人教版高中學習英語必修4課文原文Unit15

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必修4Unit1

ASTUDENTOFAFRICANWILDLIFE

Itis5:45amandthesunisjustrisingoverGombeNationalParkinEastAfrica.Following

Jane'swayofstudyingchimps,ourgroupareallgoingtovisitthemintheforest.Janehasstudied

thesefamiliesofchimpsformanyyearsandhelpedpeopleunderstandhowmuchtheybehavelike

humans.Watchingafamilyofchimpswakeupisourfirstactivityoftheday.Thismeansgoing

backtotheplacewhereweleftthefamilysleepinginatreethenightbefore.Everybodysitsand

waitsintheshadeofthetreeswhilethefamilybeginstowakeupandmoveoff.Thenwefollow

astheywanderintotheforest.Mostofthetime,chimpseitherfeedorcleaneachotherasawayof

showingloveintheirfamily.Janewarnsusthatourgroupisgoingtobeverytiredanddirtyby

theafternoonandsheisright.However,theeveningmakesitallworthwhile.Wewatchthemother

chimpandherbabiesplayinthetree.Thenweseethemgotosleeptogetherintheirnestforthe

night.Werealizethatthebondbetweenmembersofachimpfamilyisasstrongasinahuman

family.

NobodybeforeJanefullyunderstoodchimpbehaviour.Shespentyearsobservingandrecordingtheirdailyactivities.Sinceherchildhoodshehadwantedtoworkwithanimalsintheirownenvironment.However,thiswasnoteasy.WhenshefirstarrivedinGombein1960,itwasunusualforawomantoliveintheforest.Onlyafterhermothercametohelpherforthefirstfewmonthswassheallowedtobeginherproject.Herworkchangedthewaypeoplethinkaboutchimps.Forexample,oneimportantthingshediscoveredwasthatchimpshuntandeatmeat.Untiltheneveryonehadthoughtchimpsateonlyfruitandnuts.Sheactuallyobservedchimpsasagrouphuntingamonkeyandtheneatingit.Shealsodiscoveredhowchimpscommunicatewitheachother,andherstudyoftheirbodylanguagehelpedherworkouttheirsocialsystem.ForfortyyearsJaneGoodallhasbeenoutspokenaboutmakingtherestoftheworldunderstandandrespectthelifeoftheseanimals.Shehasarguedthatwildanimalsshouldbeleftinthewildandnotusedforentertainmentoradvertisements.Shehashelpedtosetupspecialplaceswheretheycanlivesafely.Sheisleadingabusylifebutshesays:"OnceIstop,itallcomescrowdinginandIrememberthechimpsinlaboratories.It'sterrible.ItaffectsmewhenIwatchthe

wildchimps.Isaytomyself,'Aren'ttheylucky?"AndthenIthinkaboutsmallchimpsincages1thoughtheyhavedonenothingwrong.Onceyouhaveseenthatyoucanneverforget..."Shehasachievedeverythingshewantedtodo:workingwithanimalsintheirownenvironment,gainingadoctor'sdegreeandshowingthatwomencanliveintheforestasmencan.Sheinspiresthosewhowanttocheertheachievementsofwomen.WHYNOTCARRYONHERGOODWORK?IenjoyedEnglish,biology,andchemistryatschool,butwhichoneshouldIchoosetostudyatuniversity?IdidnotknowtheansweruntiloneeveningwhenIsatdownatthecomputertodosomeresearchongreatwomenofChina.BychanceIcameacrossanarticleaboutadoctorcalledLinQiaozhi,aspecialistinwomen'sdiseases.Shelivedfrom1901to1983.Itseemedthatshehadbeenverybusyinherchosencareer,travellingabroadtostudyaswellaswritingbooksandarticles.Oneofthemcaughtmyeye.Itwasasmall

bookexplaininghowtocutthedeathratefromhavingandcaringforbabies.Shegavesome

simplerulestofollowforkeepingbabiesclean,healthyandfreefromsickness.Whydidshewrite

that?WhowerethewomenthatLinQiaozhithoughtneededthisadvice?Ilookedcarefullyatthe

textand

realizedthatitwasintendedforwomeninthecountryside.Perhapsiftheyhadanemergencythey

couldnotreachadoctor.

