培訓課件1.平行跑道運行理論依據(jù)

精密跑道監(jiān)2015-8- ILS/PRM和PRM程序應2015-8- 國 組織ICAOFAA相關文2015-8-

運行模

2015-8- 系統(tǒng)上進近的航空器之間不需要配備規(guī)定的間隔時，2015-8- 、跑道中心線的間距小于米但不小于米的，配備適當?shù)亩伪O(jiān)視設備，其方位精度不得小于0.06度，更新周期不得大、跑道中心線的間距小于米但不小于米的，配備適當?shù)谋O(jiān)視，其方位精度不得小于0.3度，更新周期不得大于5秒或者優(yōu)于該設備的二次監(jiān)視設備，但應當確定該設備能夠保證航空3、1525米的0.352015-8- 2015-8- 航空器沒有進入劃定合中民航空 》規(guī)的小向隔。 在相鄰的最后進近航陸系統(tǒng)下滑道前，應當將航空器通信移交給相應的塔 員監(jiān)視每條跑道進近 員，應當具有對相應的機 頻超控的能2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- 用“高邊”和“低邊”進行引導，以保證航空器在建立各“高邊”和“低邊”航空器在建立各自的航向道之前有300米的高度差，應當引導“低邊”航空器在距下滑道切 之前，“高邊”航空器的高度應當比“低邊”航空器的高2015-8- 千米2015-8- 2015-8- 系統(tǒng)上進近的航空器之間需要配備規(guī)定的間隔時，在2015-8- 兩條跑道中心線的間距要求：兩條平行跑道中心線的間距不小915米時，允許航空器按照相關平行儀表進近的模式運行使 引導切入儀表著陸系統(tǒng)航向道配備適當?shù)谋O(jiān) 設備，其方位精度不得小于0.3度，更新周期得大于5兩條跑道上都在進行儀表著陸系統(tǒng)進員已經(jīng)告知航空器兩條跑道都可以實施進近，或者航空器通機場自動終 服務已經(jīng)收到此 一條跑道的進近復飛航跡與相鄰跑道的進近復飛航跡的擴散角不于30進 員具備超控塔 員無線電通話的能力2015-8- 2015-8- 在兩條相鄰的儀表著陸系統(tǒng)航向道上同時進近的航空器之間的達間隔不小于4千米2015-8- 2015-8- 實施平行跑道獨立平行離場應當具備下列條件跑道中心線的間距符合規(guī)定：兩條平行跑道中心線的間距不小760米時，允許航空器按照獨立平行離場的模式運兩條離場航跡在航空器起飛后立即建立不小于15度的擴散角具有能夠在跑道末端外2千米以內識別航空器的監(jiān) 設備 2015-8-

是否需要1525米(5000英尺)或以 45 不需1525米(5000英尺)或以 452015-8- 跑道間距起飛后的航跡夾角是否需要小于1525米(5000英尺)大于760米(2500英尺760米(2500英尺)或以上15以上需要15或以上2015-8- 2015-8- 實 平行運行應當具備下列條件 2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- 11ILS/PRM和LDA/PRM含22ILS/PRM和LDA/PRM使用背2015-8- 系統(tǒng)（PrecisionRunwayMonitor， 2015-8- PRM系統(tǒng)的是一個高分辨率有別于慣常采用的。它可以每秒鐘一轉的高速做電子掃描，較傳統(tǒng)更2015-8- ILS/PRMRwy2015-8-NTZ—NoTransgression 2015-8- 間區(qū)域的寬度，并且不得小于610米。（123 2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- WithoutPRM,ATCisrequiredtoapplya2NMstaggerseparationbetweenaircraftonadjacentILSapproaches.沒有PRM運行，在相鄰的ILS進近航道錯的間隔WithPRM,aircraftcanbeprocessedindependentlyofanytrafficontheadjacentapproachtrack.Separationisassuredbyrequiringanyaircraftthatdeviatessignificantlyfromtheapproachtracktoimmediayturnawayfromtheadjacentapproachpath.Affectedaircraftontheadjacentapproachwillalsobeturnedawayimmediay.2015-8- ThespecialisedcontrollerinterfaceswillalertATCtoanytendencyanaircraftmayhavetodeviatetowardstheadjacentcentreline.InthiseventthePRMControllerwilladvisethepilotoftheA"NoTransgressionZone"(NTZ)withawidthof610metresisestablishedbetweentheparallelapproachpathstoprovideasuitablesafetybufferbetweenaircraftonadjacentILSapproaches.IfanaircraftisobservedtopenetratetheNTZ,a"Breakout"procedurewillbeinitiatedimmedia ybythePRMControllerandboththataircraftandanyingaircraftontheapproachwillbeturned

