醫(yī)學專業(yè)英語詞匯構成專家講座

MedicalTerminologyZisenZhang第1頁ExampleMicroscopeCTMRIHIVAIDSSARS第2頁CONCEPTMedicalterminologyisaspecialvocabularyusedbyhealthcareprofessionalsforeffectiveandaccuratecommunication.basedmainlyonGreekLatin

盎格魯-撒克遜語Dyspepsia,EupepsiaAbdomen,Invitro,Invivo心cardiacorheart腸enteronintestinebowel第3頁FeaturesAdminister,foreignbody,complain,laborGene,clone,yin,yang,aspirinBraindeath,HFMD,scartissue-itis,arthritis,hepatitis,gastritisA.c.(antecibum),B.i.d(bisindie),BP,ARDS,COPD,SARS,TCMAdam'sapple,venerealdiseasePeeorurine?第4頁Wordelements

WordrootCombiningformSuffixPrefixHowyoucombinetheseelementsandwhetherallorsomeofthemarepresentinamedicalworddeterminethemeaningofaword.第5頁RootRootisthefundamentalunitofeachmedicalwordAwordrootisthemainpartorfoundationofaword;allmedicalwordshaveatleastonewordroot.

teacher,teaches,teachingteach

speaker,speaks,speakingspeak第6頁Awordrootmaybeusedaloneorcombinedwithotherelementstoformanotherwordwithadifferentmeaning.alcohol

alcoholism(conditionmarkedbyimpairedcontroloveralcoholuse)sperm

spermicide(agentthatkillssperm)thyroid

thyroidectomy(excisionofthethyroidgland)RootasaCompleteWordRootasaPartofaWord第7頁CombiningFormsAcombiningform(CF)iscreatedwhenawordrootiscombinedwithavowel.Thisvowelisusuallyano.Thevowelhasnomeaningofitsown,butenablestwowordelementstobelinked.第8頁Chem-therapydermat-logyEncephal-graphyNeur-logyTherm-meterSuf?xRooto+vowel+CombiningForms第9頁Acombiningvowelisusedtolinkaroottoanotherroottoformacompoundword.

gastr/o/enter/itis

leuk/o/cyt/o/penia

electr/o/cardi/o/gram第10頁suffixAsuf?xisashortwordpartorseriesofpartsaddedattheendofaroottomodifyitsmeaninggastritisgastr-

-itis-icgastricgastrology-ology第11頁ThreeRulesofWordBuilding■Rule1:Awordrootlinksasuffixthatbeginswithavowel.■Rule2:Acombiningform(root+o)linksasuffixthatbeginswithaconsonant.■Rule3:Acombiningform(root+o)linksaroottoanotherroottoformacompoundword.第12頁Rule1:Awordrootlinksasuffixthatbeginswithavowel.leuk-emiaCephal-algiagastr-itisappend-ectomyWordRootSuf?xtermsleukemiacephalalgiagastritis

appendectomy

第13頁Rule2:Acombiningform(root+o)linksasuffixthatbeginswithaconsonant.Gastr-scopemen-rrheaangi-rrhexisUreter-lithWordRootSuf?xtermsgastr/o/scopemen/o/rrheaangi/o/rrhexisureter/o/lith第14頁Rule3:Acombiningform(root+o)linksaroottoanotherroottoformacompoundword.

gastr/o/enter/itis

leuk/o/cyt/o/penia

electr/o/cardi/o/gram第15頁Exercisescarcin_-oma=carcinoma+aden-_=adenocarcinomaCardi_-gram=cardiogram+electrocardiogramElectr-_=第16頁PrefixApre?xisawordelementlocatedatthebeginningofawordwhichaddedbeforearoottomodifyitsmeaning.Substitutingoneprefixforanotherprefixchangesthemeaningoftheword.Aprefixusuallyindicatesanumber,time,position,ornegation.第17頁macro/cyte---alargecellMicro/cyte---asmallcellPost/natalbehind/afterbirth

pre/natalbeforebirthperi/card/itisInflammationofthepericardium第18頁hypo-

pref.

①在…下(旳);

hypodermic

皮下旳.

2)低…；次…；亞…;

hypotensioo

低血壓.

super-

pref.

①上…;

asuperstructure

上層建筑.

②超…;

supersonic

超聲速旳.

③過度;

superfluous

過多旳.

homo-

①[與名詞構成名詞]同，相似;

homograph

同形異義詞.

homology

相似關系.

②[與形容詞構成形容詞]同旳；相似旳;

homocentric

同中心旳.

homosexual

同性戀愛旳.

第19頁WordelementsPrefixRootSuffixPrefixRootSuffixwordEndo-+card+-itis第20頁De?ningMedicalWordsWhendefiningamedicalword,firstdefinethesuffix.Second,definethebeginningoftheword;finally,definethemiddleoftheword.Hereisanexampleusingthetermosteoarthritis.

oste/o/arthr/itis(2)(3)(1)1.-itismeansinflammation.2.oste/omeans