2023年12月第3套四級(jí)真題

2023年12月四級(jí)考試真題〔第三套〕PartIWritingDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaybasedonthepicturebelow.YoushouldstartyouressaywithabriefaccountoftheimpactoftheInternetonlearningandthenexplainwhydoesn’tsimplymeanlearningtoobtaininformation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.“OnceIlearnhowtouseGoogle,isn’tthatalltheeducationIreallyneed?〞PartIIListeningComprehension說明：2023年12月四級(jí)真題全國(guó)共考了兩套聽力。本套〔即第三套〕的聽力內(nèi)容與第二套的完全一樣，只是選項(xiàng)的順序不一樣而已，故在本套中不再重復(fù)給出。SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.AMessontheLadderofSuccessA) ThroughoutAmericanhistorytherehasalmostalwaysbeenatleastonecentraleconomicnarrativethatgavetheambitiousorunsatisfiedreasontopackupandseektheirfortuneelsewhere.Forthefirst300orsoyearsofEuropeansettlement,thestorywasaboutmovingoutward:gettingimmigrantstothecontinentandthentothefrontiertocleartheprairies〔大草原〕,draintheswampsandbuildnewcities.B) Bytheendofthe19thcentury,asthefrontiervanished,theU.S.hadamildpanicattack.Whatwouldthisenergetic,entrepreneurialcountrybewithoutnewlandstoconquer?Somepeople,suchasTeddyRooseveltdecidedtokeeponconquering(Cuba,thePhilippines,etc.),buteventually,inindustrialization,theU.S.foundanewnarrativeofeconomicmobilityathome.Fromthe1890stothe1960s,peoplemovedfromfarmtocity,firstintheNorthandthenintheSouth.Infact,bythe1950s,therewasenoughprosperityandwhite-collarworkthatmanybegantomovetothesuburbs.Asthepopulationaged,therewasalsoashiftfromthecoldRustBelttothecomfortsoftheSunBelt.Wethinkofthisasanoldperson'smigration,butitcreatedmanyjobsfortheyounginconstructionandhealthcare,nottomentiontourism,retailandrestaurants.C) Forthelast20years—fromtheendofthecoldwarthroughtwoburstbubblesinasingledecade—theU.S.hasbeencastingaboutforitsnexteconomicnarrative.Andnowitisexperiencinganotherperiodofpanic,whichisbadnewsformuchoftheworkforcebutparticularlyforitsyoungestmembers.D) TheU.S.hasalwaysbeenaremarkablyitinerantcountry,butnewdatafromtheCensusBureauindicatethatmobilityhasreacheditslowestlevelinrecordedhistory.Sure,somepeoplearestuckinhomesvaluedatlessthantheirmortgages〔抵押貸款〕,butmanyyoungpeople—whodon'townhomesanddon'tyethavefamilies—arestayingput,too.Thissuggests,amongotherthings,thatpeoplearen'tpackingupforneweconomicopportunitiesthewaytheyusedto.Ratherthandividingthecountryintothe1percentersversus〔與……相對(duì)〕everyoneelse,thesplitinoureconomyisreallybetweentwootherclasses:themobileandimmobile.E) Partoftheproblemisthatthecountry'slargestindustriesareindecline.Inthepast,itwasperfectlyclearwhereyoungpeopleshouldgoforwork(Chicagointhe1870s,Detroitinthe1910s,Houstoninthe1970s)and,moreorless,whatthey'dbedoingwhentheygotthere(killingsteer,buildingcars,sellingoil).Andtheseindustrieswerelargeenoughtoofferjobstoeachclassofworker,fromunskilledlaborertomanagerorengineer.Today,thefewbrightspotsinoureconomyarerelativelysmall(thoughsomepromisefuturegrowth)anddecentralized.TherearegreatjobsinSiliconValley,inthebiotechresearchcapitalsofBostonandRaleigh-DurhamandinadvancedmanufacturingplantsalongthesouthernI-85corridor.Thesecompaniesrecruitalloverthecountryandtheglobeforworkerswithspecificabilities.(Youdon'tneedtobethenextMarkZuckerbergtogetajobinoneofthemicrohubs〔微中心〕,bytheway.ButyouwillalmostcertainlyneedatleastaB.A.incomputerscienceorayearortwoatatechnicalschool.)Thisnewer,selectjobmarketisnational,anditoffersmembersofthemobileclasscompetitivesalariesandhigherbargainingpower.F) Manymembersoftheimmobileclass,ontheotherhand,liveintheAmericaofthegrimheadlines.Ifyouhavenospecializedskills,there'slittlereasontouproottoanotherstateandbethelastinlineforalow-payingjobatanewautoplantoraburgeoninggreen-energycluster.Thesurpriseinthecensus〔普查〕data,however,isthattheimmobileworkforceisnotlimitedtounskilledworkers.Infact,manyhaveacollegedegree.G) Untilnow,aB.A.inanysubjectwasanear-guaranteeofatleastmiddle-classwages.Buttoday,aquarterofcollegegraduatesmakelessthanthetypicalworkerwithoutabachelor'sdegree.DavidAutor,aprominentlaboreconomistatM.I.T.,recentlytoldmethatacollegedegreealoneisnolongeraguarantorofagoodjob.Whilegraduatesfromtopuniversitiesarestilllikelytogetagoodjobnomatterwhattheirmajoris,hesaid,graduatesfromless-exaltedschoolsaregoingtobejudgedonwhattheyknow.Tocompeteforjobsonanationallevel,theyshouldbearmedwiththeskillsthatemergingindustriesneed,whethertechnicalornot.H) Thosewithoutsuchspecializedskills—likepoetry,orevenhistory,majors—arealreadycompetingwiththeirneighborsforthesamesortsofsecond-rate,poorer-payinglocaljobslikelow-levelmanagementorbig-boxretailsales.Andwiththelow-skilledlabormarketatomizedintothousandsofmicroeconomies,immobileworkersarelessabletodemandbetterwagesorconditionsortoacquirevaluableskills.I) Sowhat,exactly,shouldtheambitiousyoungworkeroftodaybelearning?Unfortunately,it'shardtosay,sincetheU.S.doesn'thaveoneclearnationalproject.Thereareplentyofemerging,smallerindustries,butwhichonesarethemostpromising?(Nanotechnology's〔納米技術(shù)〕momentofremarkablegrowthseemstohavebeen5yearsintothefutureforsomethinglike20yearsnow.)It'snotclearexactlywhatskillsaremostneededoriftheywillevenbevaluableinadecade.J) Whatisclearisthatallsortsofgovernmentissues—education,health-insuranceportability,workerretraining—arenolongerjustbonusestoalreadyprosperouslivesbutexistentialrequirements.It'sinallofourintereststomakesurethatasmanypeopleaspossibleareabletomovetowardopportunity,andAmerica'sabilitytoinvestpeopleandmoneyinexcitingnewideasisstillgreaterthanthatofmostotherwealthycountries.(Asrecentlyasfiveyearsago,U.S.migrationwastwicetherateofEuropeanUnionstates.)That,atleast,issomecomfortatatimewhenournationaleconomyseemstobesearchingforitsnextstoryline.這篇文章我在網(wǎng)上找到的，是AdamDavidson'slatestNewYorkTimesMagazinecolumn,"AMessOnTheLadderOfSuccess."January18,2023講解的時(shí)候可以告訴學(xué)生，提醒學(xué)生閱讀國(guó)外報(bào)刊的必要性。46.Unlikeinthepast,acollegedegreealonedoesnotguaranteeagoodjobforitsholder.47.Thecensusdataissurprisinginthatcollegegraduatesarealsoamongtheimmobileworkforce.49.Themigrationofoldpeoplefromcoldtowarmplacesmademanyjobsavailabletotheyoung.50.Americaisbetteratinnovationthanmostotherrichnations.51.EarlyAmericanhistoryisoneofmovingoutward.52.Youngpeopledon’tknowwhattolearnbecauseitishardtopredictwhatskillsaremostneededorvaluedtenyearsfromnow.53.Computerorothertechnicalskillsareneededtogetawell-payingjobinhigh-techoradvancedmanufacturing.54.Whenthefrontiervanishedaboutacenturyago,Americafoundneweconomicmobilityinindustrialization.55.Americatodaycanbedividedintotwoclasses:thosewhomoveandthosewhodon’t.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56t060arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Anewstudyshowsalargegendergaponeconomicpolicyamongthenation’sprofessionaleconomists,adividesimilartothegenderdividefoundinthegeneralpublic.“Asagroup,wearepro-market,〞saysAnnMariMay,co-authorofthestudyandaUniversityofNebraskaeconomist.““It’sverypuzzling,〞saysfreemarketeconomistVeroniquedeRugyoftheMercatusCenteratGeorgeMasonUniversity.“AnativeofFrance,deRugysupportedgovernmentintervention〔干預(yù)〕earlyinherlifebutchangedhermindafterstudyingeconomics.“Wewantmanyofthesamethingsasliberals–lesspoverty,morehealthcare–buthaveradicallydifferentideasonhowtoachieveit.〞LiberaleconomistDeanBaker,co-founderoftheCenterforEconomicPolicyandRe-search,saysmaleeconomistshavebeenontheinsideoftheprofession,confirmingeachother’santi-regulationviews.Women,asoutsiders,“aremorelikelytothinkindependentlyoratleastseepeopleoutsideoftheeconomicsprofessionasformingtheirpeergroup,〞hesays.Thegenderbalanceineconomicsischanging.One-thirdofeconomicsdoctorates〔博士學(xué)位〕nowgotowomen.