Unit7TheSilkRoad絲綢之路學(xué)習(xí)教案課件

會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1Unit7TheSilkRoad絲綢之路會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1Unit7TheSilkRoad絲綢之路PartII.CreativityandExchange第1頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)P(yáng)artII.CreativityandExchanUnit7TheSilkRoad

第2頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)Unit7TheSilkRoad 第2頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)WhatdoesTheSilkRoadreferto?4第3頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)WhatdoesTheSilkRoadreferIntroductionTheSilkRoadreferstotheancienttraderouteconnectingAsiaContinentandEuropeanContinent,usuallyitcanbeclassifiedintoNorthernSilkRoadontheland，SouthernSilkRoadonthelandandtheSilkRoadonthesea.第4頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)Introduction第4頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)IntroductionTheNorthernSilkRoadonthelandusuallyreferstotheroutesstartfromChang’an(nowXi’an),travellingwesttoWuwei,passingthoughHexiCorridortoDunhuangandgowesttoEurope.第5頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)Introduction第5頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)IntroductionTheSouthernSilkRoadonthelandusuallyreferstotheroutestartsfromSichuanProvinceandgosouthtoIndiaandBurma.ThisroadhasalsoplayedagreatroleinthewarbetweenChinaandJapan.第6頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)Introduction第6頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)IntroductionTheSilkRoadontheseamainlystartedfromGuangzhou,Quanzhou,Dengzhou,Yangzhou,andMingzhouports,thenitgoeseasttoKorea,Japan,southtoEast-southerncountriesandwesttoEuropeandAfrica.第7頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)Introduction第7頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)TheNorthernSilkRoadonthelandisthemostfamous,andWeknowitverywell.第8頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)第8頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)BeginningIt’sveryhardtosayexactlywhentheSilkRoadstarted.Manyincoherentsmallscaletraderouteshaveexistedlongago.TheycanbeconsideredastheearliestSilkRoadbeginningform.

第9頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)BeginningIt’sveryhardtosay11OriginatingfromChang’an(thepresent-dayXi’an),theroutetraversedShanxiProvince,thehexicorridorinGansuprovince,theTarimBasininXingjing,thePamirmountainregion,Afghanistan,Iran,IraqandSyria,endingatMediterranean.第10頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)11OriginatingfromChang’an(thTHESILKROADHanDynastyTheSilkRoadformallystartedafterZhangQian’svisitingasanenvoytoWesternRegioninWesternHanDynasty.Hewenttheretwiceseparatelyin138B.Cand119B.C.HeplaysanimportantroleinexploringtheSilkRoad.第11頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)THESILKROADHanDynastyThe13(164BC~114BC)Anexplorer,traveleranddiplomatinHandynasty.第12頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)13(164BC~114BC)Anexplorer,trWhysentZhangQian?14第13頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)WhysentZhangQian?14第13頁(yè)/共515TheancientSilkRoadinnorthwestChinahasahistoryofmorethantwothousandyears.Originally,theChinesetradedsilkinternallywithintheempire.Caravans旅行隊(duì)fromtheempire'sinteriorwouldcarrysilktothewesternedgesoftheregion.TheywereoftenattackedbythesmallCentralAsiantribeswhowantedtocapturethetraders'valuablecommodities.TrailBlazerofTHESILKROAD第14頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)15TheancientSilkRoadinnor16TheexpansionoftheHanempiremadetheSilkroadpossiblebyopeninguptraderoutes.Inordertoprotectthesecaravansandassurethesafetyofthetrade,theHanGovernmentdispatchedGeneralZhangQianasanenvoytobuildgoodrelationshipswiththesetribes.TrailBlazerofTHESILKROAD第15頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)16TheexpansionoftheHanempZhangQianwassenttomakeanalliancewiththeHuns,whichwasneversuccessful.Hedidhoweverlearnaboutcropssuchasgrapes,amorepowerfulhorseforcombat,andestablishedtraderelationships.ThefatheroftheSilkRoadZhangQian---fatherofSilkRoad第16頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)ZhangQianwassenttomakean18THESILKROADHanDynastyStartingfromChang’an,today'sXi’an,whichwasthecapitaloftheWesternHanDynasty,ZhangledhisteamacrossthevastWesternRegionsandreachedLoulan,GuiziandYutianstatesandestablishedtraderelationswiththesesmallkingdoms.第17頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)18THESILKROADHanDynastyStTHESILKROADHanDynastyAfterZhangQian,BanChaotookonamissiontotheWesternRegion,smoothingtheSilkRoadthathadbeenblockedbyexternalwars.HisassistantGanYingreachedDaqin(ancientRome)andevenwenttoPersianGulf,extendedtheSilkRoad.第18頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)THESILKROADHanDynastyAfte20THESILKROADLoulan,GuiziandYutianwerethreeimportantstatesintheWesternRegionatthattime.Theywereallabandonedforuncertainreasonsandtravelerstodaycanseeruinsofthesethreeonceflourishingplaces.第19頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)20THESILKROADLoulan,Guizi21THESILKROADZhang’sofficerswentevenfurtherintothecentralAsia.AllofthekingdomsthatZhangandhisteamhadvisitedsenttheirenvoystovisitChang’an

