2022年上海市嘉定區(qū)題庫建設高三英語模擬試卷（3）（含答案）

第24頁/共24頁嘉定區(qū)題庫建設高三英語模擬試卷(3)II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Turningtoofficelife,AIcanhelpwithcomplexanddemandingtaskslikemanagingsupplychains,allocatingdeskspaceandkeepingrecordsofmeetings.Allthiscanfreeuptimeforpeopletoworkonmoreimportantstrategicdecisions.AIcouldhelpcollaboration____1____companies.Oneobviousexampleistheeliminationoflanguagebarriers.Multinationalcompaniesmayhaveemployeeswholackacommonlanguage;AIcanhandletranslationinrealtimesothatdialogueiseasier.AndAIcanproducebetterdecision-makingbyofferingacontrarianopinionsothatteamscanavoidthedangerofgroupthink.Aprogram____2____analyzee-mailsandmeetingtranscriptsandissuealertswhenpotentiallyfalseassumptions____3____(make)(ratherliketheboyintheHansChristianAndersentalewhonoticesthattheEmperorhasnoclothes).Oritcanwarnateamwhenitisgetting____4____(distract)fromthetaskinhand.Whenafirmisstartinganewproject,AIcanalsosuggestexpertsfromotherpartsoftheorganizationwhocouldcontribute.Inrecruitment,managerscouldsetcriteriafor“cognitivediversity”(seekingpeoplewithdifferentacademicandculturalbackgrounds)whenconductingajobsearchandallowAItosuggestcandidates.Thiscouldeliminateremaininghiringbiases____5____whitemales.HelenPoitevinofGartner,aresearchcompany,saysthatsomefirmsareusingAItosuggesttrainingpossibilitiesto____6____(exist)workers,basedonthecareerpathsofsimilarstaff,asanaidtotheircareerdevelopment.Andprogramsarealsobeingusedtoanalyzeindividualemployees’feedbackAIsothatmanagerscanbeawareofspecificareas____7____alotofpeopleareunhappy.Iftheyreactintherightway,thisshouldmakeworkers’livesbetter,allofwhichisausefulcorrectivetosomeofthemorealarmingpredictionsaboutthepotentialeffectsofAI.Butas____8____,itneedstoberememberedthatprogramsareonlyasgoodasthedatatheyaregiven.Ifthosewhoinputthedatahavebiases,theymayshowupinthesuggestionsthat____9____generates.AsMsPoitevinsays,AIcanhelpimprovediversityintheworkforce“ifwewantitto”.The____10____employersshouldbeabletoturnAIintoapositiveforworkers.【答案】1.within2.could3.arebeingmade4.distracted5.infavorof6.existing7.where8.ever9.it10.best【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了如果一個公司能夠利用好人工智能，會解決公司內(nèi)部的很多問題，比如跨國公司的交流問題等?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：人工智能可以幫助公司內(nèi)部的合作。根據(jù)下文“Multinationalcompaniesmayhaveemployeeswholackacommonlanguage”可知，AI可以幫助公司內(nèi)部的合作，所以空處需要介詞within“在……內(nèi)部”，和后面的名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句中作狀語。故填within。

【2題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：一個程序可以分析電子郵件和會議記錄，并在做出可能的錯誤假設時發(fā)出警報（就像漢斯·克里斯蒂安·安徒生故事中的男孩注意到皇帝沒有衣服）。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處的動詞原形在句中作謂語，所以空處為情態(tài)動詞。根據(jù)句意可知，這個程序具備分析電子郵件和會議記錄的能力，用情態(tài)動詞could，表示具備某種能力。故填could。【3題詳解】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：一個程序可以分析電子郵件和會議記錄，并在做出可能的錯誤假設時發(fā)出警報（就像漢斯·克里斯蒂安·安徒生故事中的男孩注意到皇帝沒有衣服）。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為when引導的時間狀語從句的謂語部分，根據(jù)語境可知，時間狀語從句中為現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)，表示這個錯誤的假設正在進行時，會發(fā)出報警信號。而句子的主語和謂語動詞之間為被動關(guān)系。綜上所述，句子為現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，主語為復數(shù)。故填arebeingmade?！?