2005年職稱英語考試理工類級試題及答案

2005年英語考試理工類A級試題及答1部分：詞匯選項(1～15115分15141個與畫線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。Thesearetheirmotives TheriverwidensconsiderablyasitbeginstoturnHenrycannotresistthelureofTheseprogrammesareofimmensevaluetooldAgreatdealhasbeendonetoremedytheJohniscollaboratingwithMaryinwritinganHeisdeterminedtoconso1idatehisManyscientistshavebeenprobingpsychologicalHearingproblemsmaybealleviatedbychangesindietandexerciseAllthecarsaretestedfordefectsbeforeleavingtheThefoodisinsufficientforthreeThousandsofpeopleperishedintheButintheendheapprovedofour Foryoungchildren，gettingdressedisacomplicatedInBritainandmanyothercountriesappraisalisnowatoolof2部分：閱讀判斷(16～2217分7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個甸子做出判斷.A涂黑；B涂黑；如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請在答題卡上把C涂黑。MadScientistStereotypeDopeoplestillimagineaphysicistasabeardedmaninglassesorhastheimageofthemadscientistchanged?TheInstituteofPhysicssetouttofindoutwhetherthestereotypeofaphysics‘boffin’(科學家)stillexistsbyconductingasurveyonshoppersinLondon．Thepeoplewereaskedtoidentifythephysicistfromaphotographofaline-upofpossibles．98percentofthoseaskedgotitwrong．ThemajorityofpeoplepickedawhitemaleofaroundglassesandwithawhiteWhilethisstereotypemayhavebeentheimageofallaveragephysicistfiftyyearsago，therealityisnowverydifferentSince1960thenumberofyoungwomenenteringphysicshasdoubledandtheaverageageofaphysicistisnow31．Thestereotypeoftheabsent-mindedscientisthaslastedalongtimebecausethemediaandHollywoodhelppromotetheimageofmeninwhitelabcoatswithglassessittingbyblackboardsfullofequations(等式)orworkingwithfizzing(嘶嘶響)testtubes．Thesestereotypesarereallydamagingtosociety．Verygoodschoolchildrenareputoffstudyingsciencebecausetheydon’tseepeoplelikethemselvesonevisionorinmagazinesngscience．Theysimplydon’trelatetothemedia’simageofthemadscientist．Thisisonereasonwhyfeweryoungpeoplearechoosingtodoscienceatuniversity．Ifwewanttoencouragemoreyoungpeopletostudysciencesubjects，weneedtochangethisimageofthescientistandmakesciencecareersmoreattractive．Butwemustalsodevelopchildren’sinterestinscience．Inanattempttochangethisnegativeimage，anincreasingnumberofsciencefestivalsarebeingorganized．ThousandsofpeoplefromsecondaryschoolsarealsoencouragedtotakepartintheinternationwidesciencecompetitionsofwhichthemostpopulararethenationalscienceOlympiads．WinningnationalteamsthengettheopportunitytotakepartintheInternationalScienceOlympiadswhichareheldinadifferentcountyeveryyear．Theseeventsareallinterestingfortheyoungpeoplewhotakepartbuttheyonlyinvolveasmallproportionofstudentswhoarealreadyinterestedinscience．Itseemsthatisalongwaytogobefore esattractiveassubjectslikecomputerstudiesorfashionandMostpeoplehavesimilarideasofwhataphysicistlookslike．ARight BWrong CNotmentionedThemajorityofphysicistsinBritaintodayareCambridgegraduatesARight BWrong CNotmentionedThemediaandthecinemahaveplayedaroleinpromotingtheimageofthemadscientist．ARight BWrong CNotmentionedTherewillbemorewomenscientiststhanmenscientistsinthefutureARight BWrong CNotmentionedMorechildrenwillstudyscienceifit esmoreattractive．ARight BWrong CNotmentionedTheimageofthemadscientistisreallyencouragingtosociety．ARight BWrong CNotmentionedTheInternationalScienceOlympiadsareheldonceeverytwoyears．ARight BWrong CNotmentioned3部分：概括大意與完成句子(23018分2項測試任務：(1)23~2661～41個正確的小標題；(2)Cloning(克隆)：FutureAcloneisallexactcopyofaplantoranimalproducedfromanyonecell.SinceScottishscientistsreportedthattheyhadmanagedtocloneasheepnamedDollyin1997，researchintocloninghasgrownrapidly．