(today’sXi’an)toexpresstheirappreciationforthenewrelationshipandshowtheirrespecttotheHanGovernment.第20頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)21THESILKROADZhang’soffice22THESILKROADFromthenon,merchantscouldtravelonthesilkroutesafely,andtheybegantoexplorethisnewrouteinordertocarrysilkfromChinatootherpartsoftheworld.第21頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)22THESILKROADFromthenon,Silkwasavaluabletradegoodbecauseitwasacloththatwasstrong,warm,light,andsoft.ItwasvaluablebecauseatthetimeonlytheChineseknewhowtomakeit.UnderHanrulerevealingthesilkmakingprocesswaspunishablebydeath.Silkasatradegood第22頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)SilkwasavaluabletradegoodWhatdidtheSilkRoadfunctioninthepast?24---Traderoute---AbridagethatlinkedAncientChinatotheoutsideworld----…第23頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)WhatdidtheSilkRoadfunctioTheSilkRoadwasoneofthereasonstheHandynastyprosperedwithanetworkofsmallertraderoutesthatstretchedmorethanfourthousandmiles.TheRomanempiredominatedtheMediterranean,butthesilkroadconnectedbothpowerfulempiresandlinkedthepeopleoftheeastandthewestforoverathousandyears.TheSilkRoad第24頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)TheSilkRoadwasoneoftherWhenpeopleofotherculturelearnedaboutsilk,itwasahighlyprizedmaterial.Theromanwantedsilkanditwasconsideredluxuryitem.TheRomantradedglasswareandgoldsomethingtheChinesereallywanted.Rometradesglasswareforsilk第25頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)WhenpeopleofotherculturelTangDynastyTheTangDynastygovernmentpaidmoreattentiontotheSilkRoad.UnliketheSilkRoadinHanDynasty,TangDynastyhadcontroloversomeareasofWesternRegionandCentralAsiaalongtheroad,establishingeffectiveandsturdyorders,whichclearedobstaclesforChinesebusinessmen.第26頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)TangDynastyTheTangDynastyg28THESILKROADThefamousChineseMonkXuanzanginTangDynastytraveledalongtheSilkRoadduringtheTangDynasty.第27頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)28THESILKROADThefamousChin29THESILKROADThefamousChineseMonkXuanzanginTangDynastytraveledalongtheSilkRoadduringtheTangDynasty.XuanzangbeganhistripfromChang’an(today'sXi’an)andpassedthroughtheGanSuCorridor,HaMi,TurPanandcontinuedhisjourneywestwardtoIndia.Xuanzangwassurprisedbythewarmreceptionhereceivedalonghisway.第28頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)29THESILKROADThefamousChin30THESILKROADItwascommonlybelievedthatpeopleinthosestateswerebrutal,wildanduncontrollable.Xuangzang'stripchangedtheattitudetowardthenomadictribesintheWesternRegionandthiscontributedgreatlytotheTanggovernment'sfriendlyrelationshipwiththesestates.第29頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)30THESILKROADItwascommonlyTangDynastyAfterAnShiRebellioninTangDynasty,theempirefelldown.By760AD,theTangGovernmenthadlostcontroloftheWesternRegionandthetradeontheSilkRoadwashalted.第30頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)TangDynastyAfterAnShiRebelYuanDynastyThesilkroadonthelandrevivedgreatlyduringYuanDynastyperiodwhenChinabecamelargelydependentonitssilktrade.GenghisKhanconqueredallthesmallstates,unifiedChinaandbuiltalargeempireunderhisrule.