題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：或者它可以在團隊分心于手頭的任務時發(fā)出警告。get在句中為系動詞，后面形容詞作表語。getdistracted“分心”。故填distracted。【5題詳解】考查固定短語。句意：這可以消除仍然存在的偏向白人男性的雇傭偏見。根據(jù)“eliminateremaininghiringbiases”可知，這樣做可以消除偏向白人男性的雇傭偏見。infavorof“對……有利”。故填infavorof?！?題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：研究公司Gartner的海倫·波特文表示，一些公司正在利用人工智能，根據(jù)類似員工的職業(yè)道路，向現(xiàn)有員工建議培訓的可能性，以幫助他們的職業(yè)發(fā)展。修飾后面的名詞用形容詞existing，作定語。故填existing?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：此外，程序還被用于分析員工個人的反饋人工智能，以便管理者能夠意識到許多人不滿意的具體領域。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導定語從句修飾先行詞areas，先行詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導。故填where?！?題詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：但與以往一樣，需要記住是，程序只與提供的數(shù)據(jù)一樣好。asever“像往常一樣”。故填ever。【9題詳解】考查代詞。句意：如果輸入數(shù)據(jù)的人有偏見，他們可能會出現(xiàn)在數(shù)據(jù)生成的建議中。根據(jù)句意可知，空處在that從句中作主語，指代前面的thedata，所以it，指代前文出現(xiàn)同一事物。故填it?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞的最高級。句意：最好的雇主應該能夠?qū)⑷斯ぶ悄茏兂蓪と擞欣囊幻?。根?jù)空前的定冠詞the以及句意可知，最好的雇主能夠充分利用人工智能。所以空處需要best，為good的最高級，表示“最好的”。故填best。SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordgiveninthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonemorewordthanyouneed.A.whateverB.prepareC.poseD.rushE.independenceF.typicalG.freshly-madeH.occasionalI.wentJ.clockedK.hands-onTakingLessonsFromHardWorkAttheCoolBeansCafé,adollarbuysateacherorschoolstaffmembera____11____cupofhotcoffee,teaorcocoa,andgetsitdeliveredtotheirdoor.ThatdollaralsohasabigbenefitfortheseventhgradestudentswithspecialneedswhorunthecaféatPoquosonMiddleSchool.Theygetexperiencewithjobskillsandsocialinteractionsoutsidea____12____classroomenvironment.WhentheteacherHeatherHopkinsstartedthecafé,shewasgivingthestudentssome____13____experienceofthejob.Now,sheoffers____14____instructionsandthefivestudentsallhaveaspecificjob.Teachersorderonlineinadvance,andJakeMann,thesupplymanager,takesthecoffeeandputsittogetherwithapapercup,lidanddrinksleevewiththefullorderonit.BradenJobst,thebarista(咖啡師),oftenhandlesseveralordersatatime.AlexSarber,theassistantbarista,addsthesugar,milk,or____15____elsethecustomerwants.ThefinisheddrinksaredeliveredbydriverJ.J.Shibuya.JasmineBaker,thecashier,goesonthedeliverieswithJ.J.andcollectsmoneyandtipsfromthecustomers.Hopkinsstartedthecoffeeshopprogramthisschoolyearwith$1,600thatwasgivenbytheVirginiaDepartmentofEducation.Themoneywasofferedtogivethestudentsanopportunitytopractice____16____.OneofHopkins’maingoalsisto____17____thestudentsforlifeafterschool.Thestudentshadtoapplytoworkintheshop,andtheychangejobseverymonthandhavetoapplyagain.Nextyear,shewantstointroduceideassuchasgivingstaffasalaryandaskingthemtopayrent,sotheycanmaketheconnectionbetweendoingajobandhowapersonlives.Eventhoughtheshoprunslikeabusiness,there’realotofopportunitiestohavefunatthesametime.Jakelikesto____18____forphotoandhavefunwithhisco-workers.AsAlexaddedcreamandsugartoadrink,heandHopkinsjokedaboutacustomerhavingacomplicatedorderthathedidn’twanttomessup.Thestudentstakeprideintheirworkandhaveshowedofftheiroperationataschoolboardmeeting.Alongwiththepositiveexperienceofrunningtheshop,thebusinesssupportssomefunactivitiesforthestudents.Whilethecoffeepurchasesgoforwardbuyingsupplies,thetipspayforfieldtrips.Thisyear,thestudentstookatriptothemoviesandalsowentfordinneratarestaurant.Afterthemainservice____19____,thestaffmadeanddeliveredtheirlastcupofcoffee.Theyknewtowaittomakethisorderbecausethecafeteriaworkerwhowouldbedrinkingitdidn’tcomeintoworkuntillaterinthemorning.Afterthatfinalcupwassentout,thestudents_____20_____outandputeverythingawaybeforesittingattheirdesks,relaxingafteranothersuccessfulday.