ProhibitionintheUS美國禁酒課件

ProhibitionintheU.S.1920-1933ProhibitionintheU.S.ProhibitionintheU.S.1920-191DefinitionProhibitionintheUnitedStates,sometimesreferredtoastheNobleExperiment,wasanationalbanonthemanufacture,transportationandsaleofalcoholandalcoholicbeverages,inplacefrom1920to1933.ProhibitionintheU.S.DefinitionProhibitionintheU2LegislationsProhibitionintheU.S.EighteenthAmendment

January16,1919VolsteadAct

January17,1920Twenty-firstAmendmentDecember5,1933LegislationsProhibitioninthe3BackgroundsProhibitionintheU.S.TemperanceMovementWorldWarIImpactsBackgroundsProhibitioninthe4TemperanceMovementAtemperancemovementisasocialmovementurgingreduceduseofalcoholicbeverages.Temperancemovementsmaycriticizeexcessivealcoholuse,promotecompleteabstinence(teetotalism),orpressurethegovernmenttoenactanti-alcohollegislationorcompleteprohibitionofalcohol.ProhibitionintheU.S.TemperanceMovementAtemperanc5BackgroundsofTemperanceMovementSocialEconomicchangeandurbanizationaccompaniedbyincreasingpovertyRelaxedordinances,andrisingalcoholproblemsReligiousWhilealcoholwasagiftfromGod,itsabusewasfromtheDevil.DrunkennesswascondemnedandpunishedMedicalDr.BenjaminRush'sbeliefthattheexcessiveuseofalcoholwasinjurioustophysicalandpsychologicalhealthProhibitionintheU.S.BackgroundsofTemperanceMove6Developmentabout200farmersinaConnecticutcommunityformedatemperanceassociationin1789Nextdecade,eightstates,somestate-wideorganizations.Late1900s,mostProtestant&CatholicChurchsupportofthemovementtolimitthesaleandconsumptionofalcoholicbeverages.AmericanTemperanceSocietyWoman'sChristianTemperanceUnion(WCTU)ProhibitionintheU.S.corruption,prostitution,spousalabuseandothercriminalactivities!Developmentabout200farmersi7ChangeofPoliticalClimateProhibitionintheU.S.Outbreakofanti-GermansentimentGrainandotheringredientsusedinthemanufacturingofbeerandhardliquorwereneededforthewareffort.Alcohol=temptationChangeofPoliticalClimatePro8ProhibitionintheU.S.ProhibitionintheU.S.9ProhibitionintheU.S.ProhibitionintheU.S.10EighteenthAmendmentTheEighteenthAmendmentwastheresultofdecadesofeffortbytemperancemovements,consideredthecrowningachievement.Atthetimeitwasgenerallyregardedasaprogressiveamendment,butitsoonprovedhighlyunpopular.ProhibitionintheU.S.EighteenthAmendmentTheEighte11

TextoftheEighteenthAmendmentSection1.Afteroneyearfromtheratificationofthisarticlethemanufacture,sale,ortransportationofintoxicatingliquorswithin,theimportationthereofinto,ortheexportationthereoffromtheUnitedStatesandallterritorysubjecttothejurisdictionthereofforbeveragepurposesisherebyprohibited.Section2.TheCongressandtheseveralStatesshallhaveconcurrentpowertoenforcethisarticlebyappropriatelegislation.Section3.ThisarticleshallbeinoperativeunlessitshallhavebeenratifiedasanamendmenttotheConstitutionbyconventionsintheseveralStates,asprovidedintheConstitution,withinsevenyearsfromthedateofthesubmissionhereoftotheStatesbytheCongressProhibitionintheU.S.

