深圳牛津八年級上冊 M1Unit1知識點歸納及練習(帶答案)

Module1AmazingthingsUnit1Encyclopedias知識網絡5ome^any；復合不宦代詞惑興趣的人與場Th已"Turn日門Encycopa已ListeningGrammarSpeakingReadingReadingopa知識清單重點掌握使用some與any及其他復合不定代詞。e.g.Thereissomewaterintheglass,butthereisn'tanyjuiceinthebottlookup由動詞與副詞構成的動詞短語，代詞需在look與up之間，名詞可在中間或后面。e.g.Lookupthewordsinthedictionarylookitupe-難點有s(與any的用法；)me與含有any的復合不定代詞的用法。易錯點lookup的用法；find與findout的區(qū)別。高頻考點some與any的區(qū)別及含有some與含有any的復合不定代詞的用法；復合不定代詞的修飾詞的位置；find與findout的區(qū)別；lookup的用法。€飛誼匯淸單詞匯：encyclopaedian.百科全書humanadj.人的dinosaurn.恐龍*Italiann.意大利人inventorn.發(fā)明家musiciann.音樂家scientistn.科學家bornv.出生countrysiden.鄉(xiāng)村；農村intelligencen.才智；智慧*artisticadj.有藝術天賦的abilityn.能力；才能perhapsadv.可能；大概inventionn.發(fā)明notebookn.筆記本includev.包括；包含

evenadv.（強調出乎意料）甚至suddenlyadv.突然；忽然*fossiln.化石dollarn.美元短語howeveradv.然而nobodypron.沒有人winv.（在比賽中）贏；獲勝inthecountryside在鄉(xiāng)村；在農村humanbeing人dieout滅絕；消失findout了解（到）；弄清goforawalk去散步謀梳理第一部分：詞匯精講inventorn.發(fā)明家LeonardodaVinciwasanItalianinventor.列奧納多.達.芬奇是一位意大利的發(fā)明家?！就卣埂縤nventv.發(fā)明，inventionn.發(fā)明musiciann.音樂家LangLangisaChinesemusician。朗朗是一名中國音樂家?！就卣埂縨usicn.音樂，musicaladj.音樂的scientistn.科學家Tomwantstobeascientistwhenhegrowsup.湯姆長大后相當一名科學家?！韭?lián)想】sciencen.科學bornv.出生Iwasbornin1982.我出生在1982年?！就卣埂縝eborn后可接地點或時間狀語。接地點名詞時用介詞in,接時間名詞時用介詞on或in（具體到某一天用on；出生于某年/某月用in）。LiMingwasborninEnglandonMay8th,1995.--Wherewereyouborn?--IwasborninGuangzhou.countrysiden.農村；鄉(xiāng)村ThecountrysidenearGuangzhouisquitebeautiful.廣州一帶的郊野挺漂亮?！韭?lián)想】countryn.農村【拓展】inthecountryside在鄉(xiāng)下abilityn.才能；能力Hehastheabilitytofinishthetaskontime.他有能力按時完成任務?！就卣埂縣avetheabilitytodosth.有能力做某事includev.包括；包含Thepriceincludesyourbreakfastandlunch.價格包括你的早餐和午餐在內?！就卣埂縤ncludingprep.包括；包含在內Therearefourpeopleintheteam,includingTom.隊伍里有四個人，包括湯姆在內。&evenadv.甚至【用法】常用于系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，實義動詞之前，表達某一行動出人意料。如果強調某一成分，可以放在句中其他地方。如：Thequestionissoeasythatakidcananswerit.這個問題很簡單，哪怕是小孩子也會回答。【注意】even還可以用于修飾形容詞或副詞的比較級。Thisroomisevenlargerthanthatone.這個房間比那個更大。howeveradv.然而【辨析】however用于句首、句中或句末均可，常與句子用逗號隔開。而but總位于它所引出的分句的開頭。例如：However,shewon'tgowithus.不過，她不和我一起去。Shecan'tsingwell,butshecandancewell.她唱歌不好，但她跳舞好。nobodypron.沒有人【拓展】nobody=not…anybody【聯(lián)想】somebody有人，某人；anybody任何人；everybody每個人【用法】復合不定代詞表示單數(shù)。第二部分：重點句型從1.Lookitup!查閱一下!【用法】Lookup意為“查閱；查詢”，強調的詞典、參考書等工具書里查詢，而不是把詞典、參考書等詞作為賓語，應在其后加上介詞in,再接詞典或參考書的名詞。如：Wecanlookupnewwordsinthedictionary.我們可以在詞典中查新單詞。【拓展】lookup仰視；向上看HelookedupfromhisbookasIcameintotheroom.我進入房間時，他從書本上抬起頭來看了看。虱2?Fromanearlyage,heshowedgreatintelligenceandartisticability.從幼年開始，他就顯示出了極高的智慧和藝術才能。【短語】（1）fromanearlyage自從幼年起如果要表示“在幼年時期”則用介詞at，atanearlyage。還有短語attheageof歲的時候。（2）show的用法：showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.向某人展示某物；把某物給某人看-\3.Hispaintingsareveryfamous,andone,theMonaLisa,isperhapsthemostfamouspaintingsintheworld.他的畫作很出名，《蒙娜麗莎》可能是世界上最著名的一幅畫?！痉治觥縡amousadj.著名的，相當于well-known,可以做表語和定語。Sheisfamoussportsstarintheworld.【辨析】befamousfor與befamousasbefamousfor因.…，.而聞名HangzhouisfamousfortheWestLake.befamousas作為.