第31頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)YuanDynastyThesilkroadont33THESILKROADYuanDynastyTradealongtheSilkRoadreacheditszenithduringthisperiod.ThefamoustravelerMarcoPolotraveledalongtheSilkRoadvisitingDaDuthatistoday'sBeijingandwrotehisfamousbookabouttheorientandintroducedChinatowesterncountriessystematically.第32頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)33THESILKROADYuanDynastyTra34THESILKROADAsoverlandtradebecameincreasinglydangerous,andtravelbyseabecamemorepopular,tradealongtheSilkRoaddeclined.WhiletheChinesedidmaintainasilk-furtradewiththeRussiansnorthoftheoriginalSilkRoute.第33頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)34THESILKROADAsoverlandtraDeclinationBytheendofthefourteenthcentury,tradeandtravelalongtheroadhaddecreasedsignificantly.GraduallyitwasreplacedbytheSilkRoadonthesea.第34頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)DeclinationBytheendofthef36THESILKROADTheSilkRoadwasdefinitelyanimportantpathforcultural,commercialandtechnologicalexchangebetweentraders,merchants,pilgrim,missionariesevensoldiers.Duringmorethan2000years,theroadimprovedthetransferfromnomadstourbandwellersacrosstheAsiancontinenteventhecountriesborderinguponMediterranean.第35頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)36THESILKROADTheSilkRoadwInfluenceTheSilkRoadgreatlypromotedtheexchangesofeconomy,technologyandcultureamongtheAsian,theEuropeanandtheAfrican.itmadethewholeworldcolorful.第36頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)InfluenceTheSilkRoadgreatlyTheSilkroadwasnotonecontinuousroute,butaseriesofshortertraderoutessothegoodscouldchangemanytimebeforereachingthefinaldestination.FromLuoyang,thesilkroadledwestalongtheGobiDeserttoDunhuanginNorthwesternChina.TravelersrodeaCamelontheeasternsilkroad.FromDunhuangtravelerschooseeitheranorthernorsouthernrouteacrosstheTaklimandeserttoKashgar.Travelersfacedmanyproblemssuchasbanditsoftenattacking,sandstorms,andlackofwater.TheEasternSilkRoad第37頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)TheSilkroadwasnotonecontSilkwastheperfecttradinggood,becauseitwaslightandvaluable.Goodshadtobeeasilycarriedsothatmerchantscouldtransportmoregoodsonfeweranimals.Besidessilk,theChinesealsotradedfinedishware,ornaments,jewelry,castironproducts,anddecorativeboxes.TheChinesereceivedavarietyoftradesfortheirgoodssuchashorses,jade,furs,gold,cotton,spices,pearls,andivory.Goodsexchangedalongtheeasternsilkroad第38頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)SilkwastheperfecttradinggKashgarwasthecentraltradingpointandtheytraveledWestward.InsteadofcarryinggoodsbycameltheycarriedgoodsbyYak.TheWesternSilkroadwentthroughmountains,deserts,andthenfinallyreachedtheMediterraneanports.ThedangersoftheWesternSilkroadweretreacherousMountainsknowas“Trailofbones.”IntheSyrianDeserttraderswerethreatenedbytigers,lions,andscorpions.TheWesternSilkRoad第39頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)KashgarwasthecentraltradiRomesentanumberofproductstobeexchangedforChinesesilksuchasvases,trays,smallbottles,asbestos,andgold.TiberiustheemperorofRomepassedalawwhereitwasillegaltowearsilk.ItwasbelievedthatTiberiusthoughitwouldmaketheRomanslooksoftandweak,butmanybelieveditwasbecauseoftheshortageofgold.Goodsexcahngedalongthewesternsilkroad第40頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)RomesentanumberofproductsThetradebetweeneastandwestcreatedculturaldiffusion.WiththesharingofculturessuchasIndia,Buddhismspreadthroughoutchinaandothersurroundingcivilizations.Foodwerealsobroughtthroughoutthesilkroad.Chinaimportednewfoodsuchasgrapes,figs,pomegranates,andwalnuts.TheWestimportedoranges,peaches,pears,anddifferentflowerssuchaschrysanthemums.CulturalExchangesandtheSilkRoad第41頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)Thetradebetweeneastandwes43THESILKROADTheemergenceoftheSilkRoadvigorouslypromotedtheEast-Westeconomic,culturalexchanges,andcontributedtotheriseoftheHanDynasty.Furthermore,thatrouteisakeypathwayofIntercoursebetweenEastandWest,either.第42頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)43THESILKROADTheemergenceo44Astheroadtothewestwaspopularlyknownforitstradeofsilk,whichwaspricedasvaluableasgold,thatcommercialroutecametobeknownastheSilkRoad.第43頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)44Astheroadtothewestwas45Ⅱ.RoutesoftheSilkRoadGenerallyspeaking,thereweretwomajorroutes:onewasoverland,theotherwasacrosstheIndianOcean.第44頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)45Ⅱ.RoutesoftheSilkRoadGen46

