FMEA失效模式和效果培訓(xùn)教材

本資料來(lái)源FailureModeandEffectAnalysis(FMEA)

失效模式和效果分析LearningObjectives

學(xué)習(xí)目的GiveageneralintroductiontoFMEAprinciples.

介紹FMEA的基本原理.

Provideastep-by-stepguidanceinperformingFMEA

為實(shí)施FMEA提供指導(dǎo).TheobjectiveofthisChapteristo本章節(jié)的目的是FMEADefinitionofFMEA

FMEA定義(I)FMEA:FailureModeandEffectsAnalysisFMEA：失效模式和效果分析Aprocedureinwhicheachpotentialfailuremodeineverysub-itemofanitemisanalyzedtodetermineitseffectonothersub-itemsandontherequiredfunctionoftheitem.FMEA是一個(gè)過(guò)程，在這個(gè)過(guò)程中對(duì)每個(gè)分項(xiàng)目的潛在失效模式進(jìn)行分析，確定失效模式對(duì)于其他分項(xiàng)目和主項(xiàng)目的功能的影響Takenfrom“TheCertifiedQualityEngineerHandbook”ASQDefinitionofFMEA

FMEA定義(II)FMEA:FailureModeandEffectsAnalysisFMEA：失效模式和效果分析FMEAisastructuredanalysistoanticipatethe

potentialfailuresofadesignorprocessbeforetheyoccur.Allaspectsofeachpotentialfailurearestudiedtoidentifythemosteffectivepreventiveactions.FMEA是結(jié)構(gòu)化的分析方法。用它在設(shè)計(jì)或過(guò)程的失效模式發(fā)生之前就預(yù)見(jiàn)潛在的失效.然后全面分析失效的各方面并識(shí)別最有效的預(yù)防措施.AnotherDefinitionForFMEA(III)FMEAisasystematicapproachusedtoexamine

potentialfailuresandpreventtheiroccurrence.Itenhancesanengineer’sabilitytopredictproblemsandprovidesasystemofranking,or

prioritization,sothe

mostlikelyfailuremodescanbeaddressedFMEA

是用來(lái)調(diào)查潛在失效及預(yù)防其再發(fā)生的系統(tǒng)化方法。這方法可以幫助提高工程師預(yù)知問(wèn)題的能力，提供一套依風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大小順序排列失效的系統(tǒng)，以讓我們能針對(duì)最可能的失效模式先采取對(duì)策DefinitionofFMEA

FMEA定義Identifyandevaluate

thepotentialfailuremodes

ofaproduct/processandtheeffectsofthatfailure

識(shí)別和評(píng)估一個(gè)產(chǎn)品或過(guò)程的潛在失效模式及其影響；2.Listdowntheactionswhichcouldeliminateorreducethechanceofthepotentialfailureoccurring

確定能排除或減少潛在失效發(fā)生的機(jī)率的措施；3.

Documentalltheelementsforreviewandaction

文件化整個(gè)過(guò)程。AnFMEAcanbedescribedasasystematicgroupofactivitiesintendedto:FMEA是一系列系統(tǒng)化的活動(dòng)，其目的是

：PropertiesofFMEA

FMEA的特點(diǎn)FMEAbeginswithadefinitionofallthe

functionsaprocessissupposedtoperform.FMEA開(kāi)始于一個(gè)過(guò)程所有功能的定義ManufacturingEngineer制造工程師SupplierQuality供應(yīng)商質(zhì)量DesignEngineer設(shè)計(jì)工程師ProgramManagement程序管理Production產(chǎn)品ReliabilityEngineer可靠性工程師Teamwork團(tuán)隊(duì)力量

FMEAmustbeperformedbyateaminordertoensureitseffectivenessFMEA須由小組進(jìn)行,以確保其有效PropertiesofFMEA