TextoftheEighteenthAmend12VolsteadActWhiletheEighteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitutionprohibitedtheproduction,sale,andtransportof"intoxicatingliquors",itdidnotdefine"intoxicatingliquors"orprovidepenalties.Itgrantedboththefederalgovernmentandthestatesthepowertoenforcethebanby"appropriatelegislation."TodefinethelanguageusedintheAmendment,CongressenactedenablinglegislationcalledtheNationalProhibitionAct,betterknownastheVolsteadAct,onOctober28,1919.ProhibitionintheU.S.VolsteadActWhiletheEighteen133DistinctPurposesoftheActtoprohibitintoxicatingbeveragestoregulatethemanufacture,sale,ortransportofintoxicatingliquor(butnotconsumption)toensureanamplesupplyofalcoholandpromoteitsuseinscientificresearchandinthedevelopmentoffuel,dyeandotherlawfulindustriesandpractices,suchasreligiousrituals.ProhibitionintheU.S.Whichmeanspeoplecandrinkathome.Manypeoplehadstoredalcoholbeforehand!3DistinctPurposesoftheAct14Detroitpoliceinspectingequipmentfoundinaclandestineundergroundbrewery.ProhibitionintheU.S.Detroitpoliceinspectingequi15ProhibitionintheU.S.ProhibitionintheU.S.16Confused?ProhibitionintheU.S.TheEighteenthAmendmentoftheConstitutionestablishedProhibitionintheUnitedStates.Theseparate

VolsteadAct

setdownmethodsofenforcingtheEighteenthAmendment,anddefinedwhich"intoxicatingliquors"wereprohibited,andwhichwereexcludedfromprohibition(forexample,formedicalandreligiouspurposes)Confused?ProhibitionintheU.17ProhibitionTemperanceMovementWWIImpactsOthersProhibitionintheU.S.?ProhibitionTemperanceMovement18BetterWorld??NO!!OrganizedCrimesTaxEvasionCorruptionProhibitionintheU.S.BetterWorld??NO!!Organized19Bootlegging(rumrunners):thepracticeofhidingflasksofillegalliquorinsidebootsHugeprofitsdistributingproductstospeakeasies&consumersanorganizedbusinessrunbycrimefamiliesandgangstersstrongerliquorsurgedinformoreprofitablesmugglingGangstersOrganizedcrimetookcontrolofthedistributionofalcoholViolenceinrivalswithopposinggangsProhibitionintheU.S.transnational,national,orlocalgroupingsofhighlycentralizedenterprisesrunby

criminals

forthepurposeofengaginginillegalactivity,mostcommonlyfor

monetary

profit.