Thesearouteof“SilkRoad”normallystartsfromGuangxiorelseporttownsonthesoutheasterncoastofChina.AfleetextendsitsvoyagethroughtheseaofJapan,theYellowSea,SouthChinaSea,theBayofBengal（孟加拉灣）,aroundtheMalayPeninsula,offthecoastofBurma,andcametoSoutheastAsiaandtheIndiaPeninsula.Then,itcontinuesalongarouteacrosstheIndianOcean,theArabSea,thePersianGulf(波斯灣),theRedseaandfinallyarrivesatdestinationportsofAfricaorEurope.第45頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)46Thesearouteof“SilkRo47GuangxitheseaofJapantheBayofBengaltheIndiaPeninsulathePersianGulf第46頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)47Guangxi第46頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)48

Withthedevelopmentofseamanshipandnavigation,particularlyafterZhenghesuccessfullysailedtotheWest,asearoutetotheWesttooktheplaceofthesilkroadoverland.第47頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)48Withthedevelopmentofs49

Thesilkroad,whichismentionedtoday,refersexclusivelytotheoverlandroute.Thereasonissimple:searoutemainlyexportedporcelain(瓷器),thensilk,gunpowder,tea,importedspecies,pepper,cottonandothercommodities.第48頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)49Thesilkroad,whichism50

TheSilkRoadhadservedfortensofhundredsofyearsasthemainrouteofbusinessoverthecontinentsofAsia,EuropeandAfrica,anarteryofCommodityFlowandculturalexchangethatgaveimmenseimpetustotheriseofmajoreconomiesandcivilizationoftheworld.ItlinkedsuchancientcivilizationsasChina,India,Greece,Egypt,andBabylonia.Inasense,theSilkRoadwasnootherthanarouteofcultureandcivilization.Ⅲ.ThemeaningoftheSilkRoad第49頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)50TheSilkRoadhadserved51

Silkgarmentsisregardedascharacteristicofthearistocratic（貴族的、高貴的）andthegenteel（上流社會(huì)的）.Asanimportantvarietyoftheclothworld,undertheinfluenceofa“greenrevolution”,thetrendofreturningtonature,peoplefindsilktobeanidealchoiceforitshealth-keepingpropertiesofnaturalfiber.第50頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)51Silkgarmentsisregarded52Cloth

第51頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)52Cloth

第51頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)53scarf第52頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)53scarf第52頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)54Quiltcover第53頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)54Quiltcover第53頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)55Computerbag第54頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)55Computerbag第54頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)56handbag第55頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)56handbag第55頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)57Fan第56頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)57Fan第56頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)Thanksforyourattention

Thankyou第57頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)ThanksforyourattentionThan59Thankyou!