【答案】11.G12.F13.K14.H15.A16.E17.B18.C19.D20.J【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。這篇文章介紹的是一隊學生通過運營咖啡店來獲得工作技能和社交的經(jīng)驗，這個項目由弗吉尼亞教育部提供一部分資金以為學生創(chuàng)造機會去鍛煉自我決定的能力和獨立能力?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：在CoolBeansCafé，一美元可以為教師或?qū)W校工作人員購買一杯剛煮好的熱咖啡、茶或可可，然后送到他們家門口。形容詞freshly-made(新鮮制作的)符合句意，作定語，修飾名詞cup。故選G項?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他們在典型的課堂環(huán)境之外獲得工作技能和社交互動的經(jīng)驗。形容詞typical(典型的)符合句意，作定語，修飾名詞短語classroomenvironment。故選F項?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：當老師希瑟·霍普金斯（HeatherHopkins）創(chuàng)辦咖啡館時，她正在給學生們一些關(guān)于這項工作的親身體驗。形容詞hands-on(親身實踐的、實際操作的)符合句意，作定語，修飾名詞experience。故選K項?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：現(xiàn)在，她提供偶爾指導，五名學生都有一份特定的工作。形容詞occasional(偶爾的)符合句意，作定語，修飾名詞instructions。故選H項。【15題詳解】考查賓語從句連接詞。句意：助理咖啡師亞歷克斯·薩伯（AlexSarber）添加糖、牛奶或顧客想要的任何其他東西。動詞add后接三個賓語（thesugar,milk,or…），該空引導賓語從句，意為“任何事物”，whatever(任何事物)符合句意。故選A項?！?6題詳解】考查名詞。句意：這筆錢是為了給學生們一個實踐獨立的機會。名詞independence(獨立)符合句意，作賓語。故選E項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞原形。句意：霍普金斯的主要目標之一是讓學生為放學后的生活做好準備。動詞prepare(準備)符合句意，該空用動詞原形形式和前面的to構(gòu)成不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。故選B項?！?8題詳解】考查動詞原形。句意：杰克喜歡擺姿勢拍照，和同事們玩得很開心。動詞pose(（為畫像、拍照等擺的）姿勢)符合句意，該空用動詞原形形式和前面的to構(gòu)成不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，liketodosth.(喜歡做某事)。故選C項。【19題詳解】考查名詞。句意：在主要服務高峰之后，工作人員制作并交付了最后一杯咖啡。名詞rush(高峰期)符合句意，作主語。故選D項?！?0題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：最后一杯飲料發(fā)出后，學生們打卡下班，把所有東西都放好，然后坐在桌子前，在又一個成功的一天后放松一下。結(jié)合從句謂語wassentout用一般過去時可知，主句謂語動詞短語clockout(打卡下班)用一般過去時，clocked符合句意，故選J項。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.HowtoLearntoLovetoPracticeIninterviews,famouspeopleoftensaythatthekeytobecomingbothhappyandsuccessfulisto“dowhatyoulove.”But____21____askill,evenonethatyoudeeplylove,callsforplentyofdrills.Anychallengingactivity—fromcomputerprogrammingtoplayingamusicalinstrumenttoathletics—requires____22____practice.Aperfectgolfswingorflawlessbutterflystroke(蝶泳)takescountlesshoursofpracticeandrepetitionstoperfect.Anyonewhowantstohaveagoodcommandofaskillmustgothroughthe____23____ofpractice,criticalfeedback,modification,andincreasingimprovementagain,again,andagain.Somepeopleseemabletoconcentrateonpracticinganactivitylikethisforyearsandtake____24____intheirgradualimprovement.Yetothersfindthiskindoffocused,time-intensiveworktobe____25____orboring.Why?The____26____maydependontheabilitytoenterintoastateof“flow,”thefeelingofbeingcompletelyinvolvedinwhatyouaredoing.Flowstatescanhappeninthecourseofanyactivity,whichisatanappropriateskilllevel,andwheretheindividualisableto____27____theirperformancetoclearandimmediatefeedback.Csikszentmihalyi,afamouspsychologist,suggestedthatthosewhomost____28____enteredintoflowstateshadan“autotelicpersonality”—atendencytoseekoutchallengesandgetintoastateofflow.Whilethosewithoutsuchapersonalityseedifficulties,autotelicindividualsseeopportunitiestobuildskillsandtheyhavelowlevelsofself-centeredness.Suchpeople,withtheirabilitytofocusontasksratherthanrewardshaveagreat____29____overothersindevelopingtheirinnate(天生的)abilities.Buthowcanwegetintoaflowstateforanactivitysothatweenjoyboththeprocessofimprovingskillsandthe____30____ofbeingamaster?