Suddenlyithitmehowdifficultitwasforawomantogetmedicaltrainingatthattime.

Thatwasagenerationwhengirls'educationwasalwaysplacedsecondtoboys'.Wasshesomuch

clevererthananyoneelse?Furtherreadingmademerealizethatitwashardworkand

determinationaswellashergentlenaturethatgotherintomedicalschool.Whatmadehersucceed

lateronwasthekindnessandconsiderationsheshowedtoallherpatients.Therewasstoryafter

storyofhowLinQiaozhi,tiredafteraday'swork,wentlateatnighttodeliverababyforapoor

familywhocouldnotpayher.

BynowIcouldnotwaittofindoutmoreabouther.IdiscoveredthatLinQiaozhihad

devotedherwholelifetoherpatientsandhadchosennottohaveafamilyofherown.Insteadshe

madesurethatabout50,000babiesweresafelydelivered.BythistimeIwasveryexcited.Why

notstudyatmedicalcollegelikeLinQiaozhiandcarryonhergoodwork?Itwasstillnottoolate

formetoimprovemystudies,preparefortheuniversityentranceexaminations,and?．2

必修4Unit2

APIONEERFORALLPEOPLE

AlthoughheisoneofChina'smostfamousscientists,YuanLongpingconsidershimselfa

farmer,forheworksthelandtodohisresearch.Indeed,hissunburntfaceandarmsandhisslim,

strongbodyarejustlikethoseofmillionsofChinesefarmers,forwhomhehasstruggledforthe

pastfivedecades.DrYuanLongpinggrowswhatiscalledsuperhybridrice.In1974,hebecame

thefirstagriculturalpioneerintheworldtogrowricethathasahighoutput.Thisspecialstrainof

ricemakesitpossibletoproduceone-thirdmoreofthecropinthesamefields.Nowmorethan

60%ofthericeproducedinChinaeachyearisfromthishybridstrain.

Bornintoapoorfarmer'sfamilyin1930,DrYuangraduatedfromSouthwestAgricultural

Collegein1953.Sincethen,findingwaystogrowmorericehasbeenhislifegoal.Asayoung

man,hesawthegreatneedforincreasingthericeoutput.Atthattime,hungerwasadisturbing

probleminmanypartsofthecountryside.DrYuansearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvests

withoutexpandingtheareaofthefields.In1950,Chinesefarmerscouldproduceonlyfifty

milliontonsofrice.Inarecentharvest,however,nearlytwohundredmilliontonsofricewas

produced.Theseincreasedharvestsmeanthat22%oftheworld'speoplearefedfromjust7%of

thefarmlandinChina.DrYuanisnowcirculatinghisknowledgeinIndia,Vietnamandmany

otherlessdevelopedcountriestoincreasetheirriceharvests.Thankstohisresearch,theUNhas

moretoolsinthebattletoridtheworldofhunger.Usinghishybridrice,farmersareproducing

harveststwiceaslargeasbefore.

DrYuanisquitesatisfiedwithhislife.However,hedoesn'tcareaboutbeingfamous.He

feelsitgiveshimlessfreedomtodohisresearch.Hewouldmuchratherkeeptimeforhishobbles.

Heenjoyslisteningtoviolinmusic,playingmah-jong,swimmingandreading.Spendingmoney

onhimselforleadingacomfortablelifealsomeansverylittletohim.Indeed,hebelievesthata

personwithtoomuchmoneyhasmoreratherthanfewertroubles.Hethereforegivesmillionsof

yuantoequipothersfortheirresearchinagriculture.

Justdreamingforthings,however,costsnothing.LongagoDryuanhadadreamabout

riceplantsastallassorghum.Eachearofricewasasbigasanearofcornandeachgrainofrice

wasashugeasapeanut.DrYuanawokefromhisdreamwiththehopeofproducingakindofrice3thatcouldfeedmorepeople.Now,manyyearslater,DrYuanhasanotherdream:toexporthisrice

sothatitcanbegrownaroundtheglobe.Onedreamisnotalwaysenough,especiallyforaperson

wholovesandcaresforhispeople.