FMEA的特點(diǎn)ThePurposeofFMEA

FMEA的目的Toidentifypotentialfailuremodesandratetheseverityoftheireffects識(shí)別潛在失效模式并評(píng)估他們影響的嚴(yán)重性Toidentifycriticalcharacteristicsandsignificantcharacteristics識(shí)別關(guān)鍵特性和重要特性Torankpotentialdesignandprocessdeficiencies評(píng)估潛潛在的的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)和工工序不不足Reducetheproductdevelopmentcycle-timeandhencecost減少產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品開(kāi)開(kāi)發(fā)時(shí)時(shí)間和和成本本Tofocusoneliminatingandpreventingproductandprocessproblems聚焦于于產(chǎn)品品和工工序問(wèn)問(wèn)題的的消除除，并并防止止問(wèn)題題再次次發(fā)生生ThePurposeofFMEAFMEA的目的的Background背景Bylate80’’s,FMEAisusedbyautomotivemanufacturersandtheirsupplierstoreducetheliabilitycost.到80年代末末，汽汽車工工業(yè)和和他們們的供供貨商商也開(kāi)開(kāi)始實(shí)實(shí)施FMEA，藉此此減低低責(zé)任任成本本Developedinearly60’’sbyNASAto““fail-proof””Apollomissions.60年代初初，由由美國(guó)國(guó)太空空空署署在阿阿波羅羅任務(wù)務(wù)中發(fā)發(fā)展起起來(lái)的的。Adoptedinearly70’’sbyUSNavytodevelopMIL-STD-1629.70年代初初，被被美國(guó)國(guó)海軍軍采用用。TypesofFMEAFMEA的類型型Itiswidelyusedinbothmanufacturingandtransactionalareas在制造造和服服務(wù)流流程中中都可可以使使用SYSTEM系統(tǒng)FMEASystemFMEAisusedtoanalyzesystemsandsubsystemsintheearlyconceptualdesignstages.SFMEA是用來(lái)來(lái)在早早期構(gòu)構(gòu)思設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)階階段分分析系系統(tǒng)與與子系系統(tǒng)DESIGN設(shè)計(jì)FMEADesignFMEAisusedtoanalyzeproductsbeforetheyarereleasedtoproductionDFMEA是用來(lái)來(lái)在生生產(chǎn)發(fā)發(fā)布前前分析析產(chǎn)品品。PROCESS過(guò)程FMEAProcessFMEAisusedtoanalyzemanufacturing,assemblyandadministrativeprocessesPFMEA用來(lái)分分析制制造、、裝配配和管管理過(guò)過(guò)程WhenShouldWeImplementFMEA?應(yīng)在什什么時(shí)時(shí)候?qū)崒?shí)施FMEA？WeShouldStartFMEA我們應(yīng)應(yīng)開(kāi)始始FMEAASEARLYASPOSSIBLE越早越越好！！StartandEndprocess開(kāi)始和結(jié)束束SYSTEM系統(tǒng)DESIGN設(shè)計(jì)PROCESS過(guò)程START開(kāi)始Aftersystemfunctionsaredefined,beforespecifichardwareisselected當(dāng)系統(tǒng)功能定義后，在特殊硬件選定前。Afterproductfunctionsanddesignconceptsaredefined

butbeforethedesigniscompleted當(dāng)產(chǎn)品功能和設(shè)計(jì)概念定義后，在設(shè)計(jì)完成前Whenpreliminarydrawingsareavailablebutbefore

toolingdesigniscompleted當(dāng)初始圖紙已應(yīng)用，但在工裝設(shè)計(jì)完成前END結(jié)束Whentheprojectisturnedovertodesign當(dāng)項(xiàng)目轉(zhuǎn)化成設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)Whenfinaldrawingsarereleased當(dāng)最終圖紙發(fā)布前。Whentheproductreachesendoflifeorisremoved

