畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)-水利外文翻譯

..v英文原文：WaterResourcesandHydropowerEngineeringConstructionDesignLayout[Keywords]constructionlayout

Fuzzymultipleattributedecisionmaking

WaterResourcesandHydropowerConstruction[Abstract]Analysisofaffectingfactorsoftheconstructionlayoutprogramcharacteristicsthatpeoplevalueinidentifyingtheseindicatorsfuzzyconstraintsaredifficulttogiveexactvalues,whiledecision-makingprocesshasbeenoneofpsychological,subjectivewillandtheworkexperienceandotheraspectsinfluencedecision-makingprocessandthereforethereiscertainlyambiguity.1,WaterResourcesandHydropowerEngineeringConstructionLayoutFactors

Constructionadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthegenerallayoutscheme,involvingmanyfactors,fromdifferentanglestoevaluatetheevaluationfactorsgenerallyhavetwocategories,qualitativefactors,andquantitativefactorsofaclass.Qualitativefactorsaremainly:1.Favorableproduction,easytoadminister,facilitatethedegreeoflife;2.Duringtheconstructionprocess,thedegreeofco-ordination;3.Theprincipalimpactofconstructionandoperation;4.Meetthesecurity,fire,floodprevention,environmentalprotectionrequirements;5.TemporaryWorksandthebinationofpermanentworksandsoon.Indicatorsaremainlyquantitativefactors;1.Sitepreparationearthworkquantityandcost;2.Theextentofuseofearthexcavation;3.Temporaryworksofconstructionworkquantityandcost;4.Workloadandavarietyofmaterials,transportcosts;5.Sizeandcostoflandacquisition;6.Madetotheareatofield,therecoveryorrecyclingconstructionfees.Astheconstructionisconstructionplanninglayoutcontent,isthatpeopleunderworkexperience,binedwithengineeringdataontheoccurrenceofafuturepredictionabout.Therefore,bothqualitativefactors,andthequantitativefactors,thereisuncertainty.Weknowthattheuncertaintyoftwodifferentforms;oneisuncertainwhethertheincidentoccurredin11random,theeventitselfthestateofuncertainty11ambiguity.Randomnessisanexternalcauseingeneraluncertain,butambiguityisaninherentuncertaintyofthestructure.Fromtheinformationpointofview,therandomnessinvolvesonlytheamountofinformation,whiletheambiguityisrelatedtothemeaningofinformation.Wecansaythatambiguityismoreprofoundthantherandomness,theuncertaintymoregenerally,especiallyinthesubjectiveunderstandingofareasofroleambiguityismuchmoreimportantthantheroleofrandomness.Randompeopleforalotofresearchhasbeencarriedout,achievedfruitfulresults;whileambiguitywasongoingandin-depthknowledgeandresearchinthe.Allpeopleinvolvedinthesystem,carriedoutbypeopleplanning,feasibilitystudies,evaluationofdecision-making,designandmanagement,andtherefore,cannotignoretheobjectiveworldofthingsinthehumanbrain,onebyonetoreflecttheuncertaintyofambiguity,itisanobjectivedifferenceintermediatedivisioncausedbythetransitionofakindofuncertainty.ConstructionLayoutDesignisnoexception,inthearrangementofconstructiontherearealargenumberofobjectivefuzzyfactors.Forexample,theconstructionoffacilities,coordinationbetweenthelevelsof"good"and"general"isanaccuratevaluecannotbedescribed.Therefore,thearrangementcannotignoreoravoidtheconstructionofthefuzzinessexistingintheprocess,butshouldbeobjectiveanddealwithambiguityofthisobjective,understandtherulesforpeopleplanning,demonstration,evaluationanddecision,designandmanagementtoprovideascientificbasisandmethods.Astheconstructionlayoutofthecontentinvolvedinmoreprogramsfuzzyfactorsexist,thetraditionalconstructionarrangementheconsideredtheexistenceofambiguity,butindecision-makingprocesshasfuzzyinformationprecision,notarealfuzzyoptimization.Therefore,theprogramshouldfocusonoptimizationoffuzzyfactorsintoaccount,theambiguityshouldbereflectedinthedecision-makingontheindex,indexweights.Forquantitativeindicators,mainlytheamountandcostoftheprojectissues,itsvaluecanbefoundinengineeringmaterialsanddesigndocumentstodeterminebycalculation,theresultsarethevaluesoftheparametersandexperience.Aseveryengineer'sunderstandingofthingsisnotthesameexperienceinacertainrangeofparameterchanges,theresultsalsoinacertainrange.Forqualitativeindicators,accordingtoexperts,engineeringexperience,throughexpertscoringmethod,setthevalueofstatisticstodetermine.Suchsubjectivefactors,theknowledgestructureanddecision-makingpreferencesplayamajorrole.Butinpractice,duetotheplexityofobjectivethingsandthepeople'sthinkingontheuseoffuzzyconcept,todescribewithprecisionthenumberbeesverydifficult,butwith"some","left"andthelikegetfuzzyconcepttodescribethemorereasonable.Determinetheweightsofevaluationindexes,therearemanymathematicalwaystodeterminetheaccuratecalculation.Weknow,fordifferentprojects,inthesamefactors,theirimportanceisnotthesame,thenthemathematicalmodelisdifficulttofullyreflecttheactualsituation,thehelpofexpertsinengineeringexperiencemustbejudged.Sincetheexistenceoftheaboveambiguity,avoidorignoretheambiguityisunscientific,inplete.Previousindexvaluethatdecision-making,decisionweightsforprogramsfordeterminingthevalueofthepreferredmethod,thereisboundtosidednessandlimitations.Astechnologydevelops,peopleareincreasinglydemandingofprecision,theobjectofstudybeemoreplicated,asplicatedtosomedegreeafterthemeaningoftheprecisecognitivedeclinesandtheappropriatefuzzybutaccurate.Here,theintroductionoffuzzymathematicaltools,theuseofmodernfuzzymultipleattributedecisionmakingtheory,Fuzzymultipleattributedecisionmakingmodel,canexistforpeopletoconsidertheambiguityoftheobjective,toprovidestrongsupportforrationaldecision-making.