CHEMICALORORGANICFARMING?Overthepasthalfcentury,usingchemicalfertilizershasbecomeverycommoninfarming.Manyfarmerswelcomedthemasagreatwaytostopcropdiseaseandincreaseproduction.Recently,however,scientistshavebeenfindingthatlong-termuseofthesefertilizerscancausedamagetothelandand,evenmoredangerous,topeople'shealth.Whataresomeoftheproblemscausedbychemicalfertilizers?First,theydamagethelandbykillingthehelpfulbacteriaandpestsaswellastheharmfulones.Chemicalsalsostayinthegroundandundergroundwaterforalongtime.Thisaffectscropsand,therefore,animalsandhumans,sincechemicalsgetinsidethecropsandcannotjustbewashedoff.Thesechemicalsinthefoodsupplybuildupinpeople'sbodiesovertime.Manyofthesechemicalscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.Inaddition,fruit,vegetablesandotherfoodgrownwithchemicalfertilizersusuallygrowtoofasttobefullofmuchnutrition.Theymaylookbeautiful,butinsidethereisusuallymorewaterthanvitaminsandminerals.Withthesediscoveries,somefarmersandmanycustomersarebeginningtoturntoorganicfarming.Organicfarmingissimplyfarmingwithoutusinganychemicals.Theyfocusonkeepingtheirsoilrichandfreeofdisease.Ahealthysoilreducesdiseaseandhelpscropsgrowstrongandhealthy.Organicfarmers,therefore,oftenpreferusingnaturalwastefromanimalsasfertilizer.Theyfeelthatthismakesthesoilintheirfieldsricherinmineralsandsomorefertile.Thisalsokeepstheair,soil,waterandcropsfreefromchemicals.Organicfarmersalsousemanyothermethodstokeepthesoilfertile.Theyoftenchangethekindofcropineachfieldeveryfewyears,forexample,growingcornorwheatandthenthenextyearpeasorsoybeans.Cropssuchaspeasorsoybeansputimportantmineralsbackintothesoil,makingitreadyforcropssuchaswheatorcornthatneedrichandfertilesoil.Organicfarmersalsoplantcropstousedifferentlevelsofsoil,forexample,plantingpeanutsthatusetheground'ssurfacefollowedbyvegetablesthatputdowndeeproots.Someorganicfarmerspreferplantinggrassbetweencropstopreventwindorwaterfromcarryingawaythesoil,andthen

4leavingitinthegroundtobecomeanaturalfertilizerforthenextyear'scrop.Thesemany

differentorganicfarmingmethodshavethesamegoal:togrowgoodfoodandavoiddamagingthe

environmentorpeople'shealth.