第58頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)59Thankyou!第58頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)60Unit7TheSilkRoad絲綢之路會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1Unit7TheSilkRoad絲綢之路PartII.CreativityandExchange第1頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)P(yáng)artII.CreativityandExchanUnit7TheSilkRoad

第2頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)Unit7TheSilkRoad 第2頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)WhatdoesTheSilkRoadreferto?63第3頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)WhatdoesTheSilkRoadreferIntroductionTheSilkRoadreferstotheancienttraderouteconnectingAsiaContinentandEuropeanContinent,usuallyitcanbeclassifiedintoNorthernSilkRoadontheland，SouthernSilkRoadonthelandandtheSilkRoadonthesea.第4頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)Introduction第4頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)IntroductionTheNorthernSilkRoadonthelandusuallyreferstotheroutesstartfromChang’an(nowXi’an),travellingwesttoWuwei,passingthoughHexiCorridortoDunhuangandgowesttoEurope.第5頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)Introduction第5頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)IntroductionTheSouthernSilkRoadonthelandusuallyreferstotheroutestartsfromSichuanProvinceandgosouthtoIndiaandBurma.ThisroadhasalsoplayedagreatroleinthewarbetweenChinaandJapan.第6頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)Introduction第6頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)IntroductionTheSilkRoadontheseamainlystartedfromGuangzhou,Quanzhou,Dengzhou,Yangzhou,andMingzhouports,thenitgoeseasttoKorea,Japan,southtoEast-southerncountriesandwesttoEuropeandAfrica.第7頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)Introduction第7頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)TheNorthernSilkRoadonthelandisthemostfamous,andWeknowitverywell.第8頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)第8頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)BeginningIt’sveryhardtosayexactlywhentheSilkRoadstarted.Manyincoherentsmallscaletraderouteshaveexistedlongago.TheycanbeconsideredastheearliestSilkRoadbeginningform.

第9頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)BeginningIt’sveryhardtosay70OriginatingfromChang’an(thepresent-dayXi’an),theroutetraversedShanxiProvince,thehexicorridorinGansuprovince,theTarimBasininXingjing,thePamirmountainregion,Afghanistan,Iran,IraqandSyria,endingatMediterranean.第10頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)11OriginatingfromChang’an(thTHESILKROADHanDynastyTheSilkRoadformallystartedafterZhangQian’svisitingasanenvoytoWesternRegioninWesternHanDynasty.Hewenttheretwiceseparatelyin138B.Cand119B.C.HeplaysanimportantroleinexploringtheSilkRoad.第11頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)THESILKROADHanDynastyThe72(164BC~114BC)Anexplorer,traveleranddiplomatinHandynasty.第12頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)13(164BC~114BC)Anexplorer,trWhysentZhangQian?73第13頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)WhysentZhangQian?14第13頁(yè)/共574TheancientSilkRoadinnorthwestChinahasahistoryofmorethantwothousandyears.Originally,theChinesetradedsilkinternallywithintheempire.Caravans旅行隊(duì)fromtheempire'sinteriorwouldcarrysilktothewesternedgesoftheregion.TheywereoftenattackedbythesmallCentralAsiantribeswhowantedtocapturethetraders'valuablecommodities.TrailBlazerofTHESILKROAD第14頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)15TheancientSilkRoadinnor75TheexpansionoftheHanempiremadetheSilkroadpossiblebyopeninguptraderoutes.Inordertoprotectthesecaravansandassurethesafetyofthetrade,theHanGovernmentdispatchedGeneralZhangQianasanenvoytobuildgoodrelationshipswiththesetribes.TrailBlazerofTHESILKROAD第15頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)16TheexpansionoftheHanempZhangQianwassenttomakeanalliancewiththeHuns,whichwasneversuccessful.Hedidhoweverlearnaboutcropssuchasgrapes,amorepowerfulhorseforcombat,andestablishedtraderelationships.ThefatheroftheSilkRoadZhangQian---fatherofSilkRoad第16頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)ZhangQianwassenttomakean77THESILKROADHanDynastyStartingfromChang’an,today'sXi’an,whichwasthecapitaloftheWesternHanDynasty,ZhangledhisteamacrossthevastWesternRegionsandreachedLoulan,GuiziandYutianstatesandestablishedtraderelationswiththesesmallkingdoms.第17頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)18THESILKROADHanDynastyStTHESILKROADHanDynastyAfterZhangQian,BanChaotookonamissiontotheWesternRegion,smoothingtheSilkRoadthathadbeenblockedbyexternalwars.HisassistantGanYingreachedDaqin(ancientRome)andevenwenttoPersianGulf,extendedtheSilkRoad.第18頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)THESILKROADHanDynastyAfte79THESILKROADLoulan,GuiziandYutianwerethreeimportantstatesintheWesternRegionatthattime.Theywereallabandonedforuncertainreasonsandtravelerstodaycanseeruinsofthesethreeonceflourishingplaces.第19頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)20THESILKROADLoulan,Guizi80THESILKROADZhang’sofficerswentevenfurtherintothecentralAsia.AllofthekingdomsthatZhangandhisteamhadvisitedsenttheirenvoystovisitChang’an