fromproduction當(dāng)該產(chǎn)品壽命終止或不再生產(chǎn)ProcessFMEAFormat過(guò)程FMEA格式PFMEA圖表產(chǎn)品：:FMEA編號(hào)：過(guò)程FMEA過(guò)程/操作；第頁(yè)頁(yè)共頁(yè)頁(yè)計(jì)劃編制參參考：:日期：編制：城市過(guò)程描述潛在失效模模式S潛在失效的起因O現(xiàn)行控制DRPN優(yōu)先措施責(zé)任人和完成日期采取的措施施措施結(jié)果潛在失效后后果功能SODRPN探測(cè)度頻度數(shù)嚴(yán)重度RPN=SxOxD糾正措施ProcessFailureMode過(guò)程失效模模式Itisthemannerinwhichtheprocesscouldfailtoperformitsintendedfunction.潛在失效模模式是過(guò)程程可能發(fā)生生的不滿足足其原有功功能的形式式Thefailuremodeofaparticularprocessstepcouldbeacausetoasubsequentsteporaneffectofthefailureinapreviousoperation.某一工序的的失效模式式可能是后后續(xù)操作（（下道工序序）的起因因，或前期期操作（前前道工序））相關(guān)的潛潛在失效的的后果。ProcessFailureMode過(guò)程失效模模式EffectforPreviousOperationistheCauseforNextOperation前工序的的的后果，是是后工序的的原因PREVIOUSOPERATION前道工序NEXTOPERATION下道工序EFFECT后果FAILUREMODE失效模式CAUSE原因PotentialCauses潛在原因ProcessFMEAconsidersprocessvariabilitydueto:5M+E過(guò)程FMEA考慮是由于于如下原因因造成的過(guò)過(guò)程變異性性:5M+EMACHINE機(jī)器ENVIRONMENT環(huán)境MEASUREMENT測(cè)量MAN人員METHOD方法MATERIAL物料CurrentControls現(xiàn)行控制CurrentProcessControlsaredescriptionsofthecontrolsthat現(xiàn)行控制是是對(duì)以下控控制的描述述eitherpreventtotheextentpossiblethefailuremodefromoccurring盡可能的防防止失效模模式的發(fā)生生ordetectthefailuremodeshoulditoccur或當(dāng)失效模模式發(fā)生時(shí)時(shí)能夠查覺(jué)覺(jué)它Assessmentoftheabilitytodetectthefailurebeforemovetothenextprocessorshippedtothecustomer.在產(chǎn)品制移移交下道工工序前或交交付給客戶戶前，對(duì)查查覺(jué)失效能能力的評(píng)估估CurrentControls現(xiàn)行控制Capabilityofallcontrolsintheprocesstopreventescapes過(guò)程中預(yù)防防壞品流出出的所有控控制能力Testing檢測(cè)SPC統(tǒng)計(jì)過(guò)程控控制GaugeR&R量化重復(fù)性性和再現(xiàn)性性ProcessCapabilityStudy過(guò)程能力分分析SampleInspection抽樣檢驗(yàn)ProcessAudit過(guò)程審核CurrentControls現(xiàn)行控制ScoringCategories評(píng)分類別Scoresareassignedtothefollowing3categories:對(duì)以下3類進(jìn)行評(píng)分分：SEVERITY(S)嚴(yán)重度Theseriousnessofthepotentialfailuremodetothecustomer.Thecustomerincludeslocalsystem,nextlevelandenduser.Severityappliestotheeffectonly.潛在失效模式對(duì)客戶的嚴(yán)重度。這里所指的客戶包括系統(tǒng)，下個(gè)工序和最終用戶。嚴(yán)重度只適用于結(jié)果OCCURRENCE(O)發(fā)生頻率Howfrequentaspecificcausewilloccurandresultinaspecificfailuremode.Theoccurrencerankingnumberhasameaningratherthanavalue.造成某種失效模式的某個(gè)原因多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間發(fā)生一次。發(fā)生頻率的重點(diǎn)并不在于它的得分，而是它的意義DETECTION(D)可探測(cè)度Probabilityofthecurrent/proposedcontrolmechanismtodetectandidentifythefailuremode是指當(dāng)前或?qū)⒁脕?lái)探測(cè)或鑒別失效模式的控制設(shè)備能多探測(cè)出失效模式的概率RiskPriorityNumber風(fēng)險(xiǎn)優(yōu)先指指數(shù)RPN=OxSxD/EWhere:其中O--Occurrencex發(fā)生頻率S--Severityx嚴(yán)重性D--Detection可探測(cè)性orE–Effectiveness有效性ShortcomingsofRPNRPN的缺點(diǎn)A845160B485160SAMERESULT!相同的結(jié)果果FailureMode失效模式S嚴(yán)重度O發(fā)生頻度D/E有效性RPN風(fēng)險(xiǎn)優(yōu)先指指數(shù)ActionPriority措施優(yōu)先級(jí)級(jí)別ABCDOver200100-19926-991-25PRIORITY優(yōu)先級(jí)別RPNRANGERPN范圍Thisisforreferenceonly僅供參考FMEABestAppliedFor