必修4Unit3

AMASTEROFNONVERBALHUMOURAsVictorHugooncesaid,"Laughteristhesunthatdriveswinterfromthehumanface",anduptonownobodyhasbeenabletodothisbetterthanCharlieChaplin.HebrightenedthelivesofAmericansandBritishthroughtwoworldwarsandthehardyearsinbetween.Hemadepeoplelaughatatimewhentheyfeltdepressed,sotheycouldfeelmorecontentwiththeirlives.NotthatCharlie'sownlifewaseasy!Hewasborninapoorfamilyin1889.Hisparentswerebothpoormusichallperformers.YoumayfinditastonishingthatCharliewastaughttosingassoonashecouldspeakanddanceassoonashecouldwalk.Suchtrainingwascommoninactingfamiliesatthistime,especiallywhenthefamilyincomewasoftenuncertain.Unfortunatelyhisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff,soCharliespenthischildhoodlookingafterhissickmotherandhisbrother.Byhisteens,Charliehad,throughhishumour,becomeoneofthemostpopularchildactorsinEngland.Hecouldmimeandactthefooldoingordinaryeverydaytasks.Noonewaseverboredwatchinghim-hissubtleactingmadeeverythingentertaining.Astimewentby,hebeganmakingfilms.Hegrewmoreandmorepopularashischarmingcharacter,thelittletramp,becameknownthroughouttheworld.Thetramp,apoor,homelessmanwithamoustache,worelargetrousers,worn-outshoesandasmallroundblackhat.Hewalkedaroundstillycarryingawalkingstick.Thischaracterwasasocialfailurebutwaslovedforhisoptimismanddeterminationtoovercomealldifficulties.Hewastheunderdogwhowaskindevenwhenotherswereunkindtohim.Howdidthelittletrampmakeasadsituationentertaining?Hereisanexamplefromoneofhismostfamousfilms,TheGoldRush.Itisthemid-nineteenthcenturyandgoldhasjustbeendiscoveredinCalifornia.Likesomanyothers,thelittletrampandhisfriendhaverushedthereinsearchofgold,butwithoutsuccess.Insteadtheyarehidinginasmallhutontheedgeofamountainduringasnowstormwithnothingtoeat.Theyaresohungrythattheytryboilingapairofleathershoesfortheirdinner.Charliefirstpicksoutthelacesandeatsthemasiftheywere

5spaghetti.Thenhecutsofftheleathertopoftheshoeasifitwerethefineststeak.Finallyhetries

cuttingandchewingthebottomoftheshoe.Heeatseachmouthfulwithgreatenjoyment.The

actingissoconvincingthatitmakesyoubelievethatitisoneofthebestmealshehasevertasted!

CharlieChaplinwrote,directedandproducedthefilmshestarredin.In1972hewasgivena

specialOscarforhisoutstandingworkinfilms.HelivedinEnglandandtheUSAbutspenthis

lastyearsinSwitzerland,wherehewasburiedin1977.Heislovedandrememberedasagreat

actorwhocouldinspirepeoplewithgreatconfidence.

ENGLISHJOKES

1Therearethousandsofjokeswhichuse"playonwords"toamuseus.Onepersonasksa

questionwhichexpectsaparticularreply.Instead,whathegetsisanotherkindofanswerwhich

makesthesituationfunny.Nowreadsomeofthesecustomerandwaiterjokes.Canyoumatchthe

jokewiththeexplanation?

1C:What'sthatflydoinginmysoup?

Swimming,Ithink!

2C:What'sthat?

It'sbeansoup.

C:Idon'twanttoknowwhatit'sbeen.Iwanttoknowwhatitisnow.

C:Waiter,willthepancakesbelong?

No,sir.Round.

2Somejokesarelongerandtellashort,funnystory.Thefollowingisoneofthosejokes

aboutthefamousdetectiveSherlockHolmesandhisfriendDoctorWatson.Readitanddecide

whichofthesetwokindsofjokesyoulikebetter.Giveyourreasons.

SherlockHolmesandDoctorWatsonwentcampinginamountainousarea.Theywere

lyingintheopenairunderthestars.SherlockHolmeslookedupatthestarsandwhispered,

"Watson,whenyoulookatthatbeautifulsky,whatdoyouthinkof?"Watsonreplied,"Ithinkof

howshortlifeisandhowlongtheuniversehaslasted.""No,no,Watson!"Holmessaid."Whatdo

youreallythinkof?."Watsontriedagain."IthinkofhowsmallIamandhowvasttheskyis."

"Tryagain,Watson!"saidHolmes.Watsontriedathirdtime."Ithinkofhowcoldtheuniverseis

andhowwarmpeoplecanbeintheirbeds."Holmessaid,"Watson,youfool!Youshouldbe

thinkingthatsomeonehasstolenourtent!"6

必修4Unit4

COMMUNICATION:NOPROBLEM?

Yesterday,anotherstudentandI,representingouruniversity'sstudentassociation,wentto

theCapitalInternationalAirporttomeetthisyear'sinternationalstudents.Theywerecomingto

studyatBeijingUniversity.Wewouldtakethemfirsttotheirdormitoriesandthentothestudent

canteen.Afterhalfanhourofwaitingfortheirflighttoarrive,Isawseveralyoungpeopleenter

thewaitingarealookingaroundcuriously.Istoodforaminutewatchingthemandthenwentto

greetthem.

ThefirstpersontoarrivewasTonyGarciafromColombia,closelyfollowedbyJulia

SmithfromBritain.AfterImetthemandthenintroducedthemtoeachother,Iwasverysurprised.

TonyapproachedJulia,touchedhershoulderandkissedheronthecheek!Shesteppedback

appearingsurprisedandputupherhands,asifindefence.Iguessedthattherewasprobablya

majormisunderstanding.ThenAkiraNagatafromJapancameinsmiling,togetherwithGeorge

CookfromCanada.Astheywereintroduced,GeorgereachedhishandouttotheJapanesestudent.

Justatthatmoment,however,AkirabowedsohisnosetouchedGeorge'smovinghand.Theyboth

apologized-anotherculturalmistake!

AhmedAziz,anotherinternationalstudent,wasfromJordan.Whenwemetyesterday,he

movedveryclosetomeasIintroducedmyself.Imovedbackabit,buthecameclosertoaska

questionandthenshookmyhand.WhenDarleneCoulonfromFrancecamedashingthroughthe

door,sherecognizedTonyGarcia'ssmilingface.Theyshookhandsandthenkissedeachother

twiceoneachcheek,sincethatistheFrenchcustomwhenadultsmeetpeopletheyknow.Ahmed

Aziz.,onthecontrary,simplynoddedatthegirls.MenfromMiddleEasternandotherMuslim

countrieswilloftenstandquiteclosetoothermentotalkbutwillusuallynottouchwomen.

AsIgettoknowmoreinternationalfriends,Ilearnmoreaboutthiscultural"body

language".Notallculturesgreeteachotherthesameway,noraretheycomfortableinthesame

waywithtouchingordistancebetweenpeople.Inthesamewaythatpeoplecommunicatewith

spokenlanguage,theyalsoexpresstheirfeelingsusingunspoken"language"throughphysical

distance,actionsorposture.Englishpeople,forexample,donotusuallystandveryclosetoothers

ortouchstrangersassoonastheymeet.However,peoplefromplaceslikeSpain,ItalyorSouth7Americancountriesapproachotherscloselyandaremorelikelytotouchthem.Mostpeople

aroundtheworldnowgreeteachotherbyshakinghands,butsomeculturesuseothergreetingsas

well,suchastheJapanese,whoprefertobow.

Theseactionsarenotgoodorbad,butaresimplywaysinwhichcultureshavedeveloped.I

haveseen,however,thatculturalcustomsforbodylanguageareverygeneral-notallmembersof

aculturebehaveinthesameway.Ingeneral,though,studyinginternationalcustomscancertainly

helpavoiddifficultiesintoday'sworldofculturalcrossroads!

SHOWINGOURFEELINGS

Bodylanguageisoneofthemostpowerfulmeansofcommunication,oftenevenmore

powerfulthanspokenlanguage.Peoplearoundtheworldshowallkindsoffeelings,wishesand

attitudesthattheymightneverspeakaloud.Itispossibleto"read"othersaroundus,evenifthey

donotintendforustocatchtheirunspokencommunication.Ofcourse,bodylanguagecanbe

misread,butmanygesturesandactionsareuniversal.

Themostuniversalfacialexpressionis,ofcourse,thesmile–itsfunctionistoshow

happinessandputpeopleatease.Itdoesnotalwaysmeanthatwearetrulyhappy,however.

Smilesaroundtheworldcanbefalse,hidingotherfeelingslikeanger,fearorworry.Thereare

unhappysmiles,suchaswhensomeone"losesface"andsmilestohideit.However,thegeneral

purposeofsmilingistoshowgoodfeelings.

Fromthetimewearebabies,weshowunhappinessorangerbyfrowning.Inmostplaces

aroundtheworld,frowningandturningone'sbacktosomeoneshowsanger.Makingafistand

shakingitalmostalwaysmeansthatsomeoneisangryandthreateninganotherperson.