2,WaterResourcesandHydropowerEngineeringConstructionDesignLayout

ConstructionLayoutasafocusofthesystemaroundtheconcretelayoutofthetemporarystructures.Thereare1.Allkindsofstorage,stockpileandSpoil;2.Mechanicalrepairsystem;3.Metalstructure,mechanicalandelectricalequipmentandconstructionequipmentinstalledbase;4.Wind,waterandelectricitysupplysystems;5.Otherconstructionplant,suchassteelprocessing,woodprocessing,prefabricatedfactory;6.Officeandlivingspace,suchasoffices,laboratories,dormitories,hospitals,schools,etc.;7.Firesafetyfacilitiesandother,suchasfirestations,guard,andsecuritycordonso.Atthistime,varioustypesoftemporarystructuresshouldbeputforward,theconstructionoffacilitiesfurnishedalistofpartialpressure,theirarea,buildingareaandvolumeofconstructionandinstallation;onfertilizationwithanestimateoflandacquisition,landareaandtheproposedlanduseplan,thestudytoreclaiminglandintheuseofthemeasures,sitepreparationearthworkvolumecalculations,theintegratedcutandfillbalanceoftheproposedexcavationoftheuseofeffectiveplanning.Constructionoffacilitiesinordertoavoidconflictbetweenthelayouts,constructionoffacilitiesintheanalysisofadjacencyrelations,istoanalyzetherelationshipbetweentheconstructionoffacilities,strengthofcorrelationandrelationship.Usuallybasedontheadjacencyrelationship,considertheconstructionschedule,constructionstrength,facilitiesoperationandlogistics.Analysisofthesizeandlayoutoftheconstructionoffacilitiespresentatthelocationofthegroundbetweenthesitecontrolledtheindicatorsare:1.Thescaleofconstructionfacilitieslayout,themainconsiderationstomeettheconstructionrequirementsofthecase,theconstructionoffacilities,capacityandlayoutarea.2.Foundationbearingcapacityoftheconstructionoffacilitiestoconsidergeology,slopestabilityandsoon.3.Hydrologicalrequirementsandconstructionguideclosureofthecase,considerthedifferentconstructionperiods,flood,watertable,waterlevelchangesintheconstructionsitelayoutplanningofconstructionrestrictionsandimpact.4.Theheightdifferencelogisticsconstraints,consideringlogisticsandverticalelevationgradientlines,logisticsofimportandexport.5.Constructionofthedistancebetweenthesefacilitiesandrestrictions,mainlyreferstotheconstructionoffacilitiesnecessaryforrunningtheminimumoperatingradius,theminimumlimittransportationquestion,minimumimportandexportlogistics,constructionandfacilities,thesafetydistancebetween.6.Constructionsiteareaofinternalandexternaltrafficconditions,constructionequipment,considertheminimumsafeheightandwidthofthetransport,buildingmaterialsinsidethetransportrequirements.Tobeconcretesystemfacilitiesarrangedinaprominentposition,sothatinterferencebytheotherfacilitiesassmallaspossible,theneedforconstructionoffacilitiesatthistimeanalysisoftherelationshipbetweentheadjacent,asmanyfacilitiesforHydropowerConstruction,differentfacilitieshaveaclearfocusonfunctionality,suchasdepots,gasstations,etc.,ifnotfortheneighborrelationsanalysis,becausetheconstructionoffacilitiesfortheinter-functionalconflict,constructionandprojectmanagementtobringincalculabledamageandsafetyhazardsburied.References:

[1]LuYuMeieditoroftheThreeGorgesDamConstruction[M].Beijing:ChinaElectricPowerPress,2003[2]Wei-JunZhu,ZhangXiaojunandsotheoveralllayoutdesignoftheThreeGorgesProjectConstruction[J].ThepeopleoftheYangtzeRiver,2001.32(10):4-5.譯文：水利水電工程施工的布置方案設(shè)計(jì)[關(guān)鍵詞]施工布置模糊多屬性決策水利水電施工[論文摘要]分析施工布置方案的影響因素特點(diǎn)，指出人們在確定這些指標(biāo)值時(shí)受到模糊性因素的限制很難給出準(zhǔn)確值，同時(shí)決策過程還受到人們心理、主觀意愿和工作經(jīng)歷等多方面的影響，因而決策過程也必然存在模糊性。一、水利水電工程施工布置方案的影響因素分析施工總體布置方案優(yōu)劣，涉及到許多因素，可以從不同的角度來進(jìn)展評價(jià)，其評價(jià)因素大體有兩大類，一類是定性因素，一類是定量因素。屬于定性因素的主要有:1．有利生產(chǎn)，易于管理，方便生活的程度；2．在施工流程中，互相協(xié)調(diào)的程度；3．對主體工程施工和運(yùn)行的影響；4．滿足保安、防火、防洪、環(huán)保方面的要求；5．臨建工程與永久工程結(jié)合的情況等。屬于定量因素的指標(biāo)主要有；1．場地平整土石方工程量和費(fèi)用；2.土石方開挖利用的程度；3．臨建工程建筑安裝工程量和費(fèi)用；4．各種物料的運(yùn)輸工作量和費(fèi)用；5．征地面積和費(fèi)用；6．造地還田的面積，建工程的回收率或回收費(fèi)等。由于施工布置屬于施工規(guī)劃內(nèi)容，是人們根據(jù)工程經(jīng)歷，結(jié)合工程實(shí)際資料對未來即將發(fā)生情況的一種預(yù)測。因此，不管是定性因素，還是定量因素，都存在不確定性。我們知道事件的不確定性有兩種不同的表現(xiàn)形式；一種是事件是否發(fā)生的不確定性一一隨機(jī)性，事件本身狀態(tài)的不確定性一一模糊性。一般來說隨機(jī)性是一種外在因果不確定性，而模糊性是一種內(nèi)在構(gòu)造的不確定性。從信息觀點(diǎn)看，隨機(jī)性只涉及信息的量，而模糊性那么關(guān)系到信息的含義?？梢哉f，模糊性是一種比隨機(jī)性更深刻、更普遍的不確定性，尤其是在主觀認(rèn)識領(lǐng)域，模糊性的作用比隨機(jī)性的作用重要得多。對于隨機(jī)性人們已進(jìn)展了大量的研究，取得了豐碩的成果；而對模糊性得認(rèn)識和研究正在進(jìn)展和深入中。但凡有人參與的系統(tǒng)，都要由人進(jìn)展規(guī)劃、論證、評價(jià)決策、設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)行管理，因而，不能無視客觀外界事物在人腦中反映的不確定性一一模糊性，它是由客觀差異的中介過渡性所引起的劃分一種不確定性。施工總布置設(shè)計(jì)也不例外，在施工布置中客觀上也存在著大量模糊性因素的影響。例如，施工設(shè)施之間的相互協(xié)調(diào)配合程度的“好〞和“一般〞是不能以一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的數(shù)值來描述的。因此，不能無視或回避施工布置過程中存在的模糊性，而應(yīng)客觀對待模糊性這種客觀存在，了解其規(guī)律，為人們規(guī)劃、論證、評價(jià)決策、設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)行管理提供科學(xué)依據(jù)和方法。由于施工布置涉及的內(nèi)容較多，方案的影響因素存在模糊性，傳統(tǒng)的施工布置雖然考慮了模糊性的存在，但在決策過程中已經(jīng)將模糊信息準(zhǔn)確化，不是真正意義上的模糊優(yōu)選。故在方案優(yōu)選中應(yīng)著重考慮模糊因素的影響，其模糊性上要表現(xiàn)在決策指標(biāo)、指標(biāo)權(quán)重。對于定量指標(biāo)，主要是有關(guān)工程量和費(fèi)用的問題，其值可參閱工程資料和設(shè)計(jì)文件通過計(jì)算來確定，計(jì)算結(jié)果往往和經(jīng)歷參數(shù)的取值有關(guān)。由于每位工程人員對事物的認(rèn)識不一樣，經(jīng)歷參數(shù)會(huì)在一定X圍內(nèi)變化，計(jì)算結(jié)果也是處于某一X圍。對于定性指標(biāo)，可以根據(jù)專家的工程經(jīng)歷，可通過專家打分法、集值統(tǒng)計(jì)法來確定。這樣人的主觀因素、知識構(gòu)造及決策偏好起到了很大的作用。但實(shí)際中，由于客觀事物的復(fù)雜性以及人們的思維對模糊概念的運(yùn)用，用準(zhǔn)確數(shù)來描述就顯得很困難，而用“大約〞、“左右〞等之類得模糊概念來描述就