Bootlegging(rumrunners):the20Corruptionextendedamonglawenforcementofficialsgangsrichenoughtobribeunderpaidandunderstaffedlaw-enforcementpersonnelandpayforexpensivelawyers,sometimesracketeeringTaxBy1930,becauseenforcementdiminishedthesupply,theaveragedrinkinganAmericanspentperyearhadincreasedfrom$17to$35per,resultinginanillegalalcoholbeverageindustrythatmadeanaverageof$3billionperyearinillegaluntaxedincome.ExpensesProhibitionintheU.S.Inthefirstyear,Congressappropriated$6,350,000.By1923,thesecretaryoftreasurywasaskingfor$28,500,000andafewyearslater,itwasestimatedthatatleast$300,000,000wouldbeneeded.Corruptionextendedamonglawe21SpeakeasyAspeakeasy,alsocalledablindpigorblindtiger,isanestablishmentthatillegallysellsalcoholicbeverages.Theoperatorofanestablishment(suchasasaloonorbar)wouldchargecustomerstoseeanattraction(suchasananimal)andthenservea"complimentary"alcoholicbeverage,thuscircumventingthelaw.1925,NewYork,30,000to100,000ProhibitionintheU.S.SpeakeasyAspeakeasy,alsocal22ProhibitionintheU.S.TheMayflowerClubwasconsideredtheswankiestspeakeasyinWashington,DC.Itofferedliquorandgambling.NewYork's21ClubwasaProhibition-eraspeakeasy.ProhibitionintheU.S.TheMay23ThencametheGreatDepression.SoaringunemploymentrateGovernmentwasinneedofmoretaxrevenueMoneyspentonenforcingthelawwentintopocketsofgangsProhibitionintheU.S.ThencametheGreatDepression24Strongvoicesforrepeal.ProhibitionAmendmentXVIIIVolsteadActImpactsBootleggingGangstersOrganizedcrimeCorruptionTaxEvasionViolenceHugeexpenseGreatDepression……….RepealAmendmentXXIProhibitionintheU.S.Strongvoicesforrepeal.Prohi25RepealOnMarch23,1933,PresidentFranklinRooseveltsignedanamendmenttothe“VolsteadAct”knownastheCullen-HarrisonAct,allowingthemanufactureandsaleof"3.2beer"(3.2%alcoholbyweight,approximately4%alcoholbyvolume)andlightwines.OnDecember5,1933,theTwenty-firstAmendmentwasratified.ProhibitionintheU.S.JingyuChen,XJTURepealOnMarch23,1933,Presi26TextoftheTwenty-firstAmendmentSection1.TheeighteentharticleofamendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesisherebyrepealed.Section2.ThetransportationorimportationintoanyState,Territory,orpossessionoftheUnitedStatesfordeliveryorusethereinofintoxicatingliquors,inviolationofthelawsthereof,isherebyprohibited.Section3.ThisarticleshallbeinoperativeunlessitshallhavebeenratifiedasanamendmenttotheConstitutionbyconventionsintheseveralStates,asprovidedintheConstitution,withinsevenyearsfromthedateofthesubmissionhereoftotheStatesbytheCongressProhibitionintheU.S.JingyuChen,XJTUTheonlyinstanceinUnitedStateshistoryofrepealofaconstitutionalamendment.Somestatescontinuedtoenforceprohibitionlaws.TextoftheTwenty-firstAmend27ProhibitionintheU.S.ProhibitionintheU.S.28Itwasafailure.AttheendofProhibition,somesupportersopenlyadmitteditsfailure.Aletterwrittenin1932byJohnD.Rockefeller,Jr.——“WhenProhibitionwasintroduced,Ihopedthatitwouldbewidelysupportedbypublicopinionandthedaywouldsooncomewhentheevileffectsofalcoholwouldberecognized.Ihaveslowlyandreluctantlycometobelievethatthishasnotbeentheresult.Instead,drinkinghasgenerallyincreased;thespeakeasyhasreplacedthesaloon;avastarmyoflawbreakershasappeared;manyofourbestcitizenshaveopenlyignoredProhibition;respectforthelawhasbeengreatlylessened;andcrimehasincreasedtoalevelneverseenbefore.”ProhibitionintheU.S.Itwasafailure.Attheendof29Anythingpositive?Yes!ProhibitionhadanotableeffectonthealcoholbrewingindustryintheUnitedStates.Thepost-ProhibitionperiodsawtheintroductionoftheAmericanlager(貯藏啤酒),whichdominatestoday.ProhibitiondestroyedthefledglingwineindustryintheUnitedStates.Productivewinequalitygrapevineswerereplacedbylowerqualityvinesgrowingthickerskinnedgrapesthatcouldbemoreeasilytransported.ProhibitionalsohadalargeeffectonthemusicindustryintheUnitedStates,specificallywithjazz.Becauseofitspopularityinspeakeasiesandthedevelopmentofmoreadvancedrecordingdevices,jazzbecameverypopularveryfast.ProhibitionintheU.S.Anythingpositive?Yes!Prohib30SaveaLittleDramForMe(spoken)Inthemiddleofthesermon,ParsonJohnsonroseandstartedsniffingtheair.Therewasapeculiarsmelltricklin’uptheparson’snose.Thattoldhimthatginwas‘roundsomewhere.AndheclosedhisBiblegentlyinthemiddleofthepsalmandstartedfigurin’mentallywherethatsmellwascomingfrom.Hiseyesscannedeverypew,andthenhediddeclare,hesays“Iannouncethismeetin’through…(sung)…untilyoukickinwithmyshare.”O(jiān)hBretherenifyouwantmorepreachin’Savealittledramforme.GloryhallelujahWhydrinkin’ginain’tagainstmyteachin’.ProhibitionintheU.S.