在專門的員界面上，當存在任何長線時，也會向員提供告警。在這種情況下PRM員會通知立一個610米寬的非侵入?yún)^(qū)（NTZ）2015-8- InstrumentApproachSOIAisanacronymforSimultaneousOffsetInstrumentApproach,aprocedureusedtoconductsimultaneousapproachestorunwaysspacedlessthan3,000feet,butatleast750feetapart.TheSOIAprocedureutilizesanILS/PRMapproachtoonerunwayandanoffsetLocalizerTypeDirectionalAid(LDA)/PRMapproachwithglideslopetotheadjacentrunway.2015-8- 2015-8- LocalizerDirectionalAidAlateralguidancefacility,whichprovideslocalizertypeguidancebutdoesnotmeetlocalizersiting/alignment2015-8- LDAPRMRwy2015-8- SFO2015-8- ILS/PRM和LDA/PRM使用背 2015-8- BOS–BostonLogan2015-8- DFWDFW–Dallas-FortWorthLAX–LosAngeles2015-8- SFOSFO–SanFrancisco2015-8- 2015-8- Increasedrunwaycapacityofupto30percentinreducedvisibilityconditions,decreasesinlatearrivals,jetfuelsavingsinherentineliminatingdelayedlandingsandexcessiveholdingpatterns,andreductionsincrewflyingtimeperflight2015-8- Airservices—悉尼機—國航

ILS/PRM或者—SFO、ATL、STL等2015-8- 飛行人員的培訓與要ToflyanILSPRM,pilotsmusthavethefollowing "ILSPRMApproaches-APilot'sB、BethoroughlyfamiliarwiththeILSequivalentoperationals的ILSPRM進近程序。參考DAPJeppesen澳大利亞空通管理,規(guī)則和2015-8- CFamiliarizationwiththeC、熟悉BREAKOUT程序和術D、Completionofantheoperator'strainingcheckingorganization,orchiefpilotholdinginstrumentratingrenewalapproval,orflyingtrainingschoolholdinginstrumenttrainingapproval.2015-8- Pilotswhocompletethetrainingthroughanapprovedflighttrainingschoolmustobtainalogbookendorsementbythattraining 獲得訓練機構的飛行記錄簿Simulatortraininginbreakoutproceduresisnotmandatorybutis mended,particularlyinaircraftfittedwithautomatedflightguidancesystems雖然這不是強制性的,但我們強烈推薦在模擬機上進行中斷進近的模擬訓練,.特別2015-8- IfunabletoparticipateinanILSPRMapproach,pilotsmustnotifyATCpriorto120DMESY(orifdepartingfromwithin120DMESYonfirstcontactwithATC).ILSPRM進近在120DMESY (者在小于120DMESY的離場時, PilotswhoarenotILSPRMqualifiedwillbeclearedforastandardILSapproachandATCwillapplydependantseparationstandardsbetweenaircraft.WhileILSPRMAPCHareinuseACFTabletocomplywithILSPRMPROCwillbeaffordedpriorityovernon–compliant2015-8- IfunabletoparticipateinanILSPRMapproach,pilotsmustnotifyATCpriorto120DMESY(orifdepartingfromwithin120DMESYonfirstcontactwithATC).