____31____forthoseofuswhodon’tnecessarilypossessanautotelicpersonality,thereisevidencethatflowstatescanbe____32____byenvironmentalfactors.Forinstance,inMontessorischools,studentsdonotstudybyfollowingdirectinstruction.____33____,theyareencouragedtodevelopandpursueindividualinterests.Competitionis____34____andgradingisnotemphasized.Studentsaregroupedtogetheraccordingtosharedinterests,ratherthansegregatedbyability.Whilethereisn’tyetapillthatcanturndullpracticeintoanexcitingactivityforanyone,itiscomfortingthatweseemtobeabletoadvanceintoflowstates.Bygivingourselvesunstructured,open-endedtime,minimumdistractions,andatasksetatamoderatelevelof____35____,wemaybeabletolovewhatwe’redoingwhileweputinthehardworkpracticingthethingswelovedoing.21.A.functioning B.stimulating C.enriching D.mastering22.A.fixed B.concentrated C.paralleled D.instructed23.A.transformation B.substitute C.cycle D.condition24.A.pleasure B.pride C.interest D.part25.A.frustrating B.rewarding C.ignorant D.poisonous26.A.objection B.standard C.principle D.difference27.A.adjust B.devote C.apply D.expose28.A.deliberately B.readily C.hesitantly D.flexibly29.A.feature B.control C.advantage D.sympathy30A.reward B.jealousy C.security D.contribution31.A.Unexpectedly B.Fortunately C.Typically D.Obviously32.A.influenced B.favored C.cultivated D.underestimated33.A.Otherwise B.Therefore C.Furthermore D.Instead34.A.advocated B.suspended C.discouraged D.observed35.A.priority B.difficulty C.curiosity D.identity【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.A26.D27.A28.B29.C30.A31.B32.C33.D34.C35.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了心流狀態(tài)特點和容易進入心流狀態(tài)的人的特點，以及有證據(jù)表明環(huán)境因素可以培養(yǎng)心流狀態(tài)?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但掌握一項技能，即使是你深愛的技能，也需要大量的練習。A.functioning運轉(zhuǎn)；B.stimulating刺激；C.enriching使豐富；D.mastering掌握。分析句意再根據(jù)空格后的askill可知，此處用mstering作主語，表示“掌握”一項技能，符合語境。故選D項?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：任何具有挑戰(zhàn)性的活動——從計算機編程到演奏樂器再到運動——都需要集中精力練習。A.fixed固定的；B.concentrated全神貫注的；C.paralleled平行的；D.instructed受教育的。根據(jù)下文“Aperfectgolfswingorflawlessbutterflystroke(蝶泳)takescountlesshoursofpracticeandrepetitionstoperfect.(一個完美的高爾夫揮桿或完美的蝶泳需要無數(shù)小時的練習和重復來完美。)”可知，此處用concentrated表示“全神貫注的”練習，與下文呼應，符合語境。故選B項。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：任何想要掌握一項技能的人都必須經(jīng)歷練習、批判性反饋、修改和不斷提高的循環(huán)，一遍又一遍。A.transformation轉(zhuǎn)變；B.substitute替代物；C.cycle循環(huán)；D.condition條件。根據(jù)下文的again,again,andagain可知，此處用cycle表示一遍又一遍的“循環(huán)”符合語境。故選C項。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有些人似乎能夠多年專注于練習一項活動，并為自己的逐漸進步感到高興。A.pleasure快樂；B.pride自豪；C.interest興趣；D.part部分。分析句意再根據(jù)下文的gradualimprovement可知，此處用pleasure表示對逐漸進步感到“高興”符合語境。故選A項。