InMay1998，scientistsinMassachusettsmanagedtocreatetwoidenticalcalves(牛犢)usingcloningtechnology．AmousehasalsobeenclonedsuccessfullyButthedebateovercloninghumansreallystartedwhenChicagophysicistRichardSeedmadeasurprisingannouncement：“Wewillhavemanagedtocloneahumanbeingwithinthenexttwoyears，”hetoldtheworld．Seed’Sannouncementprovokedalotofmediaattention，mostofitnegative．InEurope，nineteennationshavealreadysignedanagreementbanninghumancloningandintheUSthe announced：”WewillbeintroducingalawtobanallhumancloningandmanystatesintheUSwillhavepassedanti-cloninglawsbytheendoftheyear．’’Manyresearchersarenotsonegativeaboutcloning，Theyareworriedthatlawsbanninghumancloningwillthreatenimportantresearch．InMarch，TheNewEnglandJournalofMedicinecalledanyplantobanresearchoncloninghumansseriouslymistaken．Manyresearchersalsobelievethatinspiteofattemptstobanit，humancloningwillhave eroutineby2010becauseitisimpossibletostoptheprogressofscience．Istherereasontofearthatcloningwillleadtoanightmareworld?Thepublichasbeenbombarded(轟炸)withnewspaperarticles，evisionshowsandfi，aswellascartoons．Suchinformationisoftenmisleading，andmakespeoplewonderwhatonearththescientistswillbengnext．Withinthenextfivetotenyearsscientistswillprobablyhavefoundawayofcloninghumans.Itcouldbethatprettysoonwewillbeabletochoosethe thatwewantourchildtolooklike．Buthowwoulditfeeltobeacloneamonghundreds，theanti-clonersask．Prettycool,answerthepr-cloners(贊成克隆的人)．4部分：閱讀理解(31～45345分MoreThanaRidetoTheNationalEducationAssociationclaims．“Theschoolbusisamirrorofthecommunity．”Theyfurtheraddthat，unfortunay,whatappearsontheexteriordoesnotalwaysreflecttherealityofachosencommunity．Theyareright--sometimesitreflectsmore!JustaskLieslDenson.RidingtheschoolbushasbeenmorethanaridetoschoolforLiesl．BruceHardy．schoolbusdriverforAlthouseBUSCompanyhasbeenLiesl’sbusdriversincekindergarten．LastyearwhenLiesl’sfamilymovedtoParkesburg，knowingherbuswentbyhernewresidence。sherequestedtoridethesamebusThisyearLieslisaseniorandwillenjoyherlastyearridingthebus．Shesays，”It’sbeenagreatridesofar!MybusdriverissocoolandhasalwaysbeenagoodfriendandagoodlistenerSometimeswhenyou’reachildadultsdonotthinkthatwhatyouhavetosayisimportantM.Hardyalwayslistenstowhatyouhavetosayandmakesyoufeelimportant．”HerfriendsAshleyBatistaandAmandaWolfeagree．BruceHardyhasbeenmakingOctorarastudentsfeelspecialsince1975.Thisyearhewillcelebrate30yearsworkingforAlthouseBusCompany，LarryAlthouse，ofthecompany,acknowledgesBruceHardy’soutstandingrecord：“YoudonotcomebyemployeeslikeBrucethesedays.Hehasnevermissedadayofworkandhasaperfectdrivingrecord．Hewasrecognizedin2000bythePennsylvaniaSchoolBusAssociationfordriving350,000accidentfree．Hardy’sreputationismadefurtherevidentthroughtherelationshipshehasmadewiththestudentsthatridehisbus．”Althousefurtheradds，“AlthouseBusCompanywasestablished70yearsagoandhasbeenprovidingqualitytransportationeversince．Mygrandfatherstartedthebusinesswithonebus．AlthouseBusCompanyisdelightedtohavetheopportunitytobringdistinctiveandsafeservicetoourlocalschoolandcommunityandlooksforwardtocontinuingtoprovidequalityserviceformanymoreyearstocome．”Threegenerationsofbusinessisnotallthecompanyhasenjoyed．ThankstodriverslikeBruceHardy，theyhavebeenbuildingrelationshipsthroughgenerations，Liesl’smotherCarolalsoenjoysfondmemoriesofridingBruceHardy’sbustotheOctoraraSchoolDistrict．