…而著名Heisfamousasasinger.魚4?DinosaurslivedonEarthmorethan60millionyearsbeforehumanbeings.恐龍比人類早6千萬年生活在地球上?！径陶Z】morethan“超過；多于”，相當于over,反義詞lessthan，意為“少于”。Theyhavemorethanacar.他們有不止一輛汽車?！就卣埂縩omorethan(=only)僅僅；不過notmorethan不多于；不超過【拓展】million“百萬”，與具體的數(shù)字連用是，不加-s,后面直接接復數(shù)名詞。固定短語millionsof...“數(shù)百萬的……”，其后接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式，不與具體數(shù)字連用。hundred,thousand和million的用法相同。Millionsofpeoplehelpthemindifferentways.Thereareabouttwothousandstudentsinthisschool.Hewrotehundredsofsongs.助記：hundred,thousand和million，有時含糊有時清。清時無-s和of,糊時-s和of跟。一些恐龍像雞一樣小。良5?Somedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.一些恐龍像雞一樣小?！径陶Z】as...as...“與一樣”，當兩個比較對象在某方面相同時，用“as+形容詞/副詞原級+as”結構，表示“（A與B）—樣Thistreeisastallasthatone.【拓展】比較兩個對象時，若一方不及另一方，則用“not/so+形容詞/副詞原級+as”結構，表示“A不如B“如：Ourschoolisnotsobigasyours.魚6?WhenIwasyoung,Iusedtokeepanotebook.我小時候，我常常保持一個筆記本?！径陶Z】（1）keepanotebook（2）“usedto+動詞原形”意為“過去常常做某事”，并且暗含有“現(xiàn)在已不做”之意。如:IusedtoreadEnglishintheevening.ButnowIusuallyreaditinthemorning.Iusedtogotothatprimaryschool.魚7?Shecanfindoutaboutmany...她能弄清許多關于【短語】findout意為“了解（到）；弄清；發(fā)現(xiàn)”。Iwilltrytofindoutwhobrokethemachine.Readthispassage,andfindouttheanswertothisquestion.【辨析】findout,find與lookforfindout查明，找出指通過觀察、探索等努力才查明結果find發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到強調結果lookfor尋找強調動作第三部分：語法點撥A.someandanysome意為“一些”、“幾個”,通常用于肯定句中?，F(xiàn)將其主要用法歸納如下:一、some作形容詞用時,可以修飾復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如:Therearesomestudentsintheclassroom.教室里有幾個學生。Thereissomemilkintheglass.杯子里有一些牛奶。二、some作代詞用時,可在句中作主語或賓語。例如:Someoftheboysareplayinggamesnow.有幾個男孩現(xiàn)在正在做游戲。Ihavenopaper.Pleasegivemesome.我沒有紙了,請給我一些吧。三、some有時也可以用在疑問句或條件句中,表示請求、建議,并期望得到對方的肯定回答。它也可以用于反問句中。例如:Canyougivemesomemoney?你能給我一些錢嗎?Wouldyoulikesomemorerice?再來點米飯好嗎?Whydon'tyoubuysomeflowersforher?你為什么不給她買些花呢?Ifyouwant（some）,I'llgiveyousome.如果你想要（一些）,我就給你一些。any也有“一些”的意思,但它常用在否定句、否定答語或疑問句中。其具體用法如下:一、any作形容詞用時,可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)或復數(shù),也可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。例如:Doyouhaveanyquestionstoask?你有什么問題要問嗎?Thereisn'tanywaterinthisbottle.這個瓶子里沒有水。二、any作代詞用時,也可用于肯定句中,表示“任何”的意思,起強調作用。例如:Youmaytakeanyofthem.這些東西,你隨便拿哪個都行。Anymanwitheyesinhisheadcanseethathe'sexactlylikearope.任何一個頭上長有眼睛的人都能看出,他完全像一根繩子。三、any有時也可用于條件句中。例如:Ifyouhaveanytime,pleasecometomyhouse.如果你有時間,請來我家（玩）。Ifyouhaveany,giveussome.如果你有的話,就給我們一點兒吧。B.somebody,anybody,nobody,etc.一般來說，由some構成的復合不定代詞往往用于肯定句中；而由any構成的復合不定代詞則往往用于否定句或疑問句中。IheardsomeonesingingwhenIwasatworklastnight.【拓展】由some構成的復合不定代詞有事也可用于疑問句中，用來表示請求、建議等語句。Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?復合不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Somebodywantstoseeyou.形容詞修飾復合不定代詞something,anything,everything,nothing等時，要放在不定代詞的后面。Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellus?助記：復合不定代詞用法歌訣:復合代詞不張揚，修飾成分后面藏。單數(shù)從此作謂語，何時何地都一樣。詞匯篇】例1.(★★)首字母填空。I'mplanningtospendsometimeinthebeautifulc.Ilovenature.【考點】本單元詞匯。【解析】從Ilovenature可見，本題要表達“我計劃到哪個漂亮的鄉(xiāng)下過一段時間。