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但也有人覺得這種集中精力、耗費時間的工作令人沮喪或無聊。A.frustrating令人沮喪的；B.rewarding值得的；C.ignorant無知的；D.poisonous有毒的。分析句意再根據(jù)空格后的orboring可知，此處用frustrating和boring相呼應，表示“令人沮喪的”符合語境。故選A項。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這種差異可能取決于進入“心流”狀態(tài)的能力，即完全投入到所做事情中的感覺。A.objection反對；B.standard標準；C.principle原則；D.difference差異。根據(jù)下文“maydependontheabilitytoenterintoastateof“flow,”(可能取決于進入“心流”狀態(tài)的能力)”可知，此處用difference表示“差異”取決于這種能力，符合語境。故選D項?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：心流狀態(tài)可以發(fā)生在任何活動的過程中，這是在適當?shù)募寄芩缴?，并且個體能夠調(diào)整自己的表現(xiàn)以獲得清晰和即時的反饋。A.adjust調(diào)整；B.devote獻身；C.apply申請；D.expose暴露。分析句意再根據(jù)下文的to可知，此處用固定短語adjustto表示“調(diào)整以適應”符合語境。故選A項。【28題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：著名心理學家Csikszentmihalyi認為，那些最容易進入心流狀態(tài)的人有一種“自我人格”，即尋求挑戰(zhàn)并進入心流狀態(tài)的傾向。A.deliberately故意地；B.readily容易地、樂意地；C.hesitantly猶豫地；D.flexibly靈活地。根據(jù)下文“hadan“autotelicpersonality”—atendencytoseekoutchallengesandgetintoastateofflow.(有“自我人格”——傾向于尋求挑戰(zhàn)并進入心流狀態(tài)。)”可知，此處用readily表示“容易”進入心流狀態(tài)的人具有這種“自我人格”，符合語境。故選B項。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這樣的人，他們專注于任務而不是獎勵的能力，在發(fā)展他們的先天能力方面比其他人有很大的優(yōu)勢。A.feature特點；B.control控制；C.advantage優(yōu)勢；D.sympathy同情。分析句意再根據(jù)空格后的over可知，此處用advantage表示比發(fā)展他們的先天能力方面更有“優(yōu)勢”，符合語境。故選C項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但我們?nèi)绾尾拍茉谝豁椈顒又羞M入心流狀態(tài)，從而既享受提高技能的過程，又享受成為大師的獎勵呢?A.reward獎勵、回報；B.jealousy嫉妒；C.security安全；D.contribution貢獻。分析句意再根據(jù)空格后的beingamaster可知，成為大師本身就應該是一種獎勵，所以此處用reward表示“獎勵”符合語境。故選A項?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：幸運的是，對于我們這些不一定擁有自主人格的人來說，有證據(jù)表明心流狀態(tài)可以由環(huán)境因素培養(yǎng)。A.Unexpectedly出乎意料地；B.Fortunately幸運地；C.Typically典型地；D.Obviously明顯地。根據(jù)下文“forthoseofuswhodon’tnecessarilypossessanautotelicpersonality,thereisevidencethatflowstatescanbebyenvironmentalfactors.(對于我們這些不一定擁有自主人格的人來說，有證據(jù)表明心流狀態(tài)可以由環(huán)境因素……)”可知，這種情況對于我們不一定擁有自主人格的人來說是幸運的，所以此處用Fortunately表示“幸運地”符合語境。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.influenced影響；B.favored偏愛；C.cultivated培養(yǎng)；D.underestimated低估。根據(jù)下文“theyareencouragedtodevelopandpursueindividualinterests(鼓勵他們發(fā)展和追求個人興趣)”可知，心流狀態(tài)是可以通過環(huán)境因素被培養(yǎng)的，所以此處用cultivated與后面的by搭配，表示可以被“培養(yǎng)”符合語境。故選C項?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，他們被鼓勵發(fā)展和追求個人興趣。A.Otherwise否則；B.Therefore因此；C.Furthermore此外、而且；D.Instead代替、反而。根據(jù)上文“studentsdonotstudybyfollowingdirectinstruction(學生不是按照直接的指導學習的)”和下文“theyareencouragedtodevelopandpursueindividualinterests(鼓勵他們發(fā)展和追求個人興趣)”可知，此處上下文之間是相反關(guān)系，所以用Instead表示“相反”符合語境。故選D項。【34題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：學校不鼓勵競爭，不強調(diào)評分。A.advocated提倡；B.suspended暫停；C.discouraged不鼓勵、使泄氣；D.observed觀察。根據(jù)下文“gradingisnotemphasized(不強調(diào)評分)”可知，此處用discouraged表示競爭是“不被鼓勵的”符合語境。故選C項?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：通過給自己自由安排的、開放的時間、最少的干擾和中等難度的任務設置，我們可能會在努力練習我們喜歡做的事情的同時愛上我們正在做的事情。A.priority優(yōu)先權(quán)；B.difficulty困難；C.curiosity好奇心；D.identity身份。根據(jù)上文“Bygivingourselvesunstructured,open-endedtime,minimumdistractions,(通過給自己自由的、開放的時間，減少干擾，)”可知，此處用moderatelevelofdifficulty表示設置“中等難度”任務，與上文呼應，符合語境。故選B項。