Theword“mirror’’inthefirstlinecouldbebestreplacedBruceHardyhasbeenworkingwithAlthouseBusAfor30for70sincelastsinceWhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofBruceAHeispopularwithhisHehasnevermissedadayofHeisanHehasdriven350.000accidentfreeAlthouseBusCompanywasfoundedALarryAshleyAlthouseBusCompanypaysmuchattentionAemployingyoungrunningqualityprovidingfreedrivingbuildingsound第二篇APhoneThatKnowsYou’reIt’samodernproblem：you’retoobusytobedisturbedbyincessant(連續(xù)不斷的)phonecallssoyouturnyouroff.Butifyoudon’tremembertoturnitbackonwhenyou’relessbusy．youcouldmisssomeimportantcallsifonlythephoneknewwhenitwaswisetointerruptyou，youwouldn’thavetoturnitoffatall.Instead，itcouldletcallsthroughwhenyouarenottoobusyAbunchofbehaviorsensors(傳感器)andacleverpieceofsoftwarecoulddojustthat，byyzingyourbehaviortodetermineifit’sagoodtimetointerruptyou．Ifbuiltintoaphone，thesystemmaydecideyou’retoobusyandaskthecallertoleaveamessageorringbacklater．JamesFogartyandScottHudsonatCamegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniabasedtheirsystemoiltinymicrophones，camerasandtouchsensorsthatrevealbodylanguageandactivity．Firsttheyhadtostudydifferentbehaviorstofindoutwhichonesstonglypredictwhetheryourmindisinterrupted.Thepotential“busyness”signalstheyfocusedonincludedwhethertheofficedoorswereleftopenorclosed，thetimeofday，ifotherpeoplewerewiththe inquestion，howclosetheyweretoeachother,andwhetherornotthecomputerwasinuse．Thesensorsmonitoredtheseandmanyotherfactorswhilefoursubjectswereatwork.Atrandomintervals，thesubjectsratedhowinterruptibletheywereonascalerangingfrom“highlyinterruptible’’to“highlynot—interruptible”.Theirratingswerethencorrelatedwiththevariousbehaviors.“Itisashotgun(隨意的)approach：weusedalltheindicatorswecouldthinkofandthenletstatisticsfindoutwhichwereimportant，”saysHudson.Themodelshowedthatusingthekeyboard，andtalkingonalandlineortosomeoneelseintheofficecorrelatedmoststronglywithhowinterruptiblethesubjectsjudgedthemselvestobe．Interestingly，thecomputerwasactuallybetterthanpeopleatpredictingwhensomeonewastoobusytobeinterrupted.Thecomputergotitright82percentofthetime，humans77percent．Fogartyspeculatesthatthismightbebecausepeoplengtheinterruptingareinevitablybiasedtowardsdeliveringtheirmessage，whereascomputersdon’tcare．ThefirstapplicationforHudsonandFogarty’ssystemislikelytobeinaninstantmessagingsystem，followedbyofficephonesands．“Thereisnotechnologicalroadblock()toitbeingdeployedinacoupleofyears，”saysHudsonAbigproblemfacingpeopletodayisAtheymusttoleratephonedisturbancesormissimportantBtheymustturnofftheirphonestokeeptheirhomesCtheyhavetoswitchfromadesktopphonetoaDtheyaretoobusytomakephoneThebehaviorsensorandsoftwaresystembuiltinaAcouldhelpstoreBcouldsendmessagesCcouldlwhenitiswisetointerruptDcouldidentifyimportantphoneScientistsatCarnegieMenonUniversitytriedtofindAwhyofficedoorswereoften1eftBwhenitwasagoodtimetoturnofftheCwhatquestionsofficeworkerswerebotheredDwhichbehaviorscouldlwhether wasDuringtheexperiment，thesubjectswereAtocontrolthesensorsandtheBtoratethedegreestowhichtheycouldbeCtocomparetheirbehaviorswithDtoyzealltheindicatorsofThecomputerperformedbetterthanpeopleinthestudyAthecomputerworkedBthecomputerwasnotCpeopletendedtobeDpeoplewerenotgoodatstatistics．第三篇TheExplodingLakesofCameroonWhatcomestomindwhenyouthinkofalake?Youprobablyimagineaprettyscenewithbluewater，birds，andfish．ForthepeopleinnorthwesternCameroon，however,theimageisverydifferent.Forthem，lakesmaymeanterribledisasters.In1984，poisonousgasesexplodedoutofLakeMonounandcamedownintothenearbyvillages，killingthirty—sevenpeople．