定語從句講義及練習 - 高考英語復習

第第頁定語從句講義及練習一、定語從句的分類限制性定語從句：從句不可少，沒有它，先行詞的意思不明確，主句也不完整。與先行詞之間不用逗號。Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.非限制性定語從句：是對先行詞的補充說明或描繪作用，沒有它不會影響先行詞或主句意思的完整性。從句一般用逗號同主句分開。George,whoismyclassmate,haswonascholarship.二、定語從句中主謂一致的問題當關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句中的謂語動詞要與先行詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致(我們要知道，關系代詞所代指的就是先行詞，這里有一個等量關系)。當先行詞是oneof+復數(shù)名詞，定語從句的位于動詞要用復數(shù)形式TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitoreveryyear.當先行詞是theonly+oneof+復數(shù)名詞，從句謂語用單數(shù)形式TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.③先行詞如果是整個句子，定語從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisesallofus.三、as,which引導非限定性定語從句的差別關系代詞as和which都可用來引導非限制性定語從句，都可用來指代主句或主句中的名詞或短語，一般可互換，但用法有以下區(qū)別：=1\*GB3①as引導的定語從句可置于句首、句中、句末，而which不可。Asweallknow,heneversmokes.=2\*GB3②在從句中作主語時，which既可作連系動詞be的主語，也可作實義動詞的主語；而as只可作連系動詞be的主語。Hemarriedher，which/aswasnatural.他和她結(jié)婚了，這是很自然的事。Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.他見到那個女孩，這使他很高興。=3\*GB3③非限定性定語從句中出現(xiàn)expect,think,suppose等表示猜測、想象、預料等時。Shesucceededinherdoingtheresearchwork,asweexpected.=4\*GB3④as的用法thesame…as;such…as中的as是一種固定結(jié)構,和……一樣……。Ishouldliketousethesametoolasisusedhere.Weshouldhavesuchadictionaryasheisusing.四、way和time后接定語從句的用法。=1\*GB3①當先行詞是way(方式、方法)時，如果先行詞way后面的定語從句中缺少主語、賓語、表語，則引導詞用that/which/不填。Thewaythat/which/不填heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.他向我們解釋的那種方法很簡單。如果先行詞way后面的定語從句缺少（方式）狀語，則引導詞用that/inwhich/不填。Thewaythat/inwhich/不填heexplainedthesentencestouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.他向我們解釋句子的那種方法不難理解。=2\*GB3②當先行詞是time時（時期、次數(shù)）時，如果time表示“次數(shù)”，應用關系代詞that引導定語從句，that可省略。Itisthefirsttime（次數(shù)）thatMr.SmithhasvisitedChina.這是史密斯先生第一次到中國游覽。如果time表示“時期，一段時間”，應用關系副詞when或at/during+which引導定語從句。Therewasatime（時期）when/duringwhichtherewerenoradios,notelephonesandTVsets.曾經(jīng)有一個沒有收音機，沒有電話，也沒有電視的時期。五、關系副詞where高考試題中對于where的考查趨于復雜，從先行詞為“明顯的地點”轉(zhuǎn)化“模糊化的地點”。事實上，對于where這個詞，考生不能只理解為表地點，當先行詞表示某人/物的situation,或某事所發(fā)展的stage和point，或表達某事的某個方面時都可用where這個關系副詞。常見的抽象名詞作先行詞的有：point，position，situation，stage，state，case，scene，dilemma等。Hesaidifweevergottothepointwhereweneededtouselifejackets,hewouldhavealreadydiedofterror.他說假定我們真的到了需要用救生衣的地步，他早就嚇死了。六、“介詞+關系代詞”的用法有時定語從句中的介詞可以提到關系代詞前面，形成“介詞+關系代詞”結(jié)構，該結(jié)構中的關系代詞可用which,whose,who不可以用that和who。該結(jié)構中的介詞可以根據(jù)定語從句中謂語的搭配、與先行詞的搭配或者句子的意義來確定。e.g.ThisisthehouseofwhichIspoke.(根據(jù)動詞speak的搭配而定）Thisisthecamerawithwhichheoftentakesphotos.(根據(jù)先行詞的搭配而定)Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved.(根據(jù)句子的意義來確定)注：有些“動詞+介詞”短語，如lookfor,lookafter,callon等不可拆開，不可把介詞放在關系代詞之前。Heistheoldmanwho/whomwelookedafterlastyear.他是我們?nèi)ツ暾疹櫟哪莻€老人。ThatisthebookwhichIamlookingfor.那就是我要找的書。2.感悟高考1.Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof_______hasbeenproved.2.Manyyoungpeople,mostof_______werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.3.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,______youcanhearsomelovelymusic.4.Acompany_______profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.5.However,therewasadeeplongingwithinme_______neverquiteleft.6.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere_______hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.7.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon_______schooleducationdepends.8.ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,_______showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.9.Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,________isquiteunexpected.10.Amongthemanydangers______sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.11.WhenIarrived,Bryantookmetoseethehouse_______Iwouldbestaying.12.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities________theycangainexperienceforgrowth.13.Theexactyear___________AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.14.Iamlookingforwardtotheday______mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingforher.15.Thereisnosimpleanswer,________isoftenthecaseinscience.16.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsandthedarkwatersoftheLiRiver_________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.17.Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite,___________isannouncedintoday’snewspaper.18.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Ale