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AWhyaresomanypeoplesoafraidoffailure?Quitesimplybecausenoonetellsushowtofailsothatfailurebecomesanexperiencethatwillleadtogrowth.Weforgetthatfailureispartofthehumanconditionandthateverypersonhastherighttofail.Mostparentsworkhardateitherpreventingfailureorprotectingtheirchildrenfromtheknowledgethattheyhavefailed.Onewayistolowerstandards.Amotherdescribesherchild’shurriedly-madetableas“Perfect!”eventhoughitdoesn’tstandstill.Anotherwayistoshiftblame.IfJohnfailsscience,histeacherisunfairorstupid.Thetroublewithfailure-preventionmethodsisthattheyleaveachildunequippedforlifeintherealworld.Theyoungneedtolearnthatnoonecanbebestateverything,noonecanwinallthetimeandthatit’spossibletoenjoyagameevenwhenwedon’twin.Achildwho’snotinvitedtoabirthdayparty,whodoesn’tmakethehonorrollonthebaseballteam,feelsterrible,ofcourse.Butparentsshouldnotofferaquickconsolation(慰藉),prizeorsay,“Itdoesn’tmatter,”becauseitdoes.Theyoungshouldbeallowedtoexperiencedisappointment—andbehelpedtomasterit.Failureisneverpleasant.Ithurtsgrown-upsandchildrenalike.Butitcanmakeapositivecontributiontoyourlifeonceyoulearntouseit.Steponeistoask“WhydidIfail?”Resistthenaturalimpulse(沖動)toblamesomeoneelse.Askyourselfwhatyoudidwrongandhowyoucanimprove.Ifsomeoneelsecanhelp,don’tbeshyaboutasking.Success,whichencouragesrepetitionofoldbehavior,isnotnearlyasgoodateacherasfailure.Youcanlearnfromadisastrouspartyhowtogiveagoodone,fromanill-chosenfirsthousewhattolookforinasecond.Evenafailurethatseemstotalcanstimulatefreshthinking,achangeofdirection.After12yearsofstudyingballet,afriendofminewentforaprofessionalcompany.Shewasturneddown.“Wouldfurthertraininghelp”sheasked.Theballetmastershookhishead.“Youwillneverbeadancer”,hesaid,“Youhaven’tthebodyforit.”Insuchcases,thewaytousefailureistotakestockof(估量)thesituationcourageously,asking,“WhathaveIleft?WhatelsecanIdo?”Myfriendputawayhertoeshoesandmovedintodancetherapy,afieldwhereshe’sbothableanduseful.Failurefreesonetotakerisksbecausethere’slesstolose.Oftenthereisrecoveryofenergy—awaytofindnewpossibilities.36.Accordingtothepassage,howdoesapersonusuallycoverhisfailureup?A.Herefusestoacknowledgethatfailurewilleventuallyleadtogrowth.B.He’dratherpraisethanstatethefactdespiteanyapparentdeficiency.C.Hetriesallthepossiblemeanstohidethetruthfrombeingrevealed.D.Hewilltakeeveryopportunitytopronouncehisnaturalrighttofail.37.Whatcouldbemeantbytheunderlined“make”?A.produce B.become C.achieve D.draw38.What’stheauthor’sassessmentoffailurevssuccess?A.Comparativelyspeaking,successisamuchbetterteacher.B.Failureteacheshumansasmuchassuccess,ifnotanyless.C.Everyonefailsnowandthen,buttheymaynotsucceedatall.D.Successarousesfreshthinking,thusleadingtofurthersuccess.39.Bytheexampleoftheballetstudent,theauthortellsus________.A.Itisnaturalforafailuretoshiftblameontoothers.B.Failureenablessomeonetorethinktheirpotential.C.Successpavesthewaytofindnewpossibilities.D.Infailureliesrecoverywhereonehaslesstolose.【答案】36.B37.C38.C39.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇議論文。主要討論了每個人都會時不時地失敗，以及我們應該如何正確地面對失敗?