(today’sXi’an)toexpresstheirappreciationforthenewrelationshipandshowtheirrespecttotheHanGovernment.第20頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)21THESILKROADZhang’soffice81THESILKROADFromthenon,merchantscouldtravelonthesilkroutesafely,andtheybegantoexplorethisnewrouteinordertocarrysilkfromChinatootherpartsoftheworld.第21頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)22THESILKROADFromthenon,Silkwasavaluabletradegoodbecauseitwasacloththatwasstrong,warm,light,andsoft.ItwasvaluablebecauseatthetimeonlytheChineseknewhowtomakeit.UnderHanrulerevealingthesilkmakingprocesswaspunishablebydeath.Silkasatradegood第22頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)SilkwasavaluabletradegoodWhatdidtheSilkRoadfunctioninthepast?83---Traderoute---AbridagethatlinkedAncientChinatotheoutsideworld----…第23頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)WhatdidtheSilkRoadfunctioTheSilkRoadwasoneofthereasonstheHandynastyprosperedwithanetworkofsmallertraderoutesthatstretchedmorethanfourthousandmiles.TheRomanempiredominatedtheMediterranean,butthesilkroadconnectedbothpowerfulempiresandlinkedthepeopleoftheeastandthewestforoverathousandyears.TheSilkRoad第24頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)TheSilkRoadwasoneoftherWhenpeopleofotherculturelearnedaboutsilk,itwasahighlyprizedmaterial.Theromanwantedsilkanditwasconsideredluxuryitem.TheRomantradedglasswareandgoldsomethingtheChinesereallywanted.Rometradesglasswareforsilk第25頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)WhenpeopleofotherculturelTangDynastyTheTangDynastygovernmentpaidmoreattentiontotheSilkRoad.UnliketheSilkRoadinHanDynasty,TangDynastyhadcontroloversomeareasofWesternRegionandCentralAsiaalongtheroad,establishingeffectiveandsturdyorders,whichclearedobstaclesforChinesebusinessmen.第26頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)TangDynastyTheTangDynastyg87THESILKROADThefamousChineseMonkXuanzanginTangDynastytraveledalongtheSilkRoadduringtheTangDynasty.第27頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)28THESILKROADThefamousChin88THESILKROADThefamousChineseMonkXuanzanginTangDynastytraveledalongtheSilkRoadduringtheTangDynasty.XuanzangbeganhistripfromChang’an(today'sXi’an)andpassedthroughtheGanSuCorridor,HaMi,TurPanandcontinuedhisjourneywestwardtoIndia.Xuanzangwassurprisedbythewarmreceptionhereceivedalonghisway.第28頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)29THESILKROADThefamousChin89THESILKROADItwascommonlybelievedthatpeopleinthosestateswerebrutal,wildanduncontrollable.Xuangzang'stripchangedtheattitudetowardthenomadictribesintheWesternRegionandthiscontributedgreatlytotheTanggovernment'sfriendlyrelationshipwiththesestates.第29頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)30THESILKROADItwascommonlyTangDynastyAfterAnShiRebellioninTangDynasty,theempirefelldown.By760AD,theTangGovernmenthadlostcontroloftheWesternRegionandthetradeontheSilkRoadwashalted.第30頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)TangDynastyAfterAnShiRebelYuanDynastyThesilkroadonthelandrevivedgreatlyduringYuanDynastyperiodwhenChinabecamelargelydependentonitssilktrade.GenghisKhanconqueredallthesmallstates,unifiedChinaandbuiltalargeempireunderhisrule.