“Morediversityisneededatthetablewhenpublicpolicyisdiscussed,〞Maysays.Economistsdoagreeonsomethings.FemaleeconomistsagreewithmenthatEuropehastoomuchregulationandthatWal-martisgoodforsociety.Maleeconomistsagreewiththeirfemalecolleaguesthatmilitaryspendingistoohigh.Thegendersaremostdivorcedfromeachotheronthequestionofequalityforwomen.Maleeconomistsoverwhelminglythinkthewagegapbetweenmenandwomenislargelytheresultofindividuals’skills,experienceandvoices.Femaleeconomistsoverwhelminglydisagreebyamarginof4-to-1.Thebiggestdisagreement:76%ofwomensayfacultyopportunitiesineconomicsfavormen.Maleeconomistspointtheoppositeway:80%saywomenarefavoredortheprocessisneutral.56.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudy?A)Thegenderdivideisabigconcernofthegeneralpublic,B)Menandwomenunderstandeconomicsquitedifferently,C)Thegapbetweenmaleandfemaleeconomistsneedstobeclosed.D)Maleandfemaleeconomistsdisagreewidelyoneconomicpolicy.57.WhatdoesAnnMariMaysayaboutfemaleeconomists?A)Theyarestronglyagainstmaledominationintheeconomicsprofession.B)Theytendtosupportgovernmentinterventionineconomicactivity.C)Theyusuallyplayanactiveroleinpublicpolicy-making.D)Theyaremostlystrongadvocatesoffreemarketeconomy.58.WhatdowelearnabouteconomistVeroniquedeRugy?A)Sherepresentsmostfemaleeconomists’standpoint.B)Shedevotesherselftoeliminatingwomen’spoverty.C)Herstudyofeconomicschangedherviewongovernment’sroleineconomicactivities.D)Heracademicbackgroundhelpedhergetintotheinnercircleoftheeconomicsprofession.59.WhatdoesAnnMariMayimplyaboutpublicpolicy-making?A)Morefemaleeconomistsshouldgetinvolved,B)Itshoulddojusticetofemaleeconomists’studies.C)Moreattentionshouldbepaidtowomen’srights.D)Itshouldaimatsustainabledevelopment.60.Onwhatissuedomaleandfemaleeconomistsdiffermost?A)Governmentregulation.B)Jobcreation.C)Militaryspending.D)Genderequality.PassageTwoQuestions61t065arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thenumberofpostgraduatestudentstravellingfromnon-EUcountriestostudyatUKuniversitieshasfallenforthefirsttimein16years,fuellingfearsthatthegovernment’simmigrationcrackdownisdiscouragingthousandsofthebrighteststudentsfromcontinuingtheirstudiesinBritain.JoBeall,BritishCouncildirectorofeducationandsociety,saidthefallwouldcausealarmamongUKvice-chancellors〔大學(xué)行政主管〕．〞Thesectorwasexpectingadeclineingrowth,buttheactualreductioninpostgraduatenumbersisofrealconcernasinternationalstudentsmakeupthemajorityofnumbersinmanypostgraduatecoursesandresearchteamsinscience,technology,engineeringandmathematics.〞“AttractingthebrightestandmostambitiouspostgraduateandresearchstudentsiscriticaliftheUKistomaintainitsqualityreputationforresearch,〞Beallsaid.Universitiesgetathirdoftheirtuition〔學(xué)費(fèi)〕feerevenuefromnon-EUstudents.Thereisgrowingfearamongvice-chancellorsthatthisrevenue–aswellasthecultural,academicandeconomicbenefitinternationalstudentsbring–isbeingputatrisk.TimWestlake,directorforthestudentexperienceatManchesterUniversity,saidstudentswhosefamiliesreliedonthemworkingintheLastmonththehomesecretary,TheresaMay,announcedthatembassystaffwouldinterviewmorethan100,000applicantsinanattempttopreventbogus(假冒的)onesenteringthecountry.ShealsosaidimmigrantswereresponsibleforpushingupUKhouseprices.Thecommentsfollowedtheintroductionofnewlimitationsonstudents’righttoworkduringandaftertheirstudies.Beallsaid:“GovernmentstatisticsforthefirsttimeproviderealevidencethatthechangestoUKvisaregulationsmayhavediscouragedmanystudentsfromapplyingtotheUK,andinparticularpostgraduatestudentswhoaresoimportanttotheUK’sresearchoutput.TheUKenjoysanexcellentreputationaroundtheworldforthehighqualityofoureducationsystem,sothegovernmentneedstoensurethatinstitutionshaveallthesupporttheyneedtoattractinternationalstudentswhomakeatremendousacademic,culturalandeconomiccontributiontotheUK.〞61.Whathascausedthedeclineofthenumberofnon-EUpostgraduatesintheUK?A)Theincreaseintuitionandfees.B)Theever-risinglivingexpenses.C)Changedimmigrationpolicies.D)Universities’tightenedbudgets.62.WhatisUKvice-chancellors’biggestco