31ProhibitionintheU.S.(spoken)Fromthisheresmellit’sveryplaintoseeThatsomebodyhere’sbeenholdingoutonme.

(sung)ForBretherenifyouwantmorepreachin’Savealittledramforme.

(spoken)Nowwhentheypassedthebonedrylaw,IwastheveryfirsttosaythatitneverwouldstayAndneitherdidIthinkthelawcouldregulateourthirst.That’swhyI’vegotsomestoredaway.Nowsinceprohibition’sgotusdrinksisfewandfarbetween.Ofallthestingybrothersyou’retheworstI’veeverseen.ButIinsistonmyshare.ProhibitionintheU.S.(spoken32經常不斷地學習,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有力量StudyConstantly,AndYouWillKnowEverything.TheMoreYouKnow,TheMorePowerfulYouWillBe寫在最后經常不斷地學習,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有力量寫33ThankYou在別人的演說中思考，在自己的故事里成長ThinkingInOtherPeople‘SSpeeches，GrowingUpInYourOwnStory講師：XXXXXXXX年XX月XX日ThankYou34ProhibitionintheU.S.1920-1933ProhibitionintheU.S.ProhibitionintheU.S.1920-1935DefinitionProhibitionintheUnitedStates,sometimesreferredtoastheNobleExperiment,wasanationalbanonthemanufacture,transportationandsaleofalcoholandalcoholicbeverages,inplacefrom1920to1933.ProhibitionintheU.S.DefinitionProhibitionintheU36LegislationsProhibitionintheU.S.EighteenthAmendment

January16,1919VolsteadAct

January17,1920Twenty-firstAmendmentDecember5,1933LegislationsProhibitioninthe37BackgroundsProhibitionintheU.S.TemperanceMovementWorldWarIImpactsBackgroundsProhibitioninthe38TemperanceMovementAtemperancemovementisasocialmovementurgingreduceduseofalcoholicbeverages.Temperancemovementsmaycriticizeexcessivealcoholuse,promotecompleteabstinence(teetotalism),orpressurethegovernmenttoenactanti-alcohollegislationorcompleteprohibitionofalcohol.ProhibitionintheU.S.TemperanceMovementAtemperanc39BackgroundsofTemperanceMovementSocialEconomicchangeandurbanizationaccompaniedbyincreasingpovertyRelaxedordinances,andrisingalcoholproblemsReligiousWhilealcoholwasagiftfromGod,itsabusewasfromtheDevil.DrunkennesswascondemnedandpunishedMedicalDr.BenjaminRush'sbeliefthattheexcessiveuseofalcoholwasinjurioustophysicalandpsychologicalhealthProhibitionintheU.S.BackgroundsofTemperanceMove40Developmentabout200farmersinaConnecticutcommunityformedatemperanceassociationin1789Nextdecade,eightstates,somestate-wideorganizations.Late1900s,mostProtestant&CatholicChurchsupportofthemovementtolimitthesaleandconsumptionofalcoholicbeverages.AmericanTemperanceSocietyWoman'sChristianTemperanceUnion(WCTU)ProhibitionintheU.S.corruption,prostitution,spousalabuseandothercriminalactivities!Developmentabout200farmersi41ChangeofPoliticalClimateProhibitionintheU.S.Outbreakofanti-GermansentimentGrainandotheringredientsusedinthemanufacturingofbeerandhardliquorwereneededforthewareffort.Alcohol=temptationChangeofPoliticalClimatePro42ProhibitionintheU.S.ProhibitionintheU.S.43ProhibitionintheU.S.ProhibitionintheU.S.44EighteenthAmendmentTheEighteenthAmendmentwastheresultofdecadesofeffortbytemperancemovements,consideredthecrowningachievement.Atthetimeitwasgenerallyregardedasaprogressiveamendment,butitsoonprovedhighlyunpopular.ProhibitionintheU.S.EighteenthAmendmentTheEighte45

