人教版初二(下)英語第18講：unit9語法篇

Unit9語法篇參大腦體操〕爭(zhēng)作業(yè)完成褊況）參教學(xué)目標(biāo)）學(xué)生通過本講學(xué)習(xí)，能夠掌握本單元的重點(diǎn)語法，并在綜合能力上有一定的拓展。第趣鄉(xiāng)引天）鄉(xiāng)知識(shí)梳連現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（PresentPerfectTense）（1）表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果?！狪t'ssodark.太黑了?！猄omeonehasturnedoffthelight.有人把燈關(guān)上了。（2）表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+—段時(shí)間，since+時(shí)間段+ego,sofar等時(shí)間狀語連用。Eg.Ihavelivedherefortenyears.我已經(jīng)住在這里10年了。（從10年前開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還住這兒）Eg.Ihavelivedheresince2003.自從2003年我就住在這兒。（從2003年開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還住這兒）（3）基本結(jié)構(gòu)及句型轉(zhuǎn)換：主語+have/has+過去分詞（done）（當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)has,其余人稱用have。）肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他Ihavefinishedmyhomework.（肯定句）否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他Ihavenotfinishedmyhomework.（否定句）一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他—Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?—Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't,（—般疑問句及肯定、否定回答）（4）hasgone（to）,hasbeen（to）,hasbeen（in）的區(qū)另UHave/Hasgone（to）:去了（現(xiàn)在不在說話現(xiàn)場(chǎng)）Eg.---Whereisyourfather?---HehasgonetoShanghai.Have/Hasbeen（to）:去過（已不在去過的地方）Eg.MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai.Have/hasbeenin：呆了多久（還在所呆的地方）Eg.MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths.=MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaisincetwomonthsago.（5）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志：常與just,already,yet,ever,never,before,sofar等連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成，不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。HaveyoueverbeentoJapan?Ihavejustfinishedmyhomework.for+時(shí)間段；since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)；since+段時(shí)間ago；since+一般過去時(shí)的句子。Theyhaveknowneachotherforfiveyears.Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.（6）動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞的變化規(guī)則變化：1.一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾直接加edo如：pickfpickedfpicked;wishfwishedfwished;stayfstayedfstayed以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后面加do如：likeflikedfliked;hopefhopedfhoped;phonefphonedfphoned以一輔音字母+yII結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i,再加-ed。如：studyfstudiedfstudied;hurryfhurriedfhurried;replyfrepliedfreplied詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，要雙寫輔音字母，再加-edo如：stopfstoppedfstopped;clapfclappedfclapped不規(guī)則變化：以不變應(yīng)萬變。如：letfletflet;putfputfput;readfreadfread若中間有雙寫e,則去掉一個(gè)e,單詞末尾再加to如：feelffeltffelt;keepfkeptfkept;sleepfsleptfslept結(jié)尾的字母d變to如：lendflentflent;buildfbuiltfbuilt;sendfsentfsent變?yōu)橐?ought或-aught結(jié)尾。如：buyfboughtfbought;bringfbroughtfbrought;catchfcaughtfcaught;teachftaughtftaught特色講解）1．——Haveyouevertoazoo?——Yes,butonlyonce.IvisitedBeijingZoolastyear.goneB.beenC.visitedD.seen解析：因?yàn)榛卮鹗侨ミ^一次，故應(yīng)該問去過幾次，用搭配havebeento,故選Bo2．TheytoTibetmanytimes.areB.wereC.havebeenD.hadbeen解析：因?yàn)楹竺媸莔anytimes，用搭配havebeento,故選C。NeithermysisternorIbeentoAmericabefore.A.haveeverB.haveneverC.haseverD.hasnever解析：題意為我和我姐姐以前都沒去過美國(guó)，因?yàn)榍懊嬉呀?jīng)有neither。nor,同時(shí)因?yàn)槠渚徒瓌t,故選B。---我從來沒有去過新圖書館。---我也沒有。---Ihavetothenewlibrary.

