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音標(biāo)培訓(xùn)IPA

Training

Course音標(biāo)培訓(xùn)元音音標(biāo)是什么?輔音發(fā)音技巧句型口語(yǔ)練習(xí)元音音標(biāo)是什么?輔音發(fā)音技巧句型口語(yǔ)練習(xí)音標(biāo)是什么?音標(biāo)是記錄語(yǔ)音音素的符號(hào)。它的制定原則是:一個(gè)音素只用一個(gè)音標(biāo)表示,一個(gè)音標(biāo)并不只表示一個(gè)音素例如:雙元音就是由2個(gè)音素組成的。音素是人類語(yǔ)言中能夠區(qū)別意義的最小聲音單位,是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的最小單位或最小的語(yǔ)音片段。一個(gè)發(fā)音動(dòng)作形成一個(gè)音素。一般分為元音和輔音兩大類。音標(biāo)是什么?音標(biāo)是記錄語(yǔ)音音素的符號(hào)。音素是人類語(yǔ)言中能夠區(qū)音標(biāo)分類1、IPA音標(biāo)2、DJ音標(biāo)3、KK音標(biāo)4、其他音標(biāo)(AHD,

EPD,

Gimson等)音標(biāo)分類1、IPA音標(biāo)1、國(guó)際音標(biāo)國(guó)際音標(biāo)(InternationalPhoneticAlphabet),簡(jiǎn)稱IPA。最早源于1888年,由國(guó)際語(yǔ)言協(xié)會(huì)制定。該組織希望以一個(gè)符號(hào)代表一音,避免各人使用一套自己的符號(hào)所產(chǎn)生的不便。國(guó)際音標(biāo),是設(shè)計(jì)用來標(biāo)注全世界各種語(yǔ)言的發(fā)音的符號(hào)系統(tǒng)。很多語(yǔ)言學(xué)家把國(guó)際音標(biāo)做局部修改以標(biāo)記他們所研究的語(yǔ)言,所以國(guó)際音標(biāo)也有很多種。

2005年后,通行表上的音標(biāo)計(jì)有輔音72個(gè),元音23個(gè)。這些音標(biāo)都是以拉丁字母為基礎(chǔ)的,直到2007年,國(guó)際音標(biāo)共有107個(gè)單獨(dú)字母,以及56個(gè)變音符號(hào)和超音段成分。國(guó)際語(yǔ)音學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)偶爾會(huì)增刪一些符號(hào),或者修正某些符號(hào)。1、國(guó)際音標(biāo)國(guó)際音標(biāo)(InternationalP音標(biāo)培訓(xùn)課件-英國(guó)和美國(guó)兩個(gè)國(guó)家的英語(yǔ)都被視為國(guó)際性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ),所以影響最大的就是英式英語(yǔ)和美式英語(yǔ),而它們都為各自的英語(yǔ)發(fā)音制定了一套記錄英語(yǔ)發(fā)音的符號(hào),嚴(yán)格的說每一部英語(yǔ)字典都有一套自己的記錄英語(yǔ)發(fā)音的符號(hào)系統(tǒng),這些符號(hào)都被叫做音標(biāo)。只是:由英國(guó)語(yǔ)音學(xué)家DanielJones根據(jù)IPA編的一本《英語(yǔ)正音辭典》的音標(biāo)系統(tǒng)(簡(jiǎn)稱為DJ音標(biāo)),和美國(guó)兩位語(yǔ)言學(xué)家JohnS.Kenyon和ThomasA.Knott編寫的《美式英語(yǔ)發(fā)音辭典》的音標(biāo)系統(tǒng)(簡(jiǎn)稱為KK音標(biāo))非常具有代表性,因而成為國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)音標(biāo),被廣大中國(guó)學(xué)子學(xué)習(xí)和掌握。DJ音標(biāo)&KK音標(biāo)英國(guó)和美國(guó)兩個(gè)國(guó)家的英語(yǔ)都被視為國(guó)際性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ),2、DJ音標(biāo)存在不同版本:(a)英語(yǔ)國(guó)際音標(biāo)(舊版)(即1917年第1版到1967年的第13版DJ音標(biāo))由于存在一些問題,被后來的新版音標(biāo)所取代,現(xiàn)在這種音標(biāo)的詞典基本上買不到了。(b)英語(yǔ)國(guó)際音標(biāo)(中版)(即1977年第14版DJ音標(biāo))它解決了13版音標(biāo)中存在的問題。此版音標(biāo)共記錄音素44個(gè),其中元音20個(gè),輔音24個(gè)?!缎掠h詞典》2000年版和目前部分中學(xué)課本中仍在使用這種音標(biāo)。2、DJ音標(biāo)存在不同版本:(c)英語(yǔ)國(guó)際音標(biāo)(新版)(即1997年第15版DJ音標(biāo))此版音標(biāo)對(duì)英語(yǔ)的讀音進(jìn)行了更細(xì)致的標(biāo)注。增加了4個(gè)弱元音和一個(gè)輔音。此版音標(biāo)共記錄音素49個(gè),其中元音24個(gè),輔音25個(gè)。1997年以后出版的《牛津詞典》、《朗文詞典》、《柯林斯詞典》、《麥克米蘭詞典》等著名英語(yǔ)詞典都采用了這一版音標(biāo),我國(guó)的一些詞典出版社也采用了這種音標(biāo)。一些教材如《新概念英語(yǔ)》等也采用了這種音標(biāo)。英國(guó)的語(yǔ)音教學(xué)目前使用的都是這版音標(biāo)。目前銷售的各種詞典中,使用此音標(biāo)的占95%以上?!俊疽陨险f的15版有49個(gè)音標(biāo),表示沒看到文獻(xiàn)出處,存疑問】(c)英語(yǔ)國(guó)際音標(biāo)(新版)(即1997年第15版DJ音標(biāo))音標(biāo)培訓(xùn)課件-英語(yǔ)界對(duì)音標(biāo)數(shù)目的分歧,往往是因?yàn)閷?duì)/tr//dr//ts/