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Mostparentsworkhardateitherpreventingfailureorprotectingtheirchildrenfromtheknowledgethattheyhavefailed.Onewayistolowerstandards.Amotherdescribesherchild’shurriedly-madetableas“Perfect!”eventhoughitdoesn’tstandstill.Anotherwayistoshiftblame.IfJohnfailsscience,histeacherisunfairorstupid.”（大多數(shù)父母要么努力防止失敗，要么保護孩子不讓他們知道自己失敗了。一種方法是降低標準。一位母親形容她的孩子匆忙做的桌子“完美！盡管它并不是站著穩(wěn)著的。另一種方法是推卸責任。如果約翰理科不及格，他的老師就是不公平或愚蠢的。）故可推知，根據(jù)文章，一個人盡管有明顯的缺陷，他寧愿贊揚而不愿陳述事實來掩蓋他的失敗。故選B項?！?7題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“Achildwho’snotinvitedtoabirthdayparty,whodoesn’t…feelsterrible,ofcourse.”（一個沒有被邀請參加生日聚會的孩子，一個沒有……，當然會感覺很糟糕。）故可猜測，此處make為“達到，成功進入”的意思，結(jié)合選項C項achieve“達到，實現(xiàn)”意思一致。故選C項?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theyoungneedtolearnthatnoonecanbebestateverything,noonecanwinallthetimeandthatit’spossibletoenjoyagameevenwhenwedon’twin.”（沒有人可以在所有事情上都是最好的，沒有人可以一直贏，即使我們沒有贏，也可以享受比賽。）故可推知，作者對失敗和成功的評價是每個人都會時不時地失敗，但他們可能根本不會成功。故選C項。【39題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Insuchcases,thewaytousefailureistotakestockofthesituationcourageously,asking,“WhathaveIleft?WhatelsecanIdo?”Myfriendputawayhertoeshoesandmovedintodancetherapy,afieldwhereshe’sbothableanduseful.Failurefreesonetotakerisksbecausethere’slesstolose.Oftenthereisrecoveryofenergy—awaytofindnewpossibilities.”（在這種情況下，利用失敗的方法是勇敢地評估情況，問自己：“我還剩下什么？”我還能做什么？”我的朋友收起了她的腳趾鞋，開始從事舞蹈治療，這是一個她既能干又有用的領域。失敗讓人敢于冒險，因為可以失去的東西更少。通常會有能量的恢復——一種尋找新可能性的方法。）可知，通過芭蕾舞學生的例子，作者告訴我們失敗能讓人重新思考自己的潛力。故選B項。BDon’tmissout—30%offgarageparkingatDullesInternationalAirport(DIA)reagan-dullesairport@mw…DULLESIINTERNATIONALHAPPEYHOLIDAYS30%OFFGarageParkingatDullesInternationalDULLESINTERNATIONALHolidaySpecialOfferThisholidayseasonDullesInternationalAirportisoffering30%offdailygarageparkingrateonselectdatesfortravelersstaying4daysormore.ClickheretodownloadcouponQRCodeisrequiredandtermsandconditionsapply.Redeemthisspecialoffereitherby:Phone:ScantheQRcodebelowwiththeQRscannerattheexitor,Printedcopy:PrintthisemailandscantheQRcodewhenexitingthegarage.ForourholidayparkingpromotionatReaganNationalAirport(RNA),clickhereThisholiday,letyourjourneybeginwithus!HowtoUsethePromotionQRCode1.Whenenteringthegarage,pullparkingticketfromthemachine.2.Atexit,insertyourparkingticketintothemachine.3.Machinewilldisplaymessageshowingamountdueas:“Pleasepay$X.XX.EnterCredit-CardoraRebateTicket(折扣票)”4.ScantheQRCodewiththeQRcodereader5.Machinewillnowdisplaymessageshowingtheamountafterdiscount6.Payamountduebycreditcardorcash*Termsandconditions:PromotionvalidfortravelbetweenNovember16,2018—December2,2018andDecember14,2018—January31,2019ValidonlyforGarageparkingandnontransferableParkingspacesarelimitedCouponmustbepresentedattimeofexittoreceivediscountDullesInternationalAirport/(703)572-2700/FlyDSTAYCONNECTEDDullesInternationalAirport,1SaarinenCircle,Dulles,VA2016640.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisRIGHT?A.HewhoparkshiscaratDIAmorethanfourdaysenjoysthediscount.B.ThecoupononehasredeemedatRNAcouldbeusedbyanotherperson.C.Anytravelerisentitledtothe30%offtheparkingcharge.D.Apersonwho’snotredeemedthecouponcan’tenjoythediscount.41.Inwhatwaycanadrivergettoknowthediscountedamountoftheparkingcharge?A.Insertingtheparkingticketintothemachine B.PresentingthecouponC.ScanningtheQRwiththeQRcodereader D.CombiningAandC42.HowmanywaysaretherethattravelerscanconnectDIAandRNA?A.Five B.Two C.Four D.Three【答案】40.D41.D42.C【解析】【導語】本文為一篇應用文。