Twoyearslater,LakeNyoseruptedAcloudofgasesrolleddownthehillsandintothevalleysandkilled1,700LakeNyosandLakeMonounarecrater(火山口)lakesTheywereformedwhenwatercollectedinthecratersofoldvolcanoesThevolcanoesunderLakeNyosandLakeMonounarenotactiveanymore.Howeverpoisonousgasesfromthecenteroftheearthcontinuetoflowupthroughcracksinthebottomofthelake.Thisisnormalinacraterlake.Inmostcraterlakes，thesegasesarereleasedoftenbecausethewater‘turnsover’regularly．Thatis，thewaterfromthebottomofthelakerisesandmixeswiththewateratthetop，allowingthegasestoescapeslowly．However，inLakesNyosandMonoun，thereisnoregularturningover．Nooneknowsthereasonforthisfact，butasaresult，theselakeshavemoregasestappedatthebottomthanothercraterlakes.Infact，scientistswhohavestudiedLakesNyosandMonounhavefound16,000timesmoregases．Whenastrongwind，coolweatherastorm，oralandslide(滑坡)causesthewatertoturnoversuddenly，thegasesescapeinaviolentexplosion．Inthepast，nooneknewwhenthegasesmightexplode，sotherewasnowayforthevillagerstoescapedisaster.NowscientistsfromtheUnitedStates，F(xiàn)rance，andCameroonhavefoundawaytoreducethegaspressureatthebottomofLakeNyos．Theystooda672-footplasticpipeinthemiddleofthelake，withoneendofthepipenearthebottomandtheotherendintheair．Nearthetopofthepipe，theteamputseveralholesthatcouldbeopenedorclosedbyacomputer．Now，whenthegaspressuregetstoohigh，theholesareopenedandsomeofthegas-filledwatershootsupthroughthepipeintotheairlikeafountain．Withlesspressure，adisastrousexplosionismuchlesslikely．However,thescientistsarenotsurethatonepipewillbeenoughtopreventexplosions．TheyhopetoputinotherssoonandtheyplantoinstallasimilarpipeandacomputersystematLakeMonounaswell．Toprotectpeoplenearbyuntilallofthepipesareinplace．thescientistshaveinstalledearlywarningsystemsatbothlakes.Ifthegaspressurerisestoadangerouslevel，computerswillsetoffloudsirens(警報)andbrightlightstowarnthepeopleinthevillages．Thatway,theywillhavetimetoescapefromthedangerousgases．WhatwillhappenwhenLakeNyosandLakeMonounAWaterwillflowdownthePoisonousgaseswillbereleasedAstrongwindwillrisefromtheThevolcanoeswillcometoWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutLakeNyosandLakeMonounisATheywereformedinTheyareatthetopoftwoactiveTheyarenotlikemostothercraterWaterinthemturnsoverLakeNyosandLakeMonounexplodeAthegasesrisetothetopandmixwithpeoplefromthevillagesturnoverthescientistshaveputinacomputertheyhavemoregasestrappedatthebottomthanothercraterAteamofscientistsAerectedapressure-releasingpipeintheidentifiedthegasesatthebottomofthebuiltabeautifulfountainneartheremovedalldangerousgasesfromtheWhatdowelearnfromthelastAScientistsareplanningtoinstallpipesinallcraterScientistsstilldonotknowhowtopreventgasExplosiondisasterscouldbeavoidedintheWarningsystemshavebeensetupinthevillagesnearby．5部分：補全短文(46～50210分)EveryDogHasItsKimikoFukuda，aJapanesegirl，alwayswonderedwhatherdogwastryingtoWheneversheputonmakeup，itwouldpullather (46)Whenthedogsheglancesatasmallelectronicgadget裝置)．Thefollowing“human”translationappearsonitsscreen：“Pleasetakemewithyou．”“Irealizedthat’showhewasfeeling．”saidFukuda．ThegadgetiscalledBowlingual，andittranslatesdogbarksintofeelings．PeoplelaughedwhentheJapanesetoymakerTakaraCompanymadetheworld’sfirstdog-humantranslationmachinein2002．But300，000Japanesedogownersbought “Nobodyelsehadthoughtaboutit，”saidMasahikoKajita，whoworksforTakara“Wespendsomuchtimetrainingdogstounderstandourorders；whatwoulditbelikeifwecouldunderstanddogs?”Bowlingualhastwoparts． (48)Thetranslationisdoneinthegadgetusingadatabase(資料庫)containingeverykindofbark．Basedonanimalbehaviourresearch，thesenoisesaredividedintosixcategories：happiness，Sadness,frustration，anger，declarationanddesire． (49)Inthisway，thedatabasescientificallymatchesabarktoanemotion，whichisthentranslatedintooneof200phrases．