/dz/這些輔音結(jié)合體的看法和處理不同。判斷音標(biāo)是否是健全的音位體可根據(jù)以下兩個(gè)方面:看其能否和元音相拼構(gòu)成音節(jié)看其能否出現(xiàn)在詞的三個(gè)位置:詞首,詞中,詞尾

/ts/

/dz/只能出現(xiàn)在詞尾、元音之后,不能出現(xiàn)在元音之前與元音相拼;

/tr//dr/只能出現(xiàn)在詞首、元音之前,而不能出現(xiàn)在詞尾和元音之后。英語(yǔ)界對(duì)音標(biāo)數(shù)目的分歧,往往是因?yàn)閷?duì)/tr//DJ音標(biāo)元音有20個(gè):?jiǎn)卧?2個(gè)/i://i//?://?//?://?//u://u//ɑ://?//e//?/雙元音8個(gè)/ei//ai//?i//au//?u//i?//??//u?/輔音有28個(gè):清輔音10個(gè)/p//t//k//f//θ//s//tr//ts//∫//t∫/濁輔音10個(gè)/b//d//g//v//e//z//dr//dz//?//d?/其它輔音8個(gè)/h//m//n//?//l//r//w//j/。DJ音標(biāo)(舊版)DJ音標(biāo)DJ音標(biāo)(舊版)DJ音標(biāo)元音有20個(gè):?jiǎn)卧?2個(gè)/i://?//?://?//?://?//u://?//ɑ://?//e//?/雙元音8個(gè)/e?//a?//??//a?//??//??//e?//??/輔音有24個(gè):清輔音10個(gè)/p//t//k//f//θ//s//∫//t∫/濁輔音10個(gè)/b//d//g//v//e//z//?//d?/其它輔音8個(gè)/h//m//n//?//l//r//w//j/。輔音按照發(fā)音方法有各種分類。

DJ音標(biāo)根據(jù)其詞典的版本進(jìn)行過數(shù)次修改,

/tr//dr//ts/

/dz/在新版中不存在。DJ音標(biāo)(新版)DJ音標(biāo)DJ音標(biāo)(新版)DJ音標(biāo)元音有20個(gè):?jiǎn)卧?2個(gè)/i://?//?://?//?://?//u://?//ɑ://?//e//?/雙元音8個(gè)/e?//a?//??//a?//??//??//e?//??/輔音有28個(gè):清輔音10個(gè)/p//t//k//f//θ//s//tr//ts//∫//t∫/濁輔音10個(gè)/b//d//g//v//e//z//dr//dz//?//d?/其它輔音8個(gè)/h//m//n//?//l//r//w//j/。DJ音標(biāo)(EPD版)DJ音標(biāo)DJ音標(biāo)(EPD版)

KK音標(biāo)中擯棄了英式音標(biāo)中長(zhǎng)元音符號(hào)/:/,這是英式與美式音標(biāo)書寫上的最大區(qū)別,KK音標(biāo)共有44個(gè)音標(biāo),元音有20個(gè),輔音有24個(gè)。輔音符號(hào)和新版DJ音標(biāo)的輔單符號(hào)完全一致,只是元音部分有所區(qū)別:KK音標(biāo)的元音音標(biāo)符號(hào):單元音/i/