文章介紹了杜勒斯國際機場將在特定日期為停留4天或以上的旅客提供每日30%的車庫停車費優(yōu)惠的相關(guān)操作步驟，以及聯(lián)系方式。【40題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ThisholidayseasonDullesInternationalAirportisoffering30%offdailygarageparkingrateonselectdatesfortravelersstaying4daysormore.(今年假期，杜勒斯國際機場將在特定日期為停留4天或以上的旅客提供每日30%的車庫停車費優(yōu)惠)”；最后幾行“ValidonlyforGarageparkingandnontransferable(僅限停車場使用，不可轉(zhuǎn)讓)”；“Couponmustbepresentedattimeofexittoreceivediscount(必須在退出時出示優(yōu)惠券才能獲得折扣)”可知，此活動的服務對象為在杜勒斯國際機場停留時間四天及四天以上的旅客，且不得轉(zhuǎn)讓他人，離開停車場時須出示優(yōu)惠券才能享受優(yōu)惠福利，故為兌換優(yōu)惠券的旅客無法享受優(yōu)惠。故選D項?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HowtoUsethePromotionQRCode中的“2.Atexit,insertyourparkingticketintothemachine.(出口時，將停車票插入機器)”，“3.Machinewilldisplaymessageshowingamountdueas:‘Pleasepay$X.XX.EnterCredit-CardoraRebateTicket(折扣票)’(機器將顯示消息，顯示應付金額：‘請支付$X.XX，輸入信用卡或折扣票’)”；“4.ScantheQRCodewiththeQRcodereader(使用二維碼閱讀器掃描二維碼)”；“5.Machinewillnowdisplaymessageshowingtheamountafterdiscount(機器現(xiàn)在將顯示顯示折扣后金額的消息)”，根據(jù)以上步驟可知，司機需將停車票插入機器，并掃描二維碼之后才能知道折扣后的停車費用。故選D項。【42題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Don’tmissout—30%offgarageparkingatDullesInternationalAirport(DIA)reagan-dullesairport@mw”，二維碼下的“ForourholidayparkingpromotionatReaganNationalAirport(RNA),clickhere”，文章末倒數(shù)第三段“DullesInternationalAirport/(703)572-2700/FlyD”，文章最后一句“DullesInternationalAirport,1SaarinenCircle,Dulles,VA20166”，可知，可以通過郵箱、網(wǎng)絡鏈接、網(wǎng)站以及具體的地址聯(lián)系到DIA和RNA。故選C項。CBusinesshasslowed,layoffsmount,butexecutivepaycontinuestoroar—atleastsofar.BusinessWeek’sannualsurveyfindsthatchiefexecutiveofficers(CEOs)at365ofthelargestUScompaniesgotcompensationlastyearaveraging$3.1million—upl.3percentfrom1994.Whyarethetopbossesgettinganestimated485timesthepayofatypicalfactoryworker?Thatisupfrom475timesin1999andamere42timesin1980.Onereasonmaybewhatexpertscallthe“LakeWobegoneffect”.Corporateboardstendtoconsiderthat“allCEOsareaboveaverage”—aplayonGarrisonKeillor’sfamouslineinhispublicradioshow,APrairieHomeCompanion,thatallthetown’schildrenare“aboveaverage”.ConsultantsprovideboardswithsurveysofcorporateCEOcompensation.SincedirectorsarereluctanttoregardtheirCEOsasbelowaverage,thecompensationcommitteesofboardstendtosetpayatanabove-averagelevel.Theresult:Paylevelsgetraised.DefendersoflavishCEOpayarguethereissuchastrongdemandforexperiencedCEOsthatthefreemarketforcestheirpayup.Theyfurthermaintainmostboardsstructurepaypackagestoreflectanexecutive’sperformance.Theygetpaidmoreiftheircompaniesandtheirstockdowell.Socompanieswithhigh-paidCEOsgenerategreatwealthfortheirshareholders.Butthesupposedcream-of-the-cropexecutivesdidsurprisinglypoorlyfortheirshareholdersin1999,saysScottKlinger,authorofthisreportbyaBoston-basedOrganizationUnitedforaFairEconomy.Ifaninvestorhadput$10,000apieceattheendof1999intothestockofthosecompanieswiththe10highest-paidCEOs,byyear-end2000theinvestmentwouldhaveshrunkto$8.132.If$10,000hadbeenputintotheStandard&Poor’s500stocks,itwouldhavebeenworth$9,090.ToMr.Klinger,thesefindingssuggestthatthetheorythatoneperson,theCEO,isresponsibleforcreatingmostofacorporation’svalueisdeadwrong.“Ittakesmanyemplo