如果不能進行ILSPRM進近必須在120DMESY之前告知通（或者在小于120DMESY的離場時,于第一次和空通的通2015-8- 進近圖APPROACHAPPROACH進近Therearenowtwo(2)ILSchartsforeachparallelrunway.ENSURETHATYOUUSETHEILSPRMCHART.跑道.確保你使用的是正確的ILSPRM圖2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- AUTOPILOTCOUPLED自動駕駛耦合進AUTOPILOTCOUPLEDAPPROACHES: mendedthatILSPRMapproachesareflownwiththeaircraftautopilotcoupledwheneverpracticable.PRM進近的飛行。2015-8- 服務自動航 服TheATISwilladvisewhenILSPRMapproachesareinprogress.如果使用了ILSPRM進近程序,自行員明確正在實施ILSPRM進近2015-8- 雙甚高頻要求(DualVHFRequirementsDualVHFToavoidblockedtransmission,eachwillhavebothaTWRandaPRMTheTWRandPRMcontrollerswilltransmitonbothfrequencies.PILOTSMUSTtransmitontheTWRfrequencyONLY,butLISTENTOBOTH.Itisimportantthatthevolumeofbothfrequenciesissettothesamelevelsothattransmissionsareheardonatleastonefrequencyiftheotherisblocked.

TWR頻率和一個PRM頻率.頻率員會同時發(fā)報到2個頻率上 2015-8- Example：A"breakout"wouldbeissuedbythePRMonbothfrequencies.Intheeventoffrequencycongestionorover-transmissiononthetowerfrequency,thepilotwillstillhearthebreakoutinstructiononthePRMfrequency.例如:PRM員發(fā)出指令到兩個頻率上。在TWR頻率擠或傳輸阻斷的情況下，仍會聽到在PRM的頻率BREAKOUT。PilotsmusthavetherelevantPRMfrequencyselectedpriortotransfertoaerodromecontrol.ItisimportantthePRMfrequencyvolumeispresetpriortothistransfer.當?shù)腜RM頻率.在發(fā)報前調整PRM頻率2015-8- 偏TheILSPRMdisplayandradartechnologyallowsforaircrafttrackprojectionsupto10secondsinadvanceoftheactualaircraftposition.IfthePRMdisplayindicatesthatanaircraftwillpenetratetheNTZanadvisorybroadcastwillbeissuedtotheaircraft.Thephraseologywillbe：秒鐘之前,如果飛機仍無任何改變航向的操作,精密跑道儀表著陸系 會有指示.在這種情況下,精 術語為:'RADARINDICATESYOUAREDEVIATINGLEFT(ORRIGHT)OFTHELOCALIZERCOURSE'“顯示你正在向航向道（左/側）偏離。2015-8- Pilotsarenotexpectedtoacknowledgeadeviationadvisorybutshouldcomparelocalizercoursetrackingindicationsandusetheindicatormostconsistentwiththecontroller'sadvice.ThePRMcontrollerisnotexpectedtoprovideanindicationofdisplacementfromtheapplicablelocalizercourse.OnreceiptofadeviationpilotsshouldpromptlyadjustaircraftheadingtoavoidpenetratingtheNTZandregainthelocalizercourse. 2015-8- 2015-8- 中斷進IfanaircraftenterstheNTZ,itismandatoryforthePRMcontrollertoissueabreakoutinstructiontothataircraftplusanyaffectedaircraftontheadjacentlocalizercourse.Breakoutphraseologywillbe:如果有飛行器進入到NTZ,PRMTURNLEFT(orRIGHT)IMMEDIAYHEADING(3digits),CLIMB(orDESCEND)TO(altitude)'2015-8- 2015-8- Pilotsissuedwith"Breakout"instructionsareinasituationofminimallateralseparationwithanotheraircraftwithlittleornoadvancewarningofimpendingbreakout.通常發(fā)生在在沒有預先警告的況下,飛機的橫向間隔小于最小橫向間隔WhenissuedwithBreakoutinstructionsfromanILSPRMapproach,timeiscritical.ALLBREAKOUTproceduresMUSTBEHANDFLOWN.Inexceptionalcircumstancesadescendingbreakoutmaybegivenbuttheassignedaltitudewillnotbebelowtheapplicableminimumvectoringaltitude(MVA).ILSPRM進近時進行中斷進近操作時,2015-8- TCASPilotsmayselectTCASintheTAMODEormaintainRAMODEonreceiptofinstructionstocontactthe