TextoftheEighteenthAmendmentSection1.Afteroneyearfromtheratificationofthisarticlethemanufacture,sale,ortransportationofintoxicatingliquorswithin,theimportationthereofinto,ortheexportationthereoffromtheUnitedStatesandallterritorysubjecttothejurisdictionthereofforbeveragepurposesisherebyprohibited.Section2.TheCongressandtheseveralStatesshallhaveconcurrentpowertoenforcethisarticlebyappropriatelegislation.Section3.ThisarticleshallbeinoperativeunlessitshallhavebeenratifiedasanamendmenttotheConstitutionbyconventionsintheseveralStates,asprovidedintheConstitution,withinsevenyearsfromthedateofthesubmissionhereoftotheStatesbytheCongressProhibitionintheU.S.

TextoftheEighteenthAmend46VolsteadActWhiletheEighteenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitutionprohibitedtheproduction,sale,andtransportof"intoxicatingliquors",itdidnotdefine"intoxicatingliquors"orprovidepenalties.Itgrantedboththefederalgovernmentandthestatesthepowertoenforcethebanby"appropriatelegislation."TodefinethelanguageusedintheAmendment,CongressenactedenablinglegislationcalledtheNationalProhibitionAct,betterknownastheVolsteadAct,onOctober28,1919.ProhibitionintheU.S.VolsteadActWhiletheEighteen473DistinctPurposesoftheActtoprohibitintoxicatingbeveragestoregulatethemanufacture,sale,ortransportofintoxicatingliquor(butnotconsumption)toensureanamplesupplyofalcoholandpromoteitsuseinscientificresearchandinthedevelopmentoffuel,dyeandotherlawfulindustriesandpractices,suchasreligiousrituals.ProhibitionintheU.S.Whichmeanspeoplecandrinkathome.Manypeoplehadstoredalcoholbeforehand!3DistinctPurposesoftheAct48Detroitpoliceinspectingequipmentfoundinaclandestineundergroundbrewery.ProhibitionintheU.S.Detroitpoliceinspectingequi49ProhibitionintheU.S.ProhibitionintheU.S.50Confused?ProhibitionintheU.S.TheEighteenthAmendmentoftheConstitutionestablishedProhibitionintheUnitedStates.Theseparate

VolsteadAct

setdownmethodsofenforcingtheEighteenthAmendment,anddefinedwhich"intoxicatingliquors"wereprohibited,andwhichwereexcludedfromprohibition(forexample,formedicalandreligiouspurposes)Confused?ProhibitionintheU.51ProhibitionTemperanceMovementWWIImpactsOthersProhibitionintheU.S.?ProhibitionTemperanceMovement52BetterWorld??NO!!OrganizedCrimesTaxEvasionCorruptionProhibitionintheU.S.BetterWorld??NO!!Organized53Bootlegging(rumrunners):thepracticeofhidingflasksofillegalliquorinsidebootsHugeprofitsdistributingproductstospeakeasies&consumersanorganizedbusinessrunbycrimefamiliesandgangstersstrongerliquorsurgedinformoreprofitablesmugglingGangstersOrganizedcrimetookcontrolofthedistributionofalcoholViolenceinrivalswithopposinggangsProhibitionintheU.S.transnational,national,orlocalgroupingsofhighlycentralizedenterprisesrunby

criminals

forthepurposeofengaginginillegalactivity,mostcommonlyfor

monetary

profit.