Therearemanywaysaroundtheworldtoshowagreement,butnoddingtheheadupand

downisusedforagreement,almostworldwide.Mostpeoplealsounderstandthatshakingthehead

fromsidetosidemeansdisagreementorrefusal.

HowaboutshowingthatIambored?Lookingawayfrompeopleoryawningwill,inmost

cases,makemeappeartobeuninterested.However,ifIturntowardandlookatsomeoneor

something,peoplefromalmosteveryculturewillthinkthatIaminterested.IfIrollmyeyesand

turnmyheadaway,ImostlikelydonotbelievewhatIamhearingordonotlikeit.

Beingrespectfultopeopleissubjective,basedoneachculture,butingeneralitis

probablynotagoodideatogiveahugtoabossorteacher.Inalmosteveryculture,itisnot8usuallygoodtostandtooclosetosomeoneofahigherrank.Standingatalittledistancewithopen

handswillshowthatIamwillingtolisten.

Withsomanyculturaldifferencesbetweenpeople,itisgreattohavesomesimilaritiesin

bodylanguage.Wecanoftenbewrongabouteachother,soitisanamazingthingthatwe

understandeachotheraswellaswedo!

必修4Unit5

THEMEPARKS—FUNANDMORETHANFUNWhichthemeparkwouldyouliketovisit?Therearevariouskindsofthemeparks,withadifferentparkforalmosteverything:food,culture,science,cartoons,moviesorhistory.Someparksarefamousforhavingthebiggestorlongestrollercoasters,othersforshowingthefamoussightsandsoundsofaculture.Whicheverandwhateveryoulike,thereisathemeparkforyou!ThethemeparkyouareprobablymostfamiliarwithisDisneyland.Itcanbefoundinseveralpartsoftheworld.Itwillbringyouintoamagicalworldandmakeyourdreamscometrue,whethertravelingthroughspace,visitingapirateshipormeetingyourfavouritefairytaleorDisneycartooncharacter.Asyouwanderaroundthefantasyamusementpark,youmayseeSnowWhiteorMickeyMouseinaparadeoronthestreet.OfcourseDisneylandalsohasmanyexcitingrides,fromgiantswingingshipstoterrifyingfree-falldrops.Withalltheseattractions,nowondertourismisincreasingwhereverthereisaDisneyland.Ifyouwanttohavefunandmorethanfun,cometoDisneyland!Dollywood,inthebeautifulSmokyMountainsinthesoutheasternUSA,isoneofthemostuniquethemeparksintheworld.DollywoodshowsandcelebratesAmerica'straditionalsoutheasternculture.AlthoughDollywoodhasrides,thepark'smainattractionisitsculture.Famouscountrymusicgroupsperformthereallyearinindoorandoutdoortheatres.PeoplecomefromalloverAmericatoseecarpentersandothercraftsmenmakewood,glassandironobjectsintheold-fashionedway.Visitthecandyshoptotrythesamekindofcandy

thatAmericansouthernersmade150yearsago,ortakearideontheonlysteam-enginetrainstill

workinginthesoutheastUSA.Youcanevenseebeautifulbaldeaglesintheworld'slargestbald

eaglepreserve.Andforthosewholikerides,Dollywoodhasoneofthebestoldwoodenroller9coasters,Thunderhead.Itisworld-famousforhavingthemostlengthinthesmallestspace.Come

toDollywoodtohavefunlearningallaboutAmerica'shistoricalsoutheasternculture!

IfyouwanttoexperiencetheancientdaysandgreatdeedsofEnglishknightsandladies,

princesandqueens,thenEngland'sCamelotParkistheplaceforyou.Everyareaoftheparkis

modelledafterlifeinthedaysofKingArthurandtheKnightsoftheRoundTable.Inoneplace,

youcanwatchmagicshowswithMerlintheWizard.Ifyouwanttoseefightingwithswordsoron

horseback,thenthejoustingareaisagoodplacetovisit.If