---I.解析：從沒去過應(yīng)為haveneverbeento,我也沒有的的回答應(yīng)為neitherhaveI.以前我從來沒讀過這么好笑的故事。Ineverafunnystorylikethis.解析：因?yàn)榇祟}的標(biāo)志詞為never，故為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故答案為：Ihaveneverread基礎(chǔ)演練一、單項(xiàng)選擇A.meetB.willmeetC.havemetD.met2.---Look!Somebody解析：因?yàn)榇祟}的標(biāo)志詞為never，故為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故答案為：Ihaveneverread基礎(chǔ)演練一、單項(xiàng)選擇A.meetB.willmeetC.havemetD.met2.---Look!Somebodythesofa.---Well,itwasn'tme.Ididn'tdoit.A.iscleaningB.wascleaningC.hascleanedD.hadcleaned1.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.Iherseveraltimes.---Sorry,hehasShanghai.A.beeninB.beentoC.gonetoD.cometo3.---Hello!ThisisHenrySpeaking.I'dliketospeaktoyourfather.4.---Haveyoueverbeenanywhereforatrip?---Atrip?Iawayfrommyhometownevenonce.A.wentB.havegoneC.havebeenD.haveneverbeenyoueverreadEnglishnewspapers?------No,I.A.Do;doB.Do;have---IsthisyourfirsttimetoXinjiang?---No,Ihereseveraltimes.A.havegoneB.haven'tgone---HowwelldoyouknowtheOperaHouse?---Iknowtheplaceverywell.IC.Have;haveD.Have;haven'tC.havebeenD.haven'tbeenSydneymanytimes.A.havebeeninhavebeentoA.havebeeninhavebeentoC.havegonetoC.havegonetoD.havearrivedin&---Ican'tfindmywatch.youitanywhere,Mum?---No,never.Look!What'sthatunderyourbook?A.Have;seenB.Had;seenC.Do;seeD.Did;seeTomhasn'tbeentoItaly,buthehasbeentoAmerica.HereturnedfromNewYorkCity.A.already;yet;justA.already;yet;justalready;never;just---WhereisFrank?---Hethepostoffice.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoyet;already;justyet;already;neverhasgoneD.hasbeen你去過北京香山嗎？youtoMountXianginBeijing?我已經(jīng)把它寫在這張紙上了。I'veitonthispieceofpaperalready.我聽說你父母到北京出差去了?IhearyourparentsBeijing---你去過說英語的國(guó)家嗎?---沒有去過。---youeverEnglish-speakingcountries?---No,I.他去了上海一個(gè)星期了,下周就回來。HeShanghaiforaweekandhewillbebacknextweek.答案一、單項(xiàng)選擇C2.C3.C4.D5.DC7.B8.A9.B10.A二、翻譯（根據(jù)中文提示完成句子）Have,everbeenwritten,downhavegoneto;onbusinessHave;beento;haven'thasbeenin鞏固提高1.我已經(jīng)參觀過很多博物館。Imanymuseums.---你學(xué)過德語嗎？---是的。---youeverGerman?---Yes,Ihave.ShehaseverbeentoIndia.（改為一般疑問句）sheevertoIndia?ItisbesttovisitSingaporeinautumn.（改為同義句）ThebestseasonSingaporeisautumn.Ihavealreadyhadsomeplans.（改為否定句）Ihadplans.She'snevervisitedthesciencemuseum.（改為反義疑問句）She'snevervisitedthesciencemuseum,?havealreadyvisitedHave,learned/studiedHas,beentovisithaven't,any,yethasshe

一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.LucytoBeijingthreetimes.A.hasgoneB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.went2.---Ihavereadthestory.---Whenyoureadit?A.willB.didC.haveD.had3.---WhereisMr.Black?---HetoEnglandforameeting.A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wentD.hasgone4.---heevertoBeijing?---Yes,hetherelastyear.A.Has;been;goesB.Did;go;hasgoneC.Has;been;wentD.Will;go;hasbeen5.---theyeverthere?---No,never.A.Have;beenB.Have;wereC.Have;beingD.Has;been二、按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型I'vebeentheretwice.（改為一般疑問句）youtheretwice?Hassheeverbeentothespacemuseum?（作否定回答）,she.TheyhavebeentoFrance.（改為否定句）TheytoFrance.---?（根據(jù)答語寫出問句）---No,I'veneverbeentoAmerica.Hello!MayIspeaktoJim?（用Shanghai作出回答）Sorry,heisn'tin..