FMEA最適合應(yīng)用用于什么？？Thereisachangefrompreviousversion同以前相比比有變化的的Processcontrolishighlyoperatordependent過(guò)程控制主主要依賴于于操作員Newtechnologyintroduced包含新技術(shù)術(shù)Haveahighdegreeofvariation變異較多的的Thereisachronicallyproblem長(zhǎng)期存在問(wèn)問(wèn)題的FMEAisbestappliedforthefollowingdesignorprocesses...FMEA最適合應(yīng)用用于以下設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)或過(guò)程程……HowIsFMEAAppliedinSixSigmaFMEA在6Sigma中的運(yùn)用FMEAinputistheprocessflowchartFMEA的輸入是流程圖。Input輸入ProcessFlowchart流程圖Process過(guò)程FMEAOutput輸出HighPriorityFailureModes&CausesofFailure高優(yōu)先級(jí)失失效模式及及失效原因因FMEAisananalyticalprocess.FMEA是一個(gè)分析的過(guò)程。。FMEAoutputisprioritizedkeyprocessinputvariables.FMEA的輸出是一一個(gè)有優(yōu)先級(jí)級(jí)的失效模式和失失效原因。。FMEAExample-Step1FMEA例子-步驟11.Fillintheheaderinformation填寫(xiě)標(biāo)題信信息(1).Describetheprocess流程描述(2).NumbertheFMEA編號(hào)(3).IdentifytheBB/GB確定人選(4).Identifypagenumbers確定頁(yè)數(shù)(5).Listteammembers列出小組成成員(6).Nametheprepared填表人(7).EntertheFMEAdate輸入FMEA日期(8).Entertherevisiondate輸入改版日日期(1)(3)(5)(2)(4)(6)(7)(8)FMEAExample-Step2

FMEA例子-步驟22.Writedowntheprocesssteps.填寫(xiě)流程程步驟AddallvalueaddedprocessstepsfromtheprocessmaptotheFMEAform.把所有增增值流程程步驟填填入FMEA表格Start開(kāi)始End結(jié)束Step2AStep2BStep2CStep1ApplicationofWaxinsidedoorGood?Rework返工YesNoFMEAExample-Step3FMEA例子-步驟3Writedownthefunctionsforeachprocessstep對(duì)每個(gè)流流程步驟驟，列出出功能Functionsarestatementsofwhattheprocessstepshouldaccomplish.Itcanalsobespecificationsifpossible.功能可以以是規(guī)格格（如果果可行）），或者是流流程步驟驟所要完完成工作作的描述述FMEAExample-Step4FMEA例子-步驟44.1.Writedownthepotentialfailuremodeforeachfunction.對(duì)每個(gè)功功能，列列出潛在在失效模式FMEAKeyPointsAboutStep4.1步驟4.1中的FMEA的重點(diǎn)KeypointsaboutStep4.1:步驟4.1中的重點(diǎn)點(diǎn):Failuremodesarestatementsofdeficiencyoffunctions.失效模式是對(duì)對(duì)功能的負(fù)面面描述Failuremodesarenotcauses.失效模式不是是原因.Donotdiscussthecauses.Leavethecausestostep4.4不要在此階段段討論原因，，在步驟4.4中才討論原因因4.1.Writedownthepotentialfailuremodeforeachfunction.對(duì)每個(gè)功能，，列出潛在失失效模式FMEAExample-Step4.2

FMEA例子-步驟4.24.2.Foreachfailuremode,listtheeffectoffailure對(duì)每個(gè)失效模模式，列出失效效的后果FMEAKeyPointsAboutStep4.2步驟4.2中FMEA的重點(diǎn)KeypointsaboutStep4.2:步驟4.2中的重點(diǎn)Listonly““worstcase”effectsoffailure.只列出最壞的的失效后果Describewhatactuallyhappenswhenthefailuremodeoccurs,ratherthanusinggeneralstatementlike“PartFailed”or“RejectedbyCustomer””抓住失效模式式發(fā)生時(shí)實(shí)際際的情形，避避免概括性描描述，如“部部件不合格””或“客戶投投訴”。Themorespecificisthedescriptioninthiscolumn,theeasierwillbethelatersteps(estimatingseverity&listingcauses).通過(guò)本節(jié)的具具體描述，使使后面的步驟驟（估計(jì)嚴(yán)重重性和找出原原因）變的容容易。4.2.Foreachfailuremode,listtheeffectoffailure對(duì)每個(gè)失效模模式，列出失效效的后果FMEA-Step4.3步驟4.34.3.Writedowntheseverityforeacheffectoffailure對(duì)每個(gè)失效的的后果，評(píng)估嚴(yán)重重性FMEA-Step4.3:AIAG*SeverityGuidelines