Bootlegging(rumrunners):the54Corruptionextendedamonglawenforcementofficialsgangsrichenoughtobribeunderpaidandunderstaffedlaw-enforcementpersonnelandpayforexpensivelawyers,sometimesracketeeringTaxBy1930,becauseenforcementdiminishedthesupply,theaveragedrinkinganAmericanspentperyearhadincreasedfrom$17to$35per,resultinginanillegalalcoholbeverageindustrythatmadeanaverageof$3billionperyearinillegaluntaxedincome.ExpensesProhibitionintheU.S.Inthefirstyear,Congressappropriated$6,350,000.By1923,thesecretaryoftreasurywasaskingfor$28,500,000andafewyearslater,itwasestimatedthatatleast$300,000,000wouldbeneeded.Corruptionextendedamonglawe55SpeakeasyAspeakeasy,alsocalledablindpigorblindtiger,isanestablishmentthatillegallysellsalcoholicbeverages.Theoperatorofanestablishment(suchasasaloonorbar)wouldchargecustomerstoseeanattraction(suchasananimal)andthenservea"complimentary"alcoholicbeverage,thuscircumventingthelaw.1925,NewYork,30,000to100,000ProhibitionintheU.S.SpeakeasyAspeakeasy,alsocal56ProhibitionintheU.S.TheMayflowerClubwasconsideredtheswankiestspeakeasyinWashington,DC.Itofferedliquorandgambling.NewYork's21ClubwasaProhibition-eraspeakeasy.ProhibitionintheU.S.TheMay57ThencametheGreatDepression.SoaringunemploymentrateGovernmentwasinneedofmoretaxrevenueMoneyspentonenforcingthelawwentintopocketsofgangsProhibitionintheU.S.ThencametheGreatDepression58Strongvoicesforrepeal.ProhibitionAmendmentXVIIIVolsteadActImpactsBootleggingGangstersOrganizedcrimeCorruptionTaxEvasionViolenceHugeexpenseGreatDepression……….RepealAmendmentXXIProhibitionintheU.S.Strongvoicesforrepeal.Prohi59RepealOnMarch23,1933,PresidentFranklinRooseveltsignedanamendmenttothe“VolsteadAct”knownastheCullen-HarrisonAct,allowingthemanufactureandsaleof"3.2beer"(3.2%alcoholbyweight,approximately4%alcoholbyvolume)andlightwines.OnDecember5,1933,theTwenty-firstAmendmentwasratified.ProhibitionintheU.S.JingyuChen,XJTURepealOnMarch23,1933,Presi60TextoftheTwenty-firstAmendmentSection1.TheeighteentharticleofamendmenttotheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesisherebyrepealed.Section2.ThetransportationorimportationintoanyState,Territory,orpossessionoftheUnitedStatesfordeliveryorusethereinofintoxicatingliquors,inviolationofthelawsthereof,isherebyprohibited.Section3.ThisarticleshallbeinoperativeunlessitshallhavebeenratifiedasanamendmenttotheConstitutionbyconventionsintheseveralStates,asprovidedintheConstitution,withinsevenyearsfromthedateofthesubmissionhereoftotheStatesbytheCongressProhibitionintheU.S.JingyuChen,XJTUTheonlyinstanceinUnitedStateshistoryofrepealofaconstitutionalamendment.Somestatescontinuedtoenforceprohibitionlaws.TextoftheTwenty-firstAmend61ProhibitionintheU.S.ProhibitionintheU.S.62Itwasafailure.AttheendofProhibition,somesupportersopenlyadmitteditsfailure.Aletterwrittenin1932byJohnD.Rockefeller,Jr.——“WhenProhibitionwasintroduced,Ihopedthatitwouldbewidelysupportedbypublicopinionandthedaywouldsooncomewhentheevileffectsofalcoholwouldberecognized.Ihaveslowlyandreluctantlycometobelievethatthishasnotbeentheresult.Instead,drinkinghasgenerallyincreased;thespeakeasyhasreplacedthesaloon;avastarmyoflawbreakershasappeared;manyofourbestcitizenshaveopenlyignoredProhibition;respectforthelawhasbeengreatlylessened;andcrimehasincreased