三、完形填空Therearetwogreatestcitiesintheworld.OneisBeijing,11isParis.HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing,thecapitalofChina?TheGreens12toBeijingmanytimes.Lastsummervacation,they13thereagain.Theyenjoyed14there.They've15manygreatplaces.Duringthefirsttwodays,theywenttoTian'anmenSquare.Itisverylargeandtherearemanypeople16photosthere.Next,theywenttoBeihaiPark.Theywent17thereandhadaboatracewithothervisitors.Theyhadagreattimethere.TheGreatWallisoneofthe18placesof19intheworld.TheyclimbedtheGreatWallforthewholeday.ThereweresomanypeopleontheGreatWall.TheGreensweresoexcited20theytooklotsofpicturesthere.Forthelasttwodays,theywenttotheSummerPalace.HowbeautifulBeijingis!TheywillcomebacktoBeijingagainnextsummer!11.A.otherB.anotherC.theotherD.others12.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.havegoneD.havebeen13.A.willgoB.wentC.havegoneD.aregoing14.A.themB.oneselfC.themselvesD.himself15.A.visitsB.visitedC.visitingD.visit16.A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.took17.A.boatB.boatingC.toboatingD.toboat18.A.morefamousB.famousC.mostfamousD.themostfamous19.A.interestB.interestsC.interestingD.interested20.A.thatB.enoughC.thisD.it四、閱讀理解WhenyouvisitTaiwan,GreenIslandisawonderfulplacenottobemissed.GreenIsland,withclearbluewateraroundit,isanislandinthePacificOcean,33kilometerseastofTaitung.TheoldnameforGreenIslandwasHuoshandao,meaning"fire-burningisland".Theislandgotitsnamebecausepeopleontheislandusedtosetupfiresatnighttohelppeoplewhowentfishinghome.AnotherstorygoesthatintheQingDynastytherewasafireandmostoftheisland'streesandgrassdied.Thecoastline（海岸）oftheislandisonly20kilometerslong,thetallestmountainisonly281metershighandtheislandisonly15km2,butitisattracting（吸弓丨）agrowingnumberoftourists.GreenIslandhasalotofinterestingthatmakesitaplacewherepeopleliketogo:seaside,aclearwhitebeach,greengrasslands,seawater,hotsprings,beautifulunderseasights,andagreatmanyplantsandanimals.AnotherthingofGreenIslandthatpeopleareinterestedinisitsrocksindifferentshapes."SleepingBeauty"and"PekineseDog"arethetwomoststrangelyshapedones.Therearealsootherinterestswithonecannotmiss.Thegreenhills,bluesea,clearsky,andoceangentlewindsmakea"must"foryou.21.FromthearticleweknowGreenIslandis.A.verylargeB.281meterslongC.intheIndianOceanD.33kilometersfromTaitungAccordingtothetwostories,peopleontheGreenIslandusedto.A.meetalotofvisitorsB.setfiretogetwarmC.makealivingbyfishingD.cutdowntoomanytreesandgrassThesight"PekineseDog"isonGreenIsland.acutelivingdogB.arocklikeadogC.adog-shapedplantD.adogof"SleepingBeauty"ThelastpassageismainlyabouttheofGreenIsland.sightsB.historyC.peopleD.culture答案一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.C2.B3.D4.C5.A二、按要求轉(zhuǎn)換句型Have,beenNo,hasn'thaven'tbeenHaveyou(ever)beentoAmericaHehasgonetoShanghai三、完形填空11.C12.D13.B14.C15.B16.C17.B18.C19.A20.A四、閱讀理解21.D22.C23.B24.A理》家庭作業(yè)北京四中初二下期中考試AAnewplanetmorelikeEarthwasdiscoveredandregardedasalikelyfuturehomeforhuman.Theplanetcontainsbothlandandwaterwithaveragetemperaturesaround22°C.Itis600lightyearsfromEarth.Thereare290daysayearontheplanet.AFrenchcompanywantstochangetheEiffelTowerintoaverytallandgrowingChristmastreemadeof600,000plants.TheEiffelTowerisdecorated（裝飾）with10,000lightbulbsandattracts（吸引）7millionvisitorsayear.Wow,whatanight!TheeveninggotofftoafunstartwithStevenHall.RonanParketookonKellyClarkson'sBecauseofYou.JaiMcDowallfinallywonbecauseofhiswonderfulperformance.36.Thenewplanet.A.mighthave365daysayearB.hasnowaterC.mightbeafuturehomeforhumanD.hasbadweather37.willmaketheEiffelTowerbecomeabigtree.A.1000lightbulbsB.600,000plantsC.600lightyearsD.7millionvisitors38.wasthewinnerofBritain'sGotTalent2011.A.StevenHallB.RonanParkeC.KellyClarksonD.JaiMcDowallBWhenIwas14,Ileftschoolwithlearningdisabilitiesanddecidedtosurfthebiggestwavesintheworld,firstinCaliforniaandtheninHawaii.Onemorning,Imetanoldman,abum（流浪漢），onthestreetcorner.HeaskedmeifIwasrunningawayfromhome.Itoldhim,"Notexactly,sir."Aftertalkingawhile,hetoldmethathehadsomethingtoshowmeandsharewithme.WewalkedseveralblocksuntilwecameuponthedowntownPublicLibrary.Thebumaskedmetositdownandwaitforamoment.Laterhereturnedwithsomebooks,andthensaid,"Iwanttoteachyoutwothings.Numberoneisnevertojudgeabookbyitscover.foracoverfoolsyou.I'llbetyouthinkI'mabum,don'tyou?"Isaid,"Iguessso,sir.""Well,youngman,I'vegotalittlesurpriseforyou.Iamoneofthewealthiestmenintheworld.Butayearago,mywifepassedaway.IrealizedtherewerecertainthingsIhadnotyetexperiencedinlife,oneofwhichwaswhatitwouldbeliketolivelikeabumonthestreets.ForthepastyearIhavebeengoingfromcitytocitydoingjustthat."Numbertwoistolearnhowtoread,forthereisonlyonethingthatpeoplecan'ttakeawayfromyou,andthatisyourwisdom."Atthatmoment,hegavemethebookshe'dpulledfromtheshelves.Hispartingrequestwasformetoneverforgetwhathetaughtme.Ihaveremembereduntiltoday.Theboywhenhewas14.likedrunningB.leftschoolC.didwellinstudyD.traveledaroundtheworldWhichofthefollowingistrue?TheoldmantooktheboyhomeTheoldmanwashomelessandpoorTheoldmanwasfriendlytotheboyTheoldmanandhiswifewentfromcitytocityTheoldmantaughttheboyhowto.A.lovepeopleB.becomewiseC.choosefriendsD.experiencethebum'slifeC.choosefriendsCWanttosavemoneywhentravellingbytrain?Herearesomeways:DayReturnsThisticketcansaveyouupto45%onthestandardfare（費(fèi)用）.YouhavetotravelaftertherushhourperiodMonday-Friday,butcantravelatanytimeonSaturdayorSunday.BigCitySaversThesearespeciallow-pricedticketsoncertaintrains.Youhavetobookinadvance提前）一atthelatestby16:00thedaybeforeyoutravel.It'sfirstcome,firstserved.WeekendReturnsWeekendReturnsareavailable（有售）formosttripsover60miles.GoonFriday,SaturdayorSunday,andreturnthesameweekendonSaturdayorSunday,andsaveupto35%onthestandardfare.MonthlyReturnsTheseareavailableformosttripsover65miles.Goanydayandreturnwithinamonth.Monthlyreturnssaveyouupto25%onthestandardfare.FamilyRailCardFor20poundsthisrailcardallowsyoutotakeasecondadultandupto4childrenforonly3poundseachwhenyoubuysingleorreturntickets.Youcantravelasoftenasyoulikeuntilthecardbecomesoutofdate.Howmanywaysdoesthewritertellustosavemoneywhentravellingbytrain?A.Five.B.Four.C.Three.D.Six.43.BigCitySaversarespeciallow-pricedticketsontrains.A.certainB.returnC.weekendD.all44.MonthlyReturnssaveyouuptoonthestandardfare.A.45%B.35%C.25%D.65%DTheMayan（瑪雅的）IndianslivedinMexicoforthousandsofyearsbeforetheSpanisharrivedinthe1500s.TheMayanachievementsweremany.Theyhadfarms,beautifulpalaces,andcitieswithmanybuildings.TheMayanpeopleknewalotaboutnatureandtheworldaroundthem.Thisknowledgehelpedthemtoliveabetterlifethanmostpeopleofthattime,becausetheycoulduseittomaketheirlivesmorecomfortableandrewarding（值得的）.Knowledgeabouttoolsandfarming,forexample,madetheirworkeasierandmoreproductive.TheMayabelievedinmanygods,includingraingods,sungods,andcorngods.ThepeoplebuiltlargetemplestohonortheMayangods.Skillfulworkersbuiltcitiesaroundthesetemples.Itwasdifficultforthemtobuildthesecities,becausetheyhadnohorsestocarrytheheavystonetheyusedtobuildwith.Workershadtocarryallofthebuildingmaterialsthemselves.Today,manyoftheseancientMayancitiesandtemplesarestillstanding.AlthoughthecitiesthattheMayabuiltwerebeautiful,andthepeopleworkedhardtobuildthem,veryfewofthepeoplelivedinthem.Usually,onlythepriests（牧師）livedinthecities.

