全新版大學(xué)英語綜合教程第四冊第四單元

Unit4GlobalizationBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReadingTextAInSearchofDavosMan

尋找達(dá)沃斯人.馬云用手機(jī)掃碼花38888元買走了今年雙11的第一單，剛剛從日本運(yùn)來的藍(lán)鰭金槍魚。10月19日，趙薇的酒莊在天貓旗艦店上線BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.GolbalizationBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Overmanycenturies,humansocietiesacrosstheglobehaveestablishedprogressivelyclosercontacts.Recently,thepaceofglobalintegrationhasdramaticallyincreased.Unprecedentedchangesincommunications,transportation,andcomputertechnologyhavegiventheprocessnewimpetusandmadetheworldmoreinterdependentthanever.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Multinationalcorporationsmanufactureproductsinmanycountriesandselltoconsumersaroundtheworld.Money,technologyandrawmaterialsmoveevermoreswiftlyacrossnationalborders.Alongwithproductsandfinances,ideasandculturescirculatemorefreely.Asaresult,laws,economies,andsocialmovementsareformingattheinternationallevel.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Now,let’senjoyavideoBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReadingBack.PartDivisionoftheTextMatchtheideasSentenceTranslation

BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.

PartDivisionoftheTextPartPara(s)MainIdeas11~324~5IntroductiontoDavosManandtheWorldEconomicForum.Debateovertheimpactofglobalizationoncurrentsocietyandculture.36~849~11GlobalizationversusnationalismandthechallengesitfacesHistoryofglobalizationanditsrecenttrendsandfutureprospects.BackBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.InPartIV,afurtherdivisioninthecampofDavosManisillustrated.Some,likePatrickSayer,arelesskeenontheglobalmarketthanothers,becausenationalbordersstillhinderglobaltrade.PartIVPara.9-11BackBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.AlsoinPartIII,thereisacontrastbetweenDavosManandManilaWoman.WhileDavosManmaydisregardnationalloyalty,ManilaWomanisfiercelypatriotic.PartIIIPara.6-8BackBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.InPartII,welearnthatProf.Huntington’sviewpointDiffersfromthatofCharlesSchwab.TheformerwarnsthatDavosManposesathreattoAmericanvalues,whereasthelatterarguesthatendorsingaglobaloutlookdoesnotmeanerasingnationalidentity.PartIIPara.4-5BackBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.PartIPara.1-3 FromPartI,weknowthatalthoughbothWilliamBrowderandAlexMandleareso-calledDavosMen,Theyaredifferent.Theformer,bornintheUS,gaveuphisUSpassporttobecomeaBritishcitizenbecausenationalidentitymakesnodifferenceforhim.Thelatter,althoughanAustralianbybirthandspendingofhisadultlifeoutsidetheUS,holdshisUscitizenshipdear.BackBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.MatchtheideasInthetext,therearemanynamesandideasmentioned.ScanandmatchtheideapresentedinColumnBwiththepersoninColumnA.Therearemorenameslisted.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.ColumnBA.Therearestilltoomanybarrierstocross-borderbusinessinEurope,letalonetheworld..Manilawomanarestronglypatriotic..Culturalidentityshouldbelocalandnationalinnature..U.S.andEuropeancompaniesarenowfacinghigh-quality,low-costcompetitionfromoverseas..IseemyselfasAmericanwithoutanyhesitation.ColumnA1.JohnChambers2.MarcoTronchettiProvera3.AlexMandl4.PatrickSayer5.KlausSchwab6.WilliamBrowder7.ValerieGoodingB

C

D

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BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.

TrueorFalsePeoplecallWilliamBrowderanAmerican,becausehewasborninPrinceton,NewJersey,grewupinChicago,andstudiedatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.FWilliamBrowderwasborninPrinceton,NewJersey,grewupinChicago,andstudiedatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.Butdon’tcallhimanAmerican.(

)T()2.Browderbelievesthatnationalidentitymakesnodifferenceforhim.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.3.AlexMandlisalsoaferventbelieveringlobalization.HeneverviewshimselfasanAmerican.FHeseeshimselfasAmericanwithouthesitation.(

)4.DavosmanrefertothemembersoftheinternationalbusinessélitewhotrekeachyeartotheSwissAlpinetownfortheannualmeetingoftheWorldEconomicForum.T(

)BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.6.ProfessorSamuelHuntingtondescribesDavosManasanemergingglobalsuperspeciesandathreat.5.AttheWorldEconomicForum,theissuesdiscussedincludeeverythingfrompost-electionIraqandHIVinAfricatotheglobalsupplyofoilandtheimplicationsofnanotechnology.T(

)T(

)BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.1.Didglobaltradeexistinthepast?Whatdidpeopledoingglobaltradethinkofitthen?Yes,globaltradehasbeenaroundforcenturies.Inthepast,thecorporationsandcountriesthatbenefitedfromglobaltradewerelargelycontenttotreatvastpartsoftheworldasplacestominenaturalresourcesorsellfinishedproducts.第六段BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.2.WhatisGoldmanSachs’（高盛集團(tuán)）predictionabouttheworldeconomyinthefuture?P99第八段Hepredictedthatfoureconomies—Russia,Brazil,IndiaandChina—willbecomeamuchlargerforceintheworldeconomythanwidelyexpected,basedonprojectionsofdemographicandeconomicgrowth,withChinapotentiallyovertakingGermanythisdecade.By2050,thesefournewcomerswilllikelyhavedisplacedallbuttheU.S.andJapanfromthetopsixeconomiesintheworld.第八段BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.DavosManneedstofigureouthowtostrikeabalanceonaglobalscalebetweenbeinginternationalandbeingnationalatthesametime.3.WhodoesManilaWoman（馬尼拉女人）referto?P99第九段Itreferstolow-paidmigrantworkersfromAsiaandelsewherewhoareincreasinglyprovidingkeyservicesaroundtheworld.UnlikeDavosMan,ManilaWomanisstronglypatriotic.第九段4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkDavosManneedtofigureout?第十一段BackBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.1.HuntingtonarguesthatDavosMan’sglobal-citizenself-imageisstarklyatoddswiththevaluesofmostAmericans,whoremaindeeplycommittedtotheirnation.亨廷頓提出，達(dá)沃斯人以全球公民自居的自我形象，與大多數(shù)美國人的價(jià)值觀完全相悖。2. Iftheissueisthesizeofthetotalpie,globalizationhasprovedagoodthing.Iftheissueishowthepieisdivided,ifyou’reintheWesternworldyoucouldquestionthat.SentenceTranslation

如果問題涉及的是整個(gè)蛋糕的大小，那全球化已經(jīng)被證明是件好事。如果問題在于蛋糕怎么分，而你又是西方人，那你就會(huì)質(zhì)疑全球化。BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.3. Thequestioniswhetheritwilltakeanother140yearsforDavosMantofigureouthowtostrikethesamebalanceonaglobalscale.問題是，達(dá)沃斯人是否需要再花上140年，才能搞明白如何在全球規(guī)模上取得同樣的平衡。4.他們都將國籍視為個(gè)人選擇，而不是由出生地決定的。Bothseetheiridentityasamatterofpersonalchoice,notanaccidentofbirth.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.7.隨著邊界和對國家的認(rèn)同變得越來越不重要，有些人將此視作威脅，甚至危險(xiǎn)。5.歐洲跨國界經(jīng)營中還有太多障礙，更別提全球經(jīng)營了。Therearestilltoomanybarrierstocross-borderbusinessinEurope,letalonetheworld.6.這聽上去也許像狹隘民族主義，但內(nèi)中確大有學(xué)問。Thatmaysoundlikeanarrownationalism,yetitcontainsahiddenwisdom.Asbordersandnationalidentitiesbecomelessimportant,somefindthatthreateningandevendangerous.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReadingBack.globalization:

n.freeflowsofcapital,labor,technology,andpersonalcontactacrossnationalbordersSomeseethespreadofEnglishasaninternationallanguageasjustanotherconsequenceofglobalization.Thankstoglobalization,theburgeryoubuyinMoscowisexactlythesameastheoneyoubuyinNewYork.Globalizationissweepingasidenationalbordersandchangingrelationsbetweennations.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.sweepaside:clearawayorgetridofsuddenlyorforcefully;refusetopayattentionto他們對所有的反對意見不予理睬。Theysweptalltheobjectionsaside.Anyway,bythenshewassurethatJuliuswouldsimplyhavesweptanycurbsaside.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Collocation：掃清，迅速消滅sweepaway掃掉，清除sweepoutsweepover打掃干凈，收拾干凈sweepup眺望，環(huán)視BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.asset:n.1)moneyorpropertythatapersonorcompanyownsCopyrights,patents,trademarks,brandnames,andtradesecretsareallpartofacompany’sintangibleassets.目前，他們的資產(chǎn)有623萬美元。Currently,theyhave$6,230,000inassets.2)anadvantageoraresourceThemostpowerfulassetwehaveisourskilled,dedicatedworkforce.Asenseofhumorisanimportantassetforanyteacher.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Nationalidentitymakesnodifferenceforme.(P1,L9)Whichsidewinsmakesnodifferencetohim.姚明的缺席似乎對休斯頓火箭隊(duì)沒有太大的影響。TheabsenceofYaoMingseemedtomakelittledifferencetotheperformanceoftheHoustonRockets.makeno/littledifference:haveno/littleeffect(on),beofno/littleimportance(to)BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.…MandlwhohasbeenaU.S.citizenfor45yearsstillidentifieshimselfasanAmerican.(P2,L7)identity:n.

身份，同一性，一致identify:v.確定，識(shí)別，認(rèn)同identify…as:recognizeandcorrectlynamesomeoneorsth.Eg.HisaccentidentifiedhimasaFrenchman.Thepolicemanidentifiedhimasthethief.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.…membersoftheinternationalbusinessélitewhotrekeachyeartotheSwissAlpinetown…(P3,L4)élite:

n.agroupofpeoplewhohavealotofpowerandinfluencebecausetheyhavemoney,knowledge,orspecialskills這些人構(gòu)成了有決定權(quán)的精英集團(tuán)。Thesepeopleformanelitewhohavethepowertomakedecisions.Collocation:political/social/economicelite政治/社會(huì)/經(jīng)濟(jì)精英Onlyasmallelitecanaffordtosendtheirchildrentothisschool.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.…BrowderandMandlwilljoinmorethan2,200executives,politicians,academics,journalists,writersandahandfulofHollywoodstarsforfiveyears…(P3,L8)ahandfulof:averysmallnumberofpeopleorthingsThatplacewasoflittleinterest.Ionlytookahandfulofpictures.Whatcountsishavingahandfulofyoungthatareexceptional.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.earnest:

adj.markedbyorshowingdeepsincerityorseriousness你可以笑，但我絕對是認(rèn)真的。Collocation:inearnest鄭重地，嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真FriendsdescribedJacksonasanearnest,hard-workingyoungman.YoumaylaughbutI’mindeadlyearnest.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Whatevertheirconsiderabledifferences,mostDavsMenandWomenshareatleastonebelief…(P3,L14)considerable:adj.fairlylarge,especiallylargeenoughtohaveaneffectorbeimportantEg:Attractingtouriststotheareaisgoingtotakeconsiderableeffort.Eg:Aconsiderableamountofresearchwasdoneherebyoursciencedepartment.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.他們有資格享有許多優(yōu)惠和特權(quán)。Inanessayentitled“DeadSoul:TheDenationalizationoftheAmricanElite,”(P4,L2)Theyareentitledtoenjoymanyadvantagesandprivileges.Full-timeemployeesareentitledtoreceivehealthinsurance.2)givesomeonetheofficialrighttodoorhavesth.ShewasreadingapoementitledARedRedRose.entitle:vt.1)giveatitleto

給…題名，給…取名BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.vanish:vi.disappearsuddenly,especiallyinawaythatcannotbeeasilyexplainedEg:Mykeyswerehereaminuteagobutnowthey’vevanished.Eg:Ilockeditupinthesafe.Itcouldn’thavevanishedintothinair!…h(huán)avelittleneedfornationalloyalty,viewnationalboundariesasobstaclesthatthankfullyarevanishing…(P4,L9)BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.…andseenationalgovernmentsasresiduesfromthepastwhoseonlyusefulfunctionistofacilitatetheelite'sglobaloperations.(P4,L10)facilitate:

vt.