/?/

/?/

/?/

/?/

/?/

/?/=

/?/

/ɑ/=

/?/

/ɑr/

tea

it

pen

cat

bird

sister

about

/bus

box/dog

car

/?r/

/u/

/?/

or

too

book雙元音/a?/

/e/=/e?/

/a?/

/o/=/o?/

/??/

/?r/

/?r/

/?r/

bike

name

cow

no

boy

ear

bear

tour

3、KK音標(biāo)(美式音標(biāo))KK音標(biāo)中擯棄了英式音標(biāo)中長(zhǎng)元音符號(hào)/:/,拼讀法和音標(biāo)拼讀法:入門簡(jiǎn)單高效,符合人類學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的規(guī)律,尤其適合于非英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)國(guó)家的初學(xué)者。即使從來都沒有學(xué)過英語(yǔ)的人通過學(xué)習(xí)和訓(xùn)練,在不依靠音標(biāo)的情況下,就能達(dá)到“見詞能讀,聽音能寫”的驚人效果,音標(biāo):提高音準(zhǔn)自然拼讀法能夠覆蓋英語(yǔ)中80%左右的單詞,也有機(jī)構(gòu)的宣傳是只能覆蓋70%。那也就意味著這個(gè)方法的主要問題是特例都需要一一記住。而音標(biāo)是一個(gè)非??茖W(xué)、系統(tǒng)地標(biāo)注單詞發(fā)音的方法。音標(biāo)百分百適用,沒有特例,可以標(biāo)注任何一個(gè)單詞。拼讀法和音標(biāo)拼讀法:入門拼讀法和音標(biāo)我們隨便舉一些常見的單詞例子,就能說明不符合發(fā)音規(guī)則的單詞是多不勝數(shù)的,例如以下這幾組單詞,拼寫規(guī)則是相同的,但發(fā)音卻不同:

put-cut,

hear-bear,

great-meat,

go-do.a-/?/

apple

a-/e?/

cakea-/?/

cabbagea-/?/

abouta-/?:/

water

a-/?/

whata-/ɑ:/

classa-/e/

any拼讀法和音標(biāo)我們隨便舉一些常見的單詞例子,就能說明不符合發(fā)音Aa[ei]

Bb[bi:]

Cc[si:]

Dd[di:]

Ee[i:]

Ff[ef]

Gg[d?i:]

Hh[eit∫]

Ii[ai]

Jj[d?ei]Kk[kei]

Ll[el]

Mm[em]

Nn[en]

Oo[?u]

Pp[pi:]

Qq[kju:]

Rr[ɑ:]

Ss[es]

Tt[ti:]

Uu[ju:]

Vv[vi:]

Ww[′d^blju:]

Xx[eks]

Yy[wai]

Zz[zi:]/

[zed]26個(gè)字母音標(biāo)Aa[ei]

Bb[bi:]

Chapter

1國(guó)際音標(biāo)-元音International

Phonetic

Alphabet

-VowelsChapter1國(guó)際音長(zhǎng)元音-long

single

vowels[i:]

[?:]

[?:]

[u:]

[ɑ:]長(zhǎng)元音-short

single

vowels[?][?]

[?][?][^]

[?]

[e]

雙元音-diphthongs

[e?][a?]

[??][a?][??][??][e?][??]元音Vowels長(zhǎng)元音-longsinglevowels[i:][?長(zhǎng)元音-long

single

vowels[i:]

[?:]

[?:]

[u:]

[ɑ:]長(zhǎng)元音-short

single

vowels[i]

[?]

[?]

[u]

[^]

[?]

[e]

雙元音-diphthongs

[ei][ɑi]

[?i][ɑu][?u][i?][e?][u?]元音Vowels長(zhǎng)元音-longsinglevowels[i:][?:[i:]e-[i:]hemebewetheseChinesei-[i:]skimachinemagzineea-[i:]seatheatmealcheapeasyreadpleaseie-[i:]fieldpiecebelieveachieveei-[i:]eitherreceivedeceitee-[i:]jeepweekthreegreenbeesheepmeetey-[i:]keyPractice

makes

perfect

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makes

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makes

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![?]Practicemakesperfect![?:]a-[?:]waterau-[?:]PaulAuguestnaughtyfaultcausecaughttaughtaw-[?:]lawdrawclawpawflawar-[?:]warwarmwarnal-[?:]balltallfallwalltalkwalksaltalsoor-[?:]orhorseordercornsportshortporkborderore-[?:]beforestoremoreoor-[?:]doorfloorou-[?:]oughtboughtbroughtour-[?:]yourfourcoursecourtoar-[?:]boardroarsoarPractice

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makes

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makes

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![u:]Practicemakesperfect![?]o-[?]wolfwomanu-[?]putsugarJulypullpushbushbulletcarefuloo-[?]bookcooklookwoodfootgoodtookoul-[?]shouldcouldwouldPractice

makes

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![?]Practicemakesperfect[ɑ:]a-[ɑ:]fatherfastclasslastafteraskgraphar-[ɑ:]barkpartymarkersparktargetarctical-[ɑ:]halfcalmpalmau-[ɑ:]laughauntear-[ɑ:]heartPractice

makes

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![^]Practicemakesperfect![?]a-[?]applemapdadhatfamilyblackhappyantPractice

makes

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![?]Practicemakesperfect![e]a-[e]anye-[e]eggbefdesklegyesbellpencheckai-[e]saidue-[e]guessguestAuguestea-[e]breadweatherheavyheaddeadhealthysweatie-[e]friendPractice

makes

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![e]Practicemakesperfect![e?]a-[e?]latehategatesamefatewasteshakefamousai-[e?]waitrainmaintrainay-[e?]paydaymayhaytrayey-[e?]theygreyokeyobeyei-[e?]eightweightneighborea-[e?]greatbreakPractice

makes

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![e?]Practicemakesperfect[a?]i-[a?]ninebikewritekitewhiteshinefighty-[a?]whymyshyflybysatisfyie-[a?]tiepieliediecriedei-[a?]heighteitherneitheruy-[a?]buyguyigh-[a?]highrightlightfightthigheye-[a?]eyeeyebrowye-[a?]byeryedyePractice