Theotherpeoplelivedinsmallvillagesintheforests.Theirhousesweremuchsimplerthantheelaboratebuildingsinthecities.Theylivedinsmallhuts（小屋）withnowindows.Thewallsweremadeofpolescoveredwithdriedmud,andtheroofwasmadeofgrassorleaves.MostMayalivedasimplelifeclosetonature.TheMayanpriestsstudiedtheSun,theMoon,stars,andplanets.Theymadeacalendarfromwhattheylearned.Theyearwasdividedinto18monthsof20dayseachwithfivedaysleftover.TheMayancalendarwasfarmoreexactthantheEuropeancalendarsofthetime.Aroundtheyear800,theMayalefttheirvillagesandbeautifulcities,nevertoreturn.Nooneknowswhythishappened.Theymayhavediedfromsomedisease.Theymayhaveleftbecausethesoilcouldnolongergrowcrops.Archaeologists（考古學(xué)家）arestilltryingtofindthelostsecretsoftheMaya.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"elaborate"mean?A.easilybuiltB.carefullymadeC.slowlyfixedD.quicklydesignedFromthepassagewecaninfer（推理）that.mostMayalivedinbeautifulcitiesmanyMayancitiesandtemplesarestillstandingtheMayawereintelligentandculturallyrichpeopletheMayancalendarwasthesameasEuropeancalendarsWhyitissaidthattheMayanpeoplelivedabetterlifethanmostpeopleofthattime?Theyhadbetterbuildingskillsandhousingconditions.Theybelievedinmanygods,andhonoredtheMayangods.Theyhadknowledgeabouttoolsandfarming.Theystudiedaboutnatureandtheworldaroundthem.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthisarticle?A.MayanGodsMayanBuildingsA.MayanGodsC.ProductiveMayaD.C.ProductiveMayaD.Mysterious（神秘的）Maya四、短文7選5ForgetfulPresidentGeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.49.Butitseemsthatthepresidentwasnotaperfectperson.ANewYorklibraryrecentlyfoundthatWashingtonborrowedtwobooksfromthelibraryin1789.Ifhewerestillalive,hewouldhavetopaythelibrary$300,000infines（罰款），forithasbeenlateforover220years.OnOctober5,1789,GeorgeWashingtonwenttotheNewYorkSocietyLibrary.Hedidn'tsignhisnameintheborrower'sbook.Hejustwrote"President"toshowwhohadtakenthemout.Thetwobooksshouldhavebeenbroughtbackamonthlater,buttheywereneverreturned.Workersatthelibraryrealizedthebooksweremissingwhentheyorganizedthelibrary'soldrecords.TheNewYorkSocietyLibrarydoesn'texpectanyonetopaythefine.52.It'ssaidthathenevertoldalie.Hethenborrowedthebooksfromit.However,hedidn'treturnthemontime.Butithopesthatsomeonewillreturnthebooks.Hekeptthebooks,becausehedidn'tfinishreadingthem.五、閱讀與表達(dá)（問答式）Somechildrenarebornbosses.Theyhaveaneedtomakedecisions,ma