高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)之非謂語動(dòng)詞

非謂語動(dòng)詞2010屆高三英語語法復(fù)習(xí)之.作用種類主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)語不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞種類與作用.形式與構(gòu)型不定式主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式

todo

tobedone進(jìn)行式

tobedoing完成式

tohavedonetohavebeendone動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingmadehavingbeenmade.非謂語動(dòng)詞在句子中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?With復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做定語，狀語

-ing-ed-adv.With+n_adj--todo--tobedone和名詞的關(guān)系為主動(dòng)和名詞的關(guān)系為被動(dòng)表狀態(tài)表狀態(tài)表將來的主動(dòng)表將來的被動(dòng).1.Hesitshere,withhisfeetpointingtotheothers.2.Hesitshere,withhishandstiedtothechair.3.Theboyisplayingoutside,withhisfacered.4.Theboystaysathome,withhismotherout.5.Theteacherwalksintotheclassroom,withabookinhishand

6.Hewenthome,withhishomeworktobedone..作定語，放在名詞后面n+-ing-ed-todo-tobedonebeingdone

主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行被動(dòng)和過去將來的主動(dòng)將來的被動(dòng)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng).Theboygoingtoschoolnowismyson.Theplandiscussedyesterdayisagoodone.Theboytogotoschoolnextyearismyson.Thepantobediscussedtomorrowisagoodone.Theplantobediscussedpresentisagoodone.不定式下列詞語接不定式做定語1.Change,wish,right,courage,need,promise,time,way,opportunity,thefirst…,thesecond…,thelast…,theonly….不定式與所修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系He'salwaysthefirst(one)tocometoschool.Thereisnoonetolookafterher.eg.Heisthefirstpersontocome..(2).不定式和所修飾的名詞之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Ihaveameetingtoattend.

(3).現(xiàn)在分詞做定語表進(jìn)行,過去分詞做定語表示完成

;單個(gè)分詞做定語放在修飾詞的前面;短語做定語放在后面.

aburningstickafallenleafThegirlstandingbythedoor.ThebookwrittenbyLuXun

.作狀語表時(shí)間或原因主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行,時(shí)間上無先后被動(dòng)和過去,時(shí)間上無先后主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行,時(shí)間上有先后被動(dòng)和過去,時(shí)間上有先后-ing-ed-havingdoneHavingbeendone否定式在-ing前直接加not或在–ing后加neverattention表原因時(shí)可不分先后.1.Standing

onthetopofthemountain,Ifoundtheschoolisverybeautiful.2.Seen

fromthemountain,theschoolisverybeautiful.3.Havingfinishedmyhomework.Iwenthomeimmediately.4.Havingbeatenbymyfather,Iwentouttoseemymother.5.Nothavingreceivedhisletter,hewenthome=Havingneverreceivedhisletter,hewenthome.否定式要not把加-ing在前面，或把never加在-ing后面..下列少數(shù)短語為慣用語，為固定形式。Judgingfrom,generallyspeaking,honestlyspeaking,strictlyspeaking,talkingof,speakingof..目的狀語TostudyEnglishwell,wemustpractiseeveryday.結(jié)果狀語

Hehurriedtoschool,onlytofindshehadleft.原因狀語Wealljumpedtohearofhissuccess.作狀語.Inordernotto：可首句，可尾句Soasnotto：只可尾句To：可首可尾

onlytodo：結(jié)果卻，常指意想不到的結(jié)果不定式的否定式，否定詞Not或neverseldomhardly要放在to的前面。shecheckedthenamessoasnottomakemistakes作目的狀語的詞Attention.分詞作其他的狀語伴隨狀語結(jié)果狀語1.theteachercamein,followedbysomestudents.2.Hesatbythetable,readingabookHisfatherdied,leavinghimsomemoney..作主語作主語沒有太大的區(qū)別，表示一般的抽象概念用動(dòng)名詞，表示具體的個(gè)別的將來的用不定式可用作形式主語結(jié)構(gòu)或形式賓語結(jié)構(gòu).用it作形式主語.用for

或of來表示邏輯主語.for

不定式的特點(diǎn);of人的特點(diǎn)

1.It’sdifficultforyoutostudyEnglish.2.It’sfoolishofyoutoaskherforhelp.作賓語直接用動(dòng)名詞作賓語的詞直接接不定式Suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’thelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,excuse,pardon,advise,consider,keep,leaveoff,putoff,keepon,giveup.wish.hope,agree,ask,promise,mean,decide,expect,manage,offer,pretend,plan,refuse,care,fail,afford,determine..有些動(dòng)詞可接不定式，有些可接動(dòng)名詞。無太大區(qū)別。但不定式表具體，動(dòng)名詞表抽象。但有些接不定式和動(dòng)名詞