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![a?]Practicemakesperfect[??]oi-[??]voicecoinjoinoilpointchoiceoi-[??]toyjoyboyannoyPractice

makes

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![??]Practicemakesperfect[a?]ou-[a?]outcloudgroudhousepoundblousesouthow-[a?]crowhowflowertownPractice

makes

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![a?]Practicemakesperfect[??]o-[??]posesonosesmokecodeoa-[??]boatcoatgoatsoapou-[??]soulshoulderow-[??]knowbowlgrowyellowoe-[??]toehoePractice

makes

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![??]Practicemakesperfect[??]ea-[??]theatereo-[??]theoryear-[??]yeardearhearnearteareer-[??]deerbeerpioneerier-[??]piercefiercePractice

makes

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![??]Practicemakesperfect[e?]air-[e?]airhairchairstairfairrepairare-[e?]caresharedareharespareglarescareear-[e?]pearbearwearere-[e?]wherethereeir-[e?]theirPractice

makes

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![e?]Practicemakesperfect![??]oor-[??]poorour-[??]tourgourdure-[??]surepureu-[??]EuropePractice

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![??]PracticemakesperfectChapter

2國(guó)際音標(biāo)-輔音International

Phonetic

Alphabet

-ConsonantsChapter2國(guó)際音1.喬治亞是美語(yǔ),學(xué)校是英式,怎么跟學(xué)校不一樣?2.為什么我小朋友一年級(jí)不能學(xué)國(guó)際音標(biāo)?3.學(xué)了發(fā)音法沒用,還是不會(huì)拼讀單詞。4.拼讀法會(huì)不會(huì)和拼音混淆?5.音標(biāo)會(huì)不會(huì)和拼音混淆?6.光盤發(fā)音不準(zhǔn)。7.光盤發(fā)音沒有教小朋友怎么拼讀?8.有沒有速成班,不想學(xué)那么久。9.有沒有專門的發(fā)音法班級(jí)?我只想學(xué)發(fā)音。10.發(fā)音法和主教材沒有聯(lián)系,怎么融合一起來上呢?常見問題解答1.喬治亞是美語(yǔ),學(xué)校是英式,怎么跟學(xué)校不一樣?常見問題解答1.喬治亞是美語(yǔ),學(xué)校是英式,怎么跟學(xué)校不一樣?

英式英語(yǔ)跟美式英語(yǔ)其實(shí)沒有本質(zhì)上的差異,只是某一小部分的發(fā)音會(huì)有所不同,比如car的發(fā)音,英式發(fā)音為/kɑ:/,美式發(fā)音為/kɑr/,區(qū)別是很小的,完全是能聽出這是同一個(gè)單詞的發(fā)音,所以并不會(huì)引起理解及溝通上的障礙。就像我們一樣,同樣是講普通話,也會(huì)有個(gè)別字發(fā)音會(huì)有所差異,可是并不會(huì)造成溝通障礙。同時(shí)我們老師在課堂上如果碰到英美發(fā)音有差異的單詞,也一定會(huì)去提醒小朋友,需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注那些單詞,這樣他們就不會(huì)混淆了。所以媽媽盡管放心,無論是英式還是美式,我們學(xué)的都是非常純正的英語(yǔ)。1.喬治亞是美語(yǔ),學(xué)校是英式,怎么跟學(xué)校不一樣?2.為什么我小朋友一年級(jí)不能學(xué)國(guó)際音標(biāo)?