makeiteasierforaprocessoractivitytohappenBothcentersareelectronicallylinkedtofacilitatecommunication.學(xué)校都建在同一校區(qū)內(nèi)，以便資源共享。SchoolswerelocatedinthesamecampustofacilitatethesharingofresourcesBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.HuntingtonarguesthatDavosMan’sglobal-citizenself-imageisstarklyatoddswiththevaluesofmostAmericans,whoremaindeeplycommittedtotheirnation.(P4,L12)小事，不要緊的東西atoddswith:inconflictwith;disagreeingorquarrellingwithThegovernmentdecisiontoraisetaxeswasatoddswiththeirpoliciesoninflation.Collocation：矛盾，不一致atodds沒有關(guān)系，無關(guān)緊要itmakesnoodds占優(yōu)勢takeoddsoddsandendsBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Alotofmoneyhasbeencommittedtothisproject.中國承諾發(fā)展低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)。Chinaiscommittedtopursuingalowcarboneconomy.becommittedto:

promisetodo(sth.);bedevotedtoBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.…arguesthatendorsingaglobaloutlookdoesnotmeanerasingnationalidentity.(P5,L3)endorse:vt.

givesupportorapprovaltoThePrimeMinisterisunlikelytoendorsethisview.Collocation：贊成提議/想法/候選人endorseaproposal/anidea/acandidate背書支票endorseachequeBeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.沒有什么東西可以使他忘記那件事。他擦去了錯(cuò)誤答案,寫上了正確答案。erase:

vt.

removebyorasifbyrubbing,wipeoutTheirdreamistoerasepovertyandinjusticefromtheworld.Nothingcanerasetheincidentfromhismemory.Heerasedthewronganswerandwroteintherightone.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Evenastheglobalizationofcapitalacceleratedinthe1980s,mostforeigninvestmentwasbetween…(P6,L5)accelerate:

v.(causeto)movefasterorhappenearlier選手們跑過彎道時(shí)平穩(wěn)地加速。Therunnersacceleratedsmoothlyroundthebend.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Howeverthepasttwodecadeshavewitnessedtheriseofothersignificantplayers.(P7,L1)Thewitnesswasaskedtoidentifythedefendantinthecourtroom.witness:

1.vt.bepresentandsee2.n.someonewhoseesacrimeoranaccidentandcandescribewhathappened20世紀(jì)80年代，電子傳媒得到了空前的發(fā)展。The1980switnessedanunprecedentedincreaseinthescopeoftheelectronicmedia.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.Alandmark2003studybyGoldmanSachspredictedthatfoureconomies…(P8,L1)landmark:n.1)sth.thatiseasytorecognize,suchasatalltreeorbuilding,andthathelpsyouknowwhereyouare這座塔曾是船只的陸標(biāo)。Thetowerwasoncealandmarkforships.2)oneofthemostimportantevents,changes,ordiscoveriesthatinfluencessomeoneorsth.小孩的出世是所有相關(guān)人生活中一件大事。Thebirthofachildisanimportantlandmarkinthelivesofallconcerned.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading...withChinapotentiallyovertakingGermanythisdecade.(P8,L6)overtake(overtook,overtaken):1.v.gopastamovingvehicleorpersonbecauseyouaregoingfasterthanthemandwanttogetinfrontofthemTelevisionsoonovertookthecinemaasthemostpopularformofentertainment.2.vt.catchupwithorpassaftercatchingupwithBeforeyoustarttoovertake,makesuretheroadisclearaheadofyou.在工業(yè)產(chǎn)量方面德國迅速超過了英國。GermanyrapidlyovertookBritaininindustrialoutput.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.…shesays,they’renotambivalentaboutbeingstronglypatriotic.(P9,L10)patriotic:adj.feeling,orexpressing,inspiredbyloveofforone’scountryRelativesrememberedhimasadeeplypatrioticman.Thepresidentialcandidatesaidpayinghighertaxeswasapatrioticact.BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.…andcomplainstherearestilltoomanybarrierstocross-borderbusinessinEurope,letalonetheworld.(P10,L4)letalone:

muchless;nottomention他連帶領(lǐng)保齡球隊(duì)的本事都沒有，更別提領(lǐng)導(dǎo)國家了。Hewasincapableofleadingabowlingteam,letaloneacountry.Pattern:letsb/sth.be 別打擾，不干預(yù)letsth.drop/fall 無意中說出，不經(jīng)意透露letsb./sth.go 放，釋放BeforeReadingWordsGrammarWhileReading.domestic:adj.oforinsideaparti