WhenavisitorwenttoFukuda’shouserecently，thedogbarkedaloud“bowwow”．Thistranslatedas“Don’tcomethisway” TheproductwillbeavailableinUSpetstoresthissummerforaboutUS$120Itcanstoreupto100barks，evenrecordingthedog’semotionswhentheownerisaway．AAwirelessmicrophoneisattachedtothedog’scollar,whichsendsinformationtotheheldbytheBNobodyreallyknowshowadogCItwasfollowedby“I’mstrongerthanyou”asthedoggrowled(嗥叫)andsniffed(嗅)attheMorecustomersareexpectedwhentheEnglishversionislaunchedthisNow，theJapanesegirlthinkssheFEachoneoftheseemotionsisthenlinkedtoaphraselike“Let’splay”，“Lookatme”，or“Spendmoretimewithme”．6(5l～65115分Earth’sInnerScientistshavelongstruggledtounderstandwhatliesattheplanet’scenter, observationofitscenteris soresearchers (51)tootherIn1889，aGermanscientistdetectedasevereearthquakeinJapan．Geophysicistsconcludedthatshockwaves(52)jolts(晃動)fromonesideofEarththroughthecentertotheothersideThenin1936DanishgeophysicistIngeLehmannstudiedthewaves (53)todeterminethatwithinEarth’scoreofmolten(熔化了的)ironliesasolidinnercore-but(54)thatcorewasmadeofeluded( OthergeophysicistsquicklydeterminedthatLehmann’sinnercorewascomposedmostly(55)iron.Sincethen，Lehmann’sdiscoveryhas(56)conventionalEarthscience．Butnowscientistsarechallengingtraditionaltheorywithnewandradical(57) Forexample Earth’scentercouldactuallycontainan“innercorewithintheinnercore，claimIshiiandcolleagueAdamDziewonski．yzinghundredsofthousandsofearthquakewave(58),theymaintainthattheinnercorehasatitsheartatiny,evenmoresolidsphere( 體).Thissphere‘maybetheoldestfossil(59)fromtheformationofEarth，”saysDziewonski．DziewonskiandIshiispeculatethatshortly(60)Earthformedaround4.8billionyearsago ，agiantasteroid( 小行 )smashedintotheyoungplanetandnearlymeltedit.ButEarth’scenterdidn’tquitemelt (61)massastheplanetcooled.Thecorewithinacoremaybethekernel( 心)thatendured．“Itspresencecouldchangeourbasicideasaboutthe(62)oftheplanet，”Dziewonskisaysideaistame(溫和的)comparedtothe(63)theoriesofindependentgeophysicistJ．MarvinHerndon．Earth’sinnercoreismadenotofiron，heclaimsbuta (64)ofnickelandsiliconHemdonhasatrulyrevolutionarynotion Withinthenickelsilicide( 物)innercoreisalsoan“inner”innercore—an8km—wideballoftheelementuranium．Uraniumisradioactive．Hemdonthinkstheuraniumreleasesheatenergyasitsatoms (65)fission-splitandcrashintoanotherinachainreaction.Inotherwords,wemayliveontopofagigantic,“natural”nuclearpowerplant.A BleaveCturnDAcreateBreceiveCfeel AworkBsolutionCjobDAwhetherBwhatCwhyDAfromBwithinC DAfollowedBdominatedCrestoredDAideasBdemandsCphenomenaDAthingsBactsCmethodsDA BbenefitedCleftDAafterBbeforeCsinceDAexpandedBmodifiedCgainedDAsizeBoriginCstructureDAradicalBtraditionalCclassicalDAsystemBcopyCmodelDAchargeBlastCexperienceD10015116—30131—45346—50251—65i1．A 6．A 9．D11．D12A 14．B16．A17．C18．A19．C21．B22．B23．D24．A26．B27．C28．F29．D31．D32．A33．C34．B36．A37．C38．D39．B4041．B42．C43．D44．A46．E47．D48．A49．F51．C52．A53．D54．B56．B57．A58．D59．C62．B63．A64．D2005年英語等級考試理工類(A級)題解1部分·reply都有“回Cwiden和broaden都有“拓寬”的意思。twist：彎曲。stretch：延伸。TheforestsStretchforhundredsof Dimmense和enormous都有“巨大的”itwasanBremedy：補救。improve：改進。這兩個詞意思相近。Herbalmedicinecanbeusedtoimproveourhealth．草藥可用于增進我們的健康。Acollaborate：合作；。cooperate：合作。Shehasagreedtocooperatewiththeintheinvestigation．她同意在中跟臺作Aconsolidate：鞏固。strengthen：鞏固，加強。TostrengthenhispositioninParliament，heheldtalkswithleadersofthePeasantParty，為了Bprobe：探索。explore：探索。這兩個詞意思很相近。Bothpartiesareexploringwaysofsettlingthedispute．雙方都在尋求解決爭端的辦Dalleviate：減輕。relieve：減輕：變小。remove：去掉；切除。cure：治療。Dinsufficient：不充分的。inadequate：不充分的。soffood