一年級(jí)小朋友處于英語(yǔ)入門階段,直接學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo)對(duì)他們來說難度系數(shù)太大且不易吸收,而自然發(fā)音法趣味性較強(qiáng),可以幫助小朋友找到簡(jiǎn)單高效的認(rèn)讀單詞的訣竅,通過接觸一些比較經(jīng)典的拼讀組合,逐步達(dá)到“見詞能讀,聽音能寫”的驚人效果,從而提高小朋友的詞匯量。國(guó)際音標(biāo)跟拼讀法比,會(huì)相對(duì)枯燥一點(diǎn),對(duì)小朋友的詞匯量也是有一定要求的,在學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo)的時(shí)候,只有在詞匯量充足的情況下,小朋友才能更好的將自己腦海中的單詞與音標(biāo)對(duì)應(yīng),達(dá)到舉一反三,融會(huì)貫通的效果,這樣學(xué)習(xí)效果才會(huì)更加明顯。所以建議媽媽先讓小朋友通過拼讀法累積一定的詞匯量,再學(xué)音標(biāo)。要知道,心急是吃不了熱豆腐的哦!2.為什么我小朋友一年級(jí)不能學(xué)國(guó)際音標(biāo)?3.學(xué)了發(fā)音法沒用,還是不會(huì)拼讀單詞。自然拼讀法是通過簡(jiǎn)單有趣并且高效的方式來引導(dǎo)小朋友單詞入門的。如果把英語(yǔ)中所有的拼讀組合都學(xué)完,你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)基本上70%-80%的英語(yǔ)單詞都是符合這些拼讀規(guī)則的。那這也就意味著這個(gè)方法并不適用所有的英語(yǔ)單詞,有些特例還是需要一一特殊記憶。我們教材上列舉的拼讀法只是一些比較經(jīng)典的拼讀組合,并不是英語(yǔ)里面所有的拼讀組合,所以有些單詞不會(huì)拼是很正常的。單詞主要還是要靠積累,這就是為什么我們說拼讀法比較適合小朋友英語(yǔ)入門的原因,學(xué)這本書最主要的目的是讓小朋友掌握一種簡(jiǎn)單有效的認(rèn)讀方法。3.學(xué)了發(fā)音法沒用,還是不會(huì)拼讀單詞。4.拼讀法會(huì)不會(huì)和拼音混淆?拼讀法的字母組合跟拼音的字母組合是不一樣的,比如單詞cow奶牛,其中ow的發(fā)音跟拼音里的ɑo是一樣的,在但是長(zhǎng)得完全不一樣,所以不會(huì)出現(xiàn)混淆的情況。4.拼讀法會(huì)不會(huì)和拼音混淆?5.音標(biāo)會(huì)不會(huì)和拼音混淆?音標(biāo)以及拼音都是根據(jù)國(guó)際音標(biāo)表改編而來的,在形式及發(fā)音方面都具有很多相似的地方,如果小朋友已經(jīng)熟悉地掌握了漢語(yǔ)拼音,對(duì)音標(biāo)的學(xué)習(xí)是非常有幫助的,比如:音標(biāo)/i://i/和拼音i,音標(biāo)/?://?/和拼音e,音標(biāo)/?://?/和拼音o,音標(biāo)/u://u/和拼音u,音標(biāo)/ɑ://?/和拼音ɑ,有了拼音的基礎(chǔ),學(xué)習(xí)音標(biāo)就更加簡(jiǎn)單易懂了,對(duì)音標(biāo)的記憶也有很大的幫助。就跟小朋友完全掌握了英語(yǔ)的26個(gè)字母之后,絕對(duì)不會(huì)把字母和拼音搞混是一個(gè)道理。但是如果在對(duì)拼音不熟悉的情況下,確實(shí)會(huì)容易混淆。所以不建議很小的小朋友學(xué)音標(biāo)。5.音標(biāo)會(huì)不會(huì)和拼音混淆?6.光盤發(fā)音不準(zhǔn)。請(qǐng)問媽媽聽到那個(gè)單詞發(fā)音有錯(cuò)了呢?確認(rèn)后解釋,我們教材上的光碟里都是非常純正的美式發(fā)音,不會(huì)存在任何問題。6.光盤發(fā)音不準(zhǔn)。7.光盤發(fā)音沒有教小朋友怎么拼讀。我們老師在課堂上會(huì)教小朋友怎么拼讀的,課后也會(huì)發(fā)音指導(dǎo)小朋友進(jìn)行拼讀復(fù)習(xí)。因?yàn)槠醋x法教學(xué)方式是喬治亞的一個(gè)特色,所以我們不會(huì)講拼讀方法刻錄在光盤上,以免外傳,只有成為我們喬治亞的正式學(xué)員,才可以享受到老師親自指導(dǎo)的待遇哦!7.光盤發(fā)音沒有教小朋友怎么拼讀。8.有沒有速成班,不想學(xué)那么久。學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言最重要的就是堅(jiān)持,英語(yǔ)不是我們的母語(yǔ),所以我們沒有好的語(yǔ)感,也沒有語(yǔ)言環(huán)境,所以一定需要一個(gè)積累的過程,不可能說在很短的時(shí)間就可以讓小朋友達(dá)到母語(yǔ)級(jí)別的水平,我們主要是傳授更加有效的學(xué)習(xí)方法,但是想進(jìn)步的話還是要靠自己努力,俗話說得好,師傅領(lǐng)進(jìn)門,修行靠個(gè)人嘛!請(qǐng)媽媽一定要一步一個(gè)腳印,讓孩子基礎(chǔ)打扎實(shí)一點(diǎn)。8.有沒有速成班,不想學(xué)那么久。9.有沒有專門的發(fā)音法班級(jí),我只想學(xué)發(fā)音。我們沒有專門的發(fā)音法班級(jí),發(fā)音法和主教材是穿插進(jìn)行的,這樣課堂內(nèi)容及形式會(huì)更加豐富多彩,對(duì)小朋友來說更加有吸引力,自然對(duì)英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)熱情也會(huì)增加,如果只上發(fā)音發(fā)的話,內(nèi)容會(huì)比較單一,學(xué)習(xí)目的性太強(qiáng),無形中給孩子帶來壓力,不利于培養(yǎng)孩子對(duì)英語(yǔ)的興趣。9.有沒有專門的發(fā)音法班級(jí),我只想學(xué)發(fā)音。10.發(fā)音法和主教材沒有聯(lián)系,怎么融合一起來上呢。我們的發(fā)音法教材是結(jié)合主教材來編寫的?。媒滩慕o家長(zhǎng)看)發(fā)音法主要是為小朋友提高詞匯量提供簡(jiǎn)單有趣并且有效的方法。在課堂上,老師會(huì)通過發(fā)音法對(duì)主教材上的新單詞進(jìn)行教學(xué),小朋友對(duì)新單詞的學(xué)習(xí)會(huì)更加得心應(yīng)手,有事半功倍的效果。10.發(fā)音法和主教材沒有聯(lián)系,怎么融合一起來上呢。清輔音-unvoiced[p][t][k]

[s]

[?][?]

[f]

[θ][ts]

[tr][h]

濁輔音-voiced

[b][d][ɡ][z][?][?][v][e][dz][dr]

[r][l][m][n][?][w][j]

輔音Consonants清輔音-unvoiced[p][t][k][s][?[p]p-[p]

pay

put

cup

map

pig

lip

sippp-[p]

apple

happen

supper

slipper[b]b-[b]

big

bite

bat

lab

club

tube

garbagebb-[b]

rabbit

cabbage

rubbish

rubber

hobbyPractice

makes

perfect

![p]Practicemakesperfect![t]t-[t]

sit

hit

take

tell

night

tt-[t]

kitty

better

little

buttered-[t]

watched

laughed

missed[d]d-[d]deep

dog

card

bed

day

dear

mind

murderdd-[d]middle

sudden

odded-[d]lived

changed

calmedPractice

makes

perfect

![t]Practicemakesperfect![k]

c-[k]

cold

card

cup

cat

come

cool

cookk-[k]

key

desk

milk

keepck-[k]

lock

cock

sock

mockch-[k]

school

ache

chemistryqu-[k]

queen

quick

quiet

question

quit

quiz[ɡ]g-[ɡ]golf

glass

gate

dig

again

game

girlgg-[ɡ]egg

beggar

giggle

luggagegh-[ɡ]ghostgu-[ɡ]guess

guestPractice

makes

perfect

![k]Practicemakesperfect![s]

s-[s]

say

sky

sit

smile

booksc-[s]

city

cycle

circle

cinemass-[s]

lesson

pass

miss

grasssc-[s]

science

scene

scentse-[s]

mousece-[s]

voice

science

juice

rice

mice

face[z]z-[z]zoo

zero

zip

zebras-[z]is

his

tears

busy

easyzz-[z]puzzle

jazz

dizzyze-[z]prize

freezese-[z]nose

rose

cheese

pleasex-[z]xerox

xylophonePractice

makes

perfect

![s]Practicemakesperfect![?]s-[?]sure

sugarsh-[?]wish

ship

wash

fashion

shame

shutss-[?]assure

pressure

Russiaci-[?]social

special

ancientti-[?]station

action

nation[?]s-[?]

measure

pleasure

treasuresi-[?]

television

accasion

explosion

confusionPractice

makes

perfect

![?]Practicemakesperfect![?]ch-[?]

rich

which

chair

cheap

cheer

coachch-[?]

catch

watch

kitchench-[?]

future

nature

century[?]g-[?]

page

large

danger

angelj-[?]

jar

jam

July

job

justdge-[?]

bridge

judge

edgedu-[?]

schedule

procedurePractice

makes

perfect

![?]Practicemakesperfect![f]

f-[f]

fish

finger

floor

life

fatff-[f]

off

office

offer

giraffeph-[f]

telephone

elephant

photo

physicalgh-[f]laugh

enough[v]v-[v]

very

heavy

vase

videove-[v]

love

live

wave

havePractice

makes

perfect

![f]Practicemakesperfect![θ]th-[θ]

mouth

tooth

death

thing

thank

think

thick[e]th-[e]

mother

father

this

that

they

there

theirthe-[e]soothe

clothes

breathePractice

makes

perfect

![θ]Practicemakesperfect![ts]

ts-[ts]

hats

cats

boats

petstes-[ts]

gates

kites[dz]ds-[dz]

beds

kids

cards

handsds-[dz]

decades

spadesPractice

makes

perfect

![ts]Practicemakesperfect[tr]tr-[tr]

truck

treat

try

trade[dr]dr-[dr]

dry

drip

drug

dressPractice

makes

perfect

![tr]Practicemakesperfect[h]

h-[h]

hide

hair

him

handwh-[h]

who

whose[r]r-[r]

red

real

ready

riserr-[r]

mirrior

arrive

carry

sorrywr-[r]

write

wrong

wreath

wrenchPractice

makes

perfect

![h]Practicemakesperfect![l]l-[l]

like

lead

lot

tall

mail

l-[l]

well

bell

smell[m]m-[m]

mud

much

smart

animalmm-[m]

summer

grammar

commonmb-[m]

climb

thumb

combmn-[m]

autumnPractice

makes

perfect

![l]Practicemakesperfect![n]n-[n]

no

find

nine

brainnn-[n]

winner

funny

sunny

dinnerkn-[n]

knife

know

knowledgegn-[n]

sign

design

foreigner[?]n-[?]