FMEA-Step4.3:AIAG*嚴(yán)重性指南Note:AIAGistheAutomotiveIndustryActionGroup,whichcurrentlycompilestheFMEAstandardsfortheNorthAmericanAutoIndustry.備注：AIAG是汽車工業(yè)行行動(dòng)集團(tuán)縮寫(xiě)寫(xiě)，為目前美美國(guó)汽車工業(yè)業(yè)FMEA編寫(xiě)者FMEAKeyPointsAboutStep4.3步驟4.3FMEA的重點(diǎn)4.3.Writedowntheseverityforeacheffectoffailure對(duì)每個(gè)失效后后果評(píng)估其嚴(yán)重性KeypointsaboutStep4.3:步驟4.3的重點(diǎn)：Someusersadopta1to5system.有些用戶采用用1-5分的系統(tǒng)Whateverguidelinesareused…無(wú)論使用那種種指南……KeepacopywithyourFMEA.保存FMEA的附件Alwaysmakethehighestnumbermostsevere,thelowestleastsevere.始終讓最高嚴(yán)嚴(yán)重性為最高高分，最低嚴(yán)嚴(yán)重性為最最低分FMEAExample-Step4.4

FMEA例子-步驟4.44.4.Writedownthecausesforeachfailuremode對(duì)每個(gè)失效模模式，列出原原因FMEAKeyPointsAboutStep4.4對(duì)每個(gè)失效模模式，列出原原因KeypointsaboutStep4.4:步驟4.4的重點(diǎn)UseCauseandEffectDiagramstodoathoroughinvestigationofcausesfortoughfailuremodes.對(duì)主要失效模模式用因果圖圖作一次徹底底的原因分析析Sometimeshypothesistestingcanbeusefulindemonstratingwhetheracauseisstrong.有時(shí)假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)驗(yàn)?zāi)苡兄谧C證明一個(gè)原因因是否強(qiáng)弱4.4.Writedownthecausesforeachfailuremode.對(duì)每個(gè)失效模模式，列出原原因Verifytheimportanceofcausestoreducethelistofcauses.通過(guò)驗(yàn)證列出出原因的重要要性，防止有有太多的原因因Ifthecausesarealreadyknowntoeveryone,youmaynotcometotherealrootcause.如果你列出那那些是大家都都知道的原因因，你可能仍仍未找到根本本原因FMEAExample-Step4.5

FMEA例子-步驟4.54.5Assessthelikelihoodofoccurrence.評(píng)估發(fā)生頻率率FMEAExample-Step4.5:AIAG*OccurrenceGuidelinesAIAG發(fā)生頻率指南南Note:AIAGistheAutomotiveIndustryActionGroup,whichcurrentlycompilestheFMEAstandardsfortheNorthAmericanAutoIndustry.備注：AIAG是汽車工業(yè)行行動(dòng)集團(tuán)的縮縮寫(xiě)，目前北北美汽車工業(yè)業(yè)FMEA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編寫(xiě)者FMEAKeyPointsAboutStep4.5步驟4.5FMEA的重點(diǎn)KeypointsaboutStep4.5:步驟4.5的重點(diǎn)Someusersadopta1to5system.有些用戶采用用1-5分的系統(tǒng)Whateverguidelinesareused…無(wú)論使用那種種指南……KeepacopywithyourFMEA.保存FMEA的附件Alwaysmakethehighestnumbermostfrequent,thelowestleastfrequent.始終讓最頻繁繁者為最高分分，最不頻繁繁者為最低分分4.5Assessthelikelihoodofoccurrenceforeachcauseoffailure.對(duì)每個(gè)失效原原因評(píng)估發(fā)生生頻率FMEAExample-Step4.6