第31頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)YuanDynastyThesilkroadont92THESILKROADYuanDynastyTradealongtheSilkRoadreacheditszenithduringthisperiod.ThefamoustravelerMarcoPolotraveledalongtheSilkRoadvisitingDaDuthatistoday'sBeijingandwrotehisfamousbookabouttheorientandintroducedChinatowesterncountriessystematically.第32頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)33THESILKROADYuanDynastyTra93THESILKROADAsoverlandtradebecameincreasinglydangerous,andtravelbyseabecamemorepopular,tradealongtheSilkRoaddeclined.WhiletheChinesedidmaintainasilk-furtradewiththeRussiansnorthoftheoriginalSilkRoute.第33頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)34THESILKROADAsoverlandtraDeclinationBytheendofthefourteenthcentury,tradeandtravelalongtheroadhaddecreasedsignificantly.GraduallyitwasreplacedbytheSilkRoadonthesea.第34頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)DeclinationBytheendofthef95THESILKROADTheSilkRoadwasdefinitelyanimportantpathforcultural,commercialandtechnologicalexchangebetweentraders,merchants,pilgrim,missionariesevensoldiers.Duringmorethan2000years,theroadimprovedthetransferfromnomadstourbandwellersacrosstheAsiancontinenteventhecountriesborderinguponMediterranean.第35頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)36THESILKROADTheSilkRoadwInfluenceTheSilkRoadgreatlypromotedtheexchangesofeconomy,technologyandcultureamongtheAsian,theEuropeanandtheAfrican.itmadethewholeworldcolorful.第36頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)InfluenceTheSilkRoadgreatlyTheSilkroadwasnotonecontinuousroute,butaseriesofshortertraderoutessothegoodscouldchangemanytimebeforereachingthefinaldestination.FromLuoyang,thesilkroadledwestalongtheGobiDeserttoDunhuanginNorthwesternChina.TravelersrodeaCamelontheeasternsilkroad.FromDunhuangtravelerschooseeitheranorthernorsouthernrouteacrosstheTaklimandeserttoKashgar.Travelersfacedmanyproblemssuchasbanditsoftenattacking,sandstorms,andlackofwater.TheEasternSilkRoad第37頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)TheSilkroadwasnotonecontSilkwastheperfecttradinggood,becauseitwaslightandvaluable.Goodshadtobeeasilycarriedsothatmerchantscouldtransportmoregoodsonfeweranimals.Besidessilk,theChinesealsotradedfinedishware,ornaments,jewelry,castironproducts,anddecorativeboxes.TheChinesereceivedavarietyoftradesfortheirgoodssuchashorses,jade,furs,gold,cotton,spices,pearls,andivory.Goodsexchangedalongtheeasternsilkroad第38頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)SilkwastheperfecttradinggKashgarwasthecentraltradingpointandtheytraveledWestward.InsteadofcarryinggoodsbycameltheycarriedgoodsbyYak.TheWesternSilkroadwentthroughmountains,deserts,andthenfinallyreachedtheMediterraneanports.ThedangersoftheWesternSilkroadweretreacherousMountainsknowas“Trailofbones.”IntheSyrianDeserttraderswerethreatenedbytigers,lions,andscorpions.TheWesternSilkRoad第39頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)KashgarwasthecentraltradiRomesentanumberofproductstobeexchangedforChinesesilksuchasvases,trays,smallbottles,asbestos,andgold.TiberiustheemperorofRomepassedalawwhereitwasillegaltowearsilk.ItwasbelievedthatTiberiusthoughitwouldmaketheRomanslooksoftandweak,butmanybelieveditwasbecauseoftheshortageofgold.Goodsexcahngedalongthewesternsilkroad第40頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)RomesentanumberofproductsThetradebetweeneastandwestcreatedculturaldiffusion.WiththesharingofculturessuchasIndia,Buddhismspreadthroughoutchinaandothersurroundingcivilizations.Foodwerealsobroughtthroughoutthesilkroad.Chinaimportednewfoodsuchasgrapes,figs,pomegranates,andwalnuts.TheWestimportedoranges,peaches,pears,anddifferentflowerssuchaschrysanthemums.CulturalExchangesandtheSilkRoad第41頁(yè)/共59頁(yè)Thetradebetweeneastandwes102THESILKROADTheemergenceoftheSilkRoadvigorouslypromotedtheEast-Westeconomic,culturalexchanges,an