;strcpy(stu[0].name,”ZhaoDa”);Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.結(jié)構(gòu)體數(shù)組初始化例struct順序初始化:例str例統(tǒng)計后選人選票structperson{charname[20];intcount;}leader[3]={“Li”,0,“Zhang”,0,”Wang“,0};main(){inti,j;charleader_name[20];

for(i=1;i<=10;i++){scanf("%s",leader_name);

for(j=0;j<3;j++) if(strcmp(leader_name,leader[j].name)==0) leader[j].count++;}for(i=0;i<3;i++)printf("%5s:%d\n",leader[i].name,leader[i].count);}namecountLiZhangWang000Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.例統(tǒng)計后選人選票structpersonnamecou9.6結(jié)構(gòu)體和指針指向結(jié)構(gòu)體變量的指針定義形式：struct結(jié)構(gòu)體名*結(jié)構(gòu)體指針名;例structstudent*p;使用