FMEA例子-步驟4.64.6.Writedownlistthecurrentprocesscontrolsforeachcauseoffailure.對(duì)每個(gè)失敗的的原因，列出現(xiàn)有有流程的控制FMEAKeyPointsAboutStep4.6步驟4.6FMEA的重點(diǎn)KeypointsaboutStep4.6:步驟4.6的重點(diǎn)Writedowntheactualcontrols,notthe““Wannabe”controls.確保列出實(shí)際際控制方法,不要列“最理理想”的控制制Bebrutallyhonest,ifthereisnocontrol,justsayit.要坦白誠(chéng)實(shí)，，如果沒(méi)有控控制要說(shuō)出來(lái)來(lái)Normally,thereisnocontrolforthecauseofthefailuremode;butthereisacontroltodetectthefailuremodeitself.一般情況是，，對(duì)失效模式式的原因沒(méi)有有控制，但對(duì)對(duì)探測(cè)失效模模式本身有控控制4.6.Writedownthecurrentprocesscontrolsforeachcauseoffailure.對(duì)每個(gè)失敗的的原因，列出現(xiàn)有有過(guò)程的控制ProcessControlExample過(guò)程控制案例例Inaninjectionmoldingprocess,injectionpressureofover8000pieze(kilo-pascals)leadstoasmallerdimension.Atalaterstage,thismakesassemblydifficult.有一個(gè)模具注注塑工序，注注塑壓力超過(guò)過(guò)8000皮茲（1000帕斯卡）導(dǎo)致致尺寸偏差，，在后面階段段，裝配變的的很困難Aprocesscontrolonthecause(injectionpressure)mightbeasensoronthehydrauliccircuit.對(duì)這個(gè)原因（（注塑壓力））的過(guò)程控制制可能是一個(gè)個(gè)壓感應(yīng)器ProcessControlExample過(guò)程控制案例例Aprocesscontrolonthefailuremode(smallerdimension)mightbeaninspectiononthedimension.對(duì)這種失效模模式（尺寸偏偏差）的流程程控制可能是是對(duì)每個(gè)部件件的尺寸進(jìn)行行檢查FMEAExample-Step4.7

FMEA例子-步驟4.74.7.Estimatethedetectionforeachprocesscontrol.對(duì)每個(gè)過(guò)程控控制，估計(jì)可可測(cè)性FMEAExample-Step4.7:AIAG*DetectionGuidelinesAIAG的可測(cè)性指南南Note:AIAGistheAutomotiveIndustryActionGroup,whichcurrentlycompilestheFMEAstandardsfortheNorthAmericanAutoIndustry.備注：AIAG是汽車工業(yè)行行動(dòng)集團(tuán)的縮縮寫(xiě)，目前北北美汽車工業(yè)業(yè)FMEA標(biāo)準(zhǔn)編寫(xiě)者FMEAExample-Step5

FMEA例子-步驟55.ComputetheRiskPriorityNumberforeachcauseoffailure.對(duì)每個(gè)失效原原因，計(jì)算風(fēng)險(xiǎn)優(yōu)先先指數(shù)FMEAKeyPointsAboutStep5步驟5FMEA的重點(diǎn)KeypointsaboutStep5:對(duì)每個(gè)失效原原因，計(jì)算風(fēng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)優(yōu)先指數(shù)數(shù)Anyfailuremodewithaseverityof9or10mustbeidentifiedashighpriorityregardlessoftheRPN.任何嚴(yán)重性為為9-10的失效模式必必須看成優(yōu)先先級(jí)高的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)AddressingthehighestRPNsismoreimportantthansettinganactualtarget(allRPNs<150,forexample).處理最高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)（RPN）比設(shè)定目標(biāo)標(biāo)（所有RPNs<150為例）更重要要DifferentteamswillobtaindifferentRPNs.不同小組會(huì)產(chǎn)產(chǎn)生不同RPNsUsethehighRPNstoidentifycriticalissues(failuremodes,causesoffailures,keyprocessinputs).把高RPNs作為關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題題（失效模式式，原因模式式，關(guān)鍵過(guò)程程輸入）5.ComputetheRiskPriorityNumberforeachcauseoffailure.對(duì)每個(gè)失效原原因，計(jì)算風(fēng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)優(yōu)先指數(shù)數(shù)FMEAExample-Step6