我喜歡大自然【答案】countryside例2.(★★★)Steven,couldyouhelpmewhentheplanewilltakeoffontheInternet?I'msorry,mycomputerdoesn'twork.A.getonB.findoutC.lookforD.lookafter【考點】詞匯辨析【解析】geton登上，findout弄清，lookfor尋找，lookafter照顧?！敬鸢浮緾例3.(★★)Footballissoexcitingthatpeopleintheworldplayit.A.millionsofB.millionofC.twomillionsD.twomillionsof【考點】million的用法【解析】“數(shù)字+million+名詞”表示確數(shù)；“miHionsof+名詞”表示概數(shù)?！敬鸢浮緼例4.(★★)ThismorningIsomenewrestaurantsontheInternetforIwantedtotakeMiatoanicerestaurantforherbirthday.A.pickedupB.lookedupC.cleanedupD.gaveup【考點】含有up的動詞短語的辨析【解析】pickup為“撿起；接(某人)”的意思，lookup為喳閱”之意，cleanup為“清除”，giveup意為“放棄”。【答案】B【句型語法篇】例5.(★★★)他和他哥哥一樣高。Heishisbrother.【考點】固定搭配【解析】“像…一樣…”用as…as...，兩個as之間用形容詞或者副詞的原形。【答案】astallas例6.(★★)一Doyouhavetosayforyourself?一No,Ihavetosay.A.something;everythingB.nothing;somethingC.everything;anythingD.anything;nothing【考點】復合不定代詞的辨析?！窘馕觥縮omething一般用肯定句，anything一般用法否定句或疑問句，nothing本身表示否定?！敬鸢浮緿例7.(★★★)——Thestoryissoamazing!It'sthemostinterestingstoryI'veeverread.一ButI'mafraiditwon'tbelikedby.A.everybodyB.somebodyC.anybodyD.nobody【考點】復合不定代詞的辨析?！窘馕觥縩ot...anybody表示沒有人，是全否定；not...everybody表示并非所有人，是部分否定。【答案】A【能力篇】例8.（★★★）閱讀并回答問題OnFebruary3rd,1949,NewYorkHarbor港）wasanexcitingplace?ManypeopleweretheretogreetashipfromFrance?Ontheshipwere49Frenchrailroadboxcars（火車車廂）filledwithgiftsfromthepeopleofFrancetothepeopleofAmerica?TheseboxcarswerefromthefamousMerciTrain（Merci,aFrenchwordmeaning"thankyou"）?AfterworldWarII（二戰(zhàn)），alotoffactories,roadsandfarmsinFrancehadbeendestroyed?ManyFrenchpeoplehadnojobsormoneyandhadlittletowearandlittletoeat?Inthewinterof1947,atrainwassentacrosstheUnitedStates,stoppingincitiesandtownsalongtheway?Ateverystop,peoplegavewhatevertheycould?Factoriesgaveclothingandmedicine?Farmersgavefood?Familiesgavemoney?Evenschoolchildrengaveawaytheirpocketmoney（零用錢）.AllthethingswerethentakentoFrancebyship?By1949,theFrenchhadbeguntorecover（恢復）fromthewar?TheMerciTrainwastheirwayofsaying"thankyou"toAmerica?Frenchpeoplehadfilledtheboxcarswithgifts?Mostofthemwerepersonal,likehand-madetoys,children'sdrawings,orpostcards?Buttheboxcarsthemselveswereperhapsthemostmeaningfulofthegifts?Oneachcar,theFrenchpeoplehadpaintedthepicturesofalltheir40provinces,withanAmericaneagleonthefront?TheboxcarsweretakentoeachstateofAmerica,wheretheywerewarmlygreeted?Nowmanyofthestatesstillkeeptheirboxcars?GiftssentbytheFrenchpeoplecanstillbeseeninsomemuseums?TheMerciTraincameoutofthewar,butitnowremindstheworldthatcountriescanalsoworktogetherinpeace(和平).閱讀短文，根據短文內容選擇最佳答案。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z()1?ManypeoplecrowdedatNewYorkHarboronFebruary3rd,1949to?A.welcometheMerciTrainB?meettheirfamiliesC?haveabigpartyD?startatripbyship()2?In1947,atrainstoppedincitiesacrossAmericainorderto?A.giveawayclothingandfoodB?getmoresoldiersforthewarC?collectthingstohelpFrenchpeopleD?showexhibitionsfromthemuseums()3?Theunderlinedword"them"inParagraph3refersto(扌旨)?A.theAmericanpeopleB?theFrenchpeopleC?theboxcarsD?thegifts()4?TheFrenchpeoplepaintedtheir40provi