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2015-8- 環(huán)境因素(EnvironmentalConsiderationsEnvironmental環(huán)境因InimplementingPRMintheRWY16directionatSydney,Airservices,haprovidedassurancethatitwill,consistentwiththeoverridingconcernforairsafety,takeactiontolimitthenorthernextentdownwindlegandtominimisethelengthoftimethataircraftmaintain3000ft.Additionaltrainingisbeingprovidedtocontrollerstomeettheseobjectives.Itisessentialthataircrewareawareoftheseobjectivesandassistbybearinginmindthefollowingfactors:在悉尼16號跑道實施ILSPRM進近，澳2015-8- 1.Descentprofileshouldbemaintainedinaccordancewiththedistancetoruntotouchdownorthe'baseturn'pointnotifiedbyATC.知的“三轉彎”點保持下降剖面2.OnarightcircuitforaPRMapproachtorunway16R,aircraftcannotbeturnedontothebaseleguntiltheyareatornear3000ft.Controllerswillprovideinformationtopilotsonthedistancetoruntotheidealbaseturn 2015-8- 檢查單指南(ChecklistPilotsarestronglyadvisedtoreferencecompanyoperatingproceduresbutthefollowinginstructionswillserveasaguidetoaircraftoperatingprocedures.AbbreviatedChecklistPriortoCommencingApproach：ILSPRMApproachPlate-ILSPRM進近航圖—BriefforApproachandBreakout-進近和BREAKOUTVHFFrequencies-COMI-SettoVHFCOMIVHFFrequencies-COM2SettoVHFCOM2設置PRM( PilotsmayselectTCASintheTAmodeormaintainRAmodeonreceiptofinstructionstocontacttheTower.TA或保持RA方(FCOM2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- 2015-8- FAAILS/PRM或LDA—LocalizerTypeDirectionalAid：Anapproachofcomparableutilityandaccuracytoalocalizer,butnotpartofacompleteILSandnotalignedwiththerunway.SOIA—SOIAisanacronymforSimultaneousOffsetInstrumentApproach,aprocedureusedtoconductsimultaneousapproachestorunwaysspacedlessthan3000ft,butatleast750ftapart.TheSOIAprocedureutilizesanILS/PRMapproachtoonerunwayandanoffsetLocalizer-TypeDirectionalAid(LDA)/PRMapproachwithglideslopetotheadjacentrunway2015-8- TheSAPisadesignpointalongtheextendedcenterlineoftheintendedlandingrunwayontheglideslopeat500feetabovethelandingthreshold.Itisusedtoverifyasufficientdistanceisprovidedforthevisualmaneuverafterthemissedapproachpoint(MAP)topermitthepilotstoconformtoapproved,stabilizedapproachcriteria.ThepointalongtheLDAwherethecourseseparationwiththeadjacentILSreaches3,000feet.ThealtitudeoftheglideslopeatthatpointdeterminestheapproachminimumdescentaltitudeandiswheretheNTZterminates.ManeuveringinsidetheMAPisdoneinvisualconditions.AngleformedattheintersectionoftheextendedLDArunwaycenterlineandalinedrawnbetweentheLDAMAPandtheSAP.ThesizeoftheangleisdeterminedbytheFAASOIAcomputerdesignprogram,andisdependentonwhetherHeavyaircraftusetheLDAandthespacingbetweentherunways.2015-8- DistancefromMAPtorunwaythresholdinstatute(lightcreditLDAaircraftmustseetherunwaylandingenvironmentand,iflessthanstandardradarseparationexistsbetweentheaircraftontheadjacentILScourse,theLDAaircraftmustvisuallyacquiretheILSaircraftandreportitinsighttoATCpriortotheLDAMAP.Clear2015-8- TheLDA/PRMapproachplatedisplaystherequirednotationsforcloselyspacedapproachesaswellasdepictingthevisualsegmentoftheapproach,andanotethatprovidestheseparationbetweenthetworunwaysusedforsimultaneousoperations.2015-8- ILSPRMRWYPilotTraining Specialpilottrainingrequired.PilotswhoareunabletoparticipatewillbeaffordedappropriatearrivalservicesasoperationalconditionspermitandmustnotifythecontrollingARTCCassoonaspractical,butatleast100fromdestination. 