FMEA例子-步驟66.Developrecommendedactionsforhighprioritycausesoffailureand/orfailuremodes,.對(duì)高優(yōu)先級(jí)失失效原因或者者失效模式建建議采取行動(dòng)動(dòng)FMEAKeyPointsaboutStep6步驟6FMEA的重點(diǎn)KeypointsaboutStep6:步驟6的重點(diǎn)Reducingtheoccurrenceisthemostcosteffectivewaytoreducerisk.降低發(fā)發(fā)生頻頻率是是最經(jīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)有有效的的方法法來(lái)降降低風(fēng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Actionsrecommendedshouldbelowcostandeffective.所建議議的行行動(dòng)應(yīng)應(yīng)該低低成本本而且且有效效Trytothinkoflowcostactionsthatwillreducetheoccurrence.嘗試考考慮低低成本本行動(dòng)動(dòng)來(lái)降降低發(fā)發(fā)生頻頻率Makeuseofideasofallteammembersforimprovement.利用全全體成成員的的智慧慧對(duì)過(guò)過(guò)程進(jìn)進(jìn)行改改善6.Developrecommendedactionsforhighprioritycausesoffailureand/orfailuremodes,.對(duì)高優(yōu)優(yōu)先級(jí)級(jí)失效效原因因或者者失效效模式式，建建議采采取行行動(dòng)MoreAboutFMEA-Step6步驟66.Assignresponsibilityandcompletiondeadlineforeachrecommendedaction,.對(duì)每個(gè)個(gè)建議議的行行動(dòng)，，指定定責(zé)任任人和和完成成日期期FMEA-Step7FMEA-步驟77.Implementtheactionandverifyitseffectforeachrecommendedaction.對(duì)每個(gè)個(gè)建議議的行行動(dòng)，，完成成并記記錄結(jié)結(jié)果FMEAKeyPointsAboutStep7步驟7FMEA的重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)KeypointsaboutStep7:步驟7的重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)Wasitimplemented?YesorNo.落實(shí)了了嗎？？是或或不是是Howeffectivewasit?Getdata.有效性性如何何？取取得數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)7.Implementtheactionandverifyitseffectforeachrecommendedaction.對(duì)每個(gè)個(gè)建議議的行行動(dòng)，，完成成并記記錄結(jié)結(jié)果FMEAExample-Step8FMEA例子-步驟88.Re-assesstheseverity,occurrenceanddetectionrankingsandrecalculatetheRPNforeachimplementedaction對(duì)每項(xiàng)項(xiàng)完成成的行行動(dòng)，，重新新估計(jì)計(jì)嚴(yán)重重性、、發(fā)生生頻率率和可可測(cè)性性并重重新計(jì)計(jì)算RPN。FMEAKeyPointsAboutStep8步驟8FMEA的重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)KeypointsaboutStep8:步驟8的重點(diǎn)點(diǎn)NeverrecalculateanRPNwithoutimplementinganimprovement!Guessingisnotallowed!在改進(jìn)進(jìn)行動(dòng)動(dòng)沒(méi)有有完成成前，，永遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不要重算算RPN，猜測(cè)測(cè)都不不允許許！Usually,itisdifficulttoreducetheseverityofafailuremode.However,sometimesafailuremodecanbeeliminated.通常，，很難難降低低失效效模式式的嚴(yán)嚴(yán)重性性，不過(guò)，，有時(shí)時(shí)能消消除失失效模模式。。ThemosteffectiveRPNreductionisreducingthelikelihoodofoccurrence.最有有效效降降低低RPN的方方法法是是減減低低可可能能的的發(fā)生生頻頻率率TheleasteffectiveRPNreductionisincreasinginspection(reducingthedetectionranking).Although,Poka-Yokecanreducethedetectionrankingandreducecost!RPN最沒(méi)沒(méi)效效的的降降低低方方法法是是增增加加檢檢查查（（降降低低探探測(cè)測(cè)性性等等級(jí)級(jí)）），，雖雖然然如如此此，，POKA-YOKE防錯(cuò)錯(cuò)方方法法能能降降低低探探測(cè)測(cè)等等級(jí)級(jí)并并降降低低成成本本8.Re-assesstheseve