pink

ink

think

anger

singerng-[?]

song

long

young

wingPractice

makes

perfect

![n]Practicemakesperfect![w]w-[w]

with

work

word

winewh-[w]

when

which

where

why

what

whale[j]

y-[j]

yellow

year

yeah

you

youngi-[j]

million

billion

trillionPractice

makes

perfect

![w]Practicemakesperfect!Chapter

3發(fā)音技巧Tips

for

pronunciationChapter3發(fā)音技巧1.consonant+vowel(輔音+元音)

farawaycomeonseveno’clocktakeoffnotatall

putuplookatitfirstofallafterallanAmerican

abottleofinkfromAtoZhereandthere連音

Liaison

1.consonant+vowel(輔音+元音)連音L2.vowel+vowel(元音+元音),需加音。[u:][?u][au]+vowel,加[w]音

do(w)itno(w)endgo(w)onthrow(w)itallow(w)it[i:][i][ei][ai][?i]+vowel,加[j]音

see(j)it

see(j)off

we(j)agree

the(j)other

copy(j)it

stay(j)up

fly(j)up

annoy(j)each(j)other連音

Liaison

2.vowel+vowel(元音+元音),需加音。連音Practice

all

the

sentences!I’llthinkitover.I’mwokingonit.Classstartsateight.Idon’tcareiftheydo.Lisaisaveryquietself-effacingperson.Itisnotabrightideatodragyourfeetwhentheworkneedstobedone.連音

Liaison

Practiceallthesentences!連音1.結(jié)尾及開頭同音

wi(th)thatIwan(t)toso(me)moreteata(ke)careof略音Elision1.結(jié)尾及開頭同音略音Elision2.輔音t\d\k\g\p\b+輔音

jus(t)

nowkin(d)nursesi(t)downgoo(d)byeblin(d)manaba(d)cold

aba(d)boy

ablac(k)boardahan(d)bagasui(t)case略音Elision2.輔音t\d\k\g\p\b+輔音略音ElisionPractice

all

the

sentences!Ye(s),

sir.Ica(n)neverforgetit.Youa(te)

toomuch.Idon’(t)knowwha(t)todo.This

is

an

ol(d)

pi(c)ture

of

a

bi(g)

car.You

can

put

i(t)

down

in

the

bi(g)

garden.

I

bought

a

chea(p)

book,

but

it’s

a

goo(d)

book.略音ElisionPracticeallthesentences!略音咬舌音

Fricatives[θ]thriftathletemouthfulwreathbreaththrive

[e]sootheweather

other

then

there

they咬舌音Fricatives[θ]thriftathl咬舌音

FricativesPractice

all

the

sentences!It’sthesamething.Somethingisbetterthannothing.Thethreeathleteswereoutofbreath.Theoryissomething,butpracticeiseverything.Fatherandmotherwentthroughthickandthin.Therearethreethousandthreehundredandthirty-threefeathersonthatbird’sthroat.Theythinkthatthesethingsarebetterthanthoseasthethickerthingsarebetterthanthinthings.咬舌音FricativesPracticeallthe變音Changethepronunciationt-dIt’s

a

little

bit

cold

today.What’s

the

matter

with

you?You’d

better

start

off

right

now.would/could/did-youWould

you

like

some

coffee?Could

you

help

me

with

this?Why

did

you

come

so

late?變音t-d變音Changethepronunciationhave

to-haftaI

have

to

go

now.You

have

to

finish

this

today!Have/has

got

to-have/has

gottaI’ve

gotta

study

tonight.I’ve

gatta

go

right

now.變音haveto-hafta變音Changethepronunciationwant

to-wannaI

don’t

wanna

go

there.Do

you

wanna

go

with

me?going

to-gonnaI’m

gonna

get

something

to

drink.Are

you

gonna

be

free

tonight?變音wantto-wanna變音ChangethepronunciationMore

sentences

you

need

to

know!Idon’tknow.AmIright?Give

me

some

more

coffee,

please!Come

on,

you

can

do

it!I

don’t

understand

what

you

were

saying

just

now.

變音Moresentencesyouneedtok濁化及同化Assimilationsk-sg

skirt

skate

skull

school

st-sd

student

stool

stand

stupidsp-sb

spring

sport

spend

splendidstr-sdr

street

strict

strange

stretch濁化及同化sk-sgskirtskatesku濁化及同化Assimilation[tj]-[?]intellectual

picture

century[dj]-[?]graduate

individual

education[sj]-[?]sure

sugar

pressure濁化及同化[tj]-[?]intellectualp鼻音和邊音NasalsandLaterals[m]modern

mom

seldom

calm[n]in

warn

opinion

thin

thank

interesting

[?]sing

morning

comingandgoing[l]call

wellpullbillion鼻音和邊音[m]modernmomseldom鼻音和邊音NasalsandLateralsOnlytimewilltell.Themoonwaxes.It’sa

nicemoonlighttonight.Everythingisgoingtobefine.He’sthelastpersonIwillaskforhelp.Tomiscomingwithsomehamandmarmalade.Nevertroubletroublesuntiltroublestroubleyou.Spring,thesweetspring,istheyear’spleasantking.Cannerscancanwhattheycancanbutcannotcanthingscan’tbecanned.鼻音和邊音Onlytimewilltell.長(zhǎng)元音及雙元音LongvowelsanddiphthongsIlikeit.Youlookniceinwhite.Callaspadeaspade.Oncebitten,twiceshy.Sheismakingaplayforfame.Thekiteisflyinghighinthesky.Whenthecatisaway,themicewillplay.Ihaveahunchthattherewillbeapricetopay.Rain,rain,goaway,littleJohnnywantstoplay.Mikelikestowritebythenicebrightlightatnight.長(zhǎng)元音及雙元音Ilikeit.短元音TheshortvowelsBusinessisbusiness.Loveme,lovemydog.Businessbeforepleasure.HewenttoJapanonbusiness.Let’sgettogetheranothertime.Areyouhereforpleasureorbusiness?Hewentintobusinessattheageoften.Itisyourbusinesstotakecareofthem.Acricketcriticcrackedhisneckatcriticalcricketmatch.短元音Businessisbusiness.Chapter

4句型口語(yǔ)練習(xí)Sentences

for

practicingChapter4句型口語(yǔ)練習(xí)長(zhǎng)元音-long

single

vowels[i:]

[?:]

[?:]

[u:]

[ɑ:]長(zhǎng)元音-short

single

vowels[?][?]

[?][?][^]

[?]

[e]

雙元音-diphthongs

[e?][a?]

[??][a?][??][??][e?][??]元音Vowels長(zhǎng)元音-longsinglevowels[i:][?清輔音-unvoiced[p][t][k]

[s]

[?][?]

[f]

[θ][ts]

[tr][h]

濁輔音-voiced

[b][d][ɡ][z][?][?][v][e][dz][dr]

[r][l][m][n][?][w][j]

輔音Consonants清輔音-unvoiced[p][t][k][s][?Practice

makes

perfect

![i:]It’sfreezing.Seeingisnotalwaysbelieving.Doyoufeellikeeating?Canyouseethekeyontheseat?Ifyouconceiveitandbelieveit,youcanachieveit.TonguetwisterHeatthemeatsowecaneat.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.Threegray-greengreedygeese.Practicemakesperfect![i:]Practice

makes

perfect

![?]Zipyourlips!Sillybillyloveslily.Lilylivesinabigcity.Businessisbusiness.Itmakesmesicktothinkofit.TonguetwisterIfIassistasister-assistant,willthesister’ssister-assistantassistme?Theladylookingatthebabylooksverypretty.Shemustbeveryhappywithhercutebaby.Practicemakesperfect![?Practice

makes

perfect

![?:]

Firstcome,firstservedIt’saperfectworld.Thatgirlwearsadirtyshirt.Theearlybirdcatchestheworms.Kurtgothurtservinganurse.TonguetwisterBirdsofafeatherflocktogether.Thefirstpersoninadirtyshirtworksinthethirdfirm.Burk’sbirthdayisonthethirdThursdayofSeptember.Practicemakesperfect![?:Practice

makes

perfect

![?]Evalikesbutterandsugar.Myyoungersisterisadoctor.Myfatherandmotherloveeachother.I’llneverbeadancerbyeatingsugar.Helenwillarrivehereatseventomorrow.TonguetwisterPandasinChinadon’tlikebananasinCanada.Thatdoctorlikestoeatcarrotsinwinter.Practicemakesperfect![?]Practice

makes

perfect

![?:]

Don’twalkonthelawn.IsawPaulinthehall.Shewasbornfouryearsago.Thecalmalwayscomesbeforethestorm.TonguetwisterTallPaulatesomeawfulcornsauce.Shethoughtsheoughttotakeawalkbeforefouro’clock.Practicemakesperfect![?:]Practice

makes

perfect

![?]Knowledgeispower.Apromiseisapromise.That’snotwhatIwant.Bobhasagoodjobandalotofhobbies.Thehotdogsinthatboxarenotfresh.TonguetwisterTom’sgotalotofdotsonhispocket,Hewantstowashoffth

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