情況下，在距目的地至少100海里的requirepilotstoviewtheFAA“ILSPRMANDSOIAAPPROACHES:INFORMATIONFORAIRCARRIERPILOTS.”Refertoforadditionalinformationandtoviewordownloadthe.要 ：ILSPRM2015-8- ILSPRMRWYCondensedBriefing要點介ListentothePRMmonitorfrequencywhencommunicatingwithNORCALapproachcontrol(135.65),nolaterthanLOCintercept.時，收聽PRM ExpecttobeswitchedtoSFOTower(120.5)NEPIC(I-SFO5.3在NEPICI-SFO5.3DME)PRMmonitorfrequencymaybede-selectedafterdeterminingthattheaircraftisonthetowerfrequency.2015-8- ILSPRMRWY自動航 服WhentheATISbroadcastadvisesthatsimultaneousILS/PRMandLDA/PRMapproachesareinprogress,pilotsshouldbrieftoflytheILS/PRM28Lapproach.IflateradvisedtoexpectanILS28Lapproach,theILS/PRM28Lchartmaybeusedaftercompletingthefollowingbriefingitems:ILS/PRM28L的進近簡令。如果此后通知預期28LILS進近，在完成下列簡令項目之后，可使用ILS/PRM28L（a）Minimumsandmissedapproachproceduresareunchanged.2015-8- ILSPRMRWY自動航 服（b）Monitorfrequencynolonger（c）AdifferentglideslopeinterceptaltitudemaybeassignedwhenadvisedtoexpectILS28Lapproach.（c）當通知預期ILS28L進近時，指Simultaneousparallelapproacheswillonlybeoffered/conductedwhentheweatherisatleast2100feet(ceiling)and4 當云底至少為2100英尺和能見度4時，才會提供/2015-8- ILSPRMRWY雙套甚高頻通訊要Toavoidblockedtransmissions,eachrunwaywillhavetwofrequencies,aprimaryandamonitorfrequency.TheNORCALapproachcontrollerwilltransmitonbothThePRMMonitorcontroller‘stransmissions,ifneeded,willoverridebothfrequencies.PilotswillONLYtransmitontheapproachcontroller’sfrequency(135.65),butwilllistentobothfrequencies. 2015-8- ILSPRMRWY雙套甚高頻通訊要SelectthePRMmonitorfrequencyaudioonlywhenincontactwithNORCALapproachcontrol(135.65).Thevolumelevelsshouldbesetaboutthesameonbothradiossothatthepilotswillbeabletoheartransmissionsonatleastonefrequencyiftheotherisblocked.ThePRMmonitorfrequencymaydeselectedpassing通過NEPIC，PRM頻率可以取消選2015-8- ILSPRMRWY中斷進All"Breakouts"aretobehandToassurethatthemaneuveris intheshortestamountoftime.Pilots,whendirectedbyATCtobreakoffanapproach,mustassumethatanaircraftisblunderingtowardtheircourseandabreakoutmustbeinitiatedimmediay.2015-8- ILSPRMRWY中斷進（a）ATCDirected（a）ATC指揮“中斷進ATCdirectedbreakoutswillconsistofaturnandaclimbordescent.Pilotsmustalwaysinitiatethebreakoutinresponsetoanairtrafficcontrollerinstruction.Controllerswillgiveadescendingbreakoutonlywhentherearenootherreasonableoptionsavailable,butinnocasewillthedescentbebelowminimumvectoringaltitude(MVA)whichprovidesatleast1,000feetrequiredobstructionclearance.TheMVAinthefinalapproachsegmentis1600feetatSanFranciscoInternationalAirport. （MVA）是1600英尺2015-8- ILSPRMRWY中斷進（b）Phraseology-"TRAFFICIfanaircraftentersthe"NOTRANSGRESSIONZONE(NTZ)",thecontrollerwillbreakoutthethreatenedaircraftontheadjacentapproach.Thephraseologyforthebreakoutwillbe:“TRAFFICALERT,(aircraftcallsign)TURN(left/right)IMMEDIAY,HEADING2015-8- ILSPRMRWYDescendingon(notabove)the下降到ILS下滑ensurescomplyingwithanychartedcrossingrestrictionsandassiststrafficontheLDAPRM28RapproachtomitigatepossiblewaketurbulenceencounterswithoutdestabilizingtheLDAapproachandcreatingago-around.能出現(xiàn)的尾流對LDA/PRM28R進近的影2015-8- ILSPRMRWYLDALDA交通活WhileconductingtheILS/PRMapproachtoRunway28L,otheraircraftmaybeconductingtheoffsetLDA/PRMapproachtoRunway28R.Theseaircraftwillapproachfromtheright-rearandwillre-alignwith28RaftermakingvisualcontactwiththeILStraffic.2015-8- 2015-8- PilotTraining Specialpilottrainingrequired.Pilotswhoareunabletoparticipate,ordispatchersontheirbehalf,mustcontactthe mandCenterpriortodeparture(1- or703-904-4452)toobtainanarrivalreservation.Non-participatingpilotsenroutetoSFOasanalternate,ortrainedpilotsthatareunexpectedlyunabletoparticipateduetoin-flightcircumstanceswillbeaffordedappropriatearrivalservicesasoperationalconditionspermit. 2015-8- PilotTraining Non-participatingpilotsshallnotifytheOaklandARTCCassoonaspractical,butatleast100fromSanFranciscoInternationalAirport.未能參與PRM進近 但至少應在距SFO機場100海里.requirepilotstoviewtheFAA要求：ILSPRMANDFORAIRCARRIERPILOTS.”Referforadditionalinformationandtoviewdownloadthe2015-8- CondensedBriefing要點介ListentothePRMmonitorfrequencywhencommunicatingwiththeNORCALapproachcontrol(120.35),nolaterthanLOCintercept.當聯(lián)系到NORCAL進近頻率 ReporttheILStrafficinsightassoonaspracticalandpriortoDARNE.DONOTPASS.ExpecttobeswitchedtoSFOtower(120.5)DARNE(I-FNP4.0在DARNEI-FNP4.0DME)換到SFOtower120.5RemainontheLDAuntilpassing(LDAMAP)soasnottopenetratethe保持LDA直至通過DARNEMAP)，不能進入到非侵入?yún)^(qū)NTZPRMmonitorfrequencymaybede-selectedafterdeterminingthattheaircraftisontower2015-8- 自動航 服WhentheATISbroadcastadvisesthatsimultaneousILS/PRMandLDA/PRMapproachesareinprogress,pilotsshouldbrieftoflytheLDA/PRM28Rapproach.IflateradvisedtoexpectanLDADME28Rapproach,theLDA/PRM28Rchartmaybeusedaftercompletingthefollowingbriefingitems：LDA/PRM28R的進近簡令。如果此后通知預期LDA/DME28R進近，在LDA/PRM28R的圖表：(a)Minimumsandmissedapproachproceduresareunchanged.2015-8- （b）Monitorfrequencyno(c)AdifferentglideslopeinterceptaltitudemaybeassignedwhenadvisedtoexpectLDA/DME28Rapproach.當通知預期LDA/DME28R進近時，指定Simultaneousparallelapproacheswillonlybeoffered/conductedwhentheweatherisatleast2100feet(ceiling)and 2015-8- 雙套甚高頻通訊要Toavoidblockedtransmissions,eachrunwaywillhavetwofrequencies,aprimaryandamonitorfrequency.TheNORCALapproachcontrollerwilltransmitonbothThePRMMonitorcontroller‘stransmissions,ifneeded,willoverridebothfrequencies.PilotswillONLYtransmitontheapproachcontroller’sfrequency(120.35),butwilllistentobothfrequencies. 2015-8- 雙套甚高頻通訊要SelectthePRMmonitorfrequencyaudioonlywhenincontactwithNORCALapproachcontrol(120.35).Thevolumelevelsshouldbesetaboutthesameonbothradiossothatthepilotswillbeabletoheartransmissionsonatleastonefrequencyiftheotherisblocked.Ifexecutingamissedapproachatbegintherightturnassoonas2015-8- 中斷進All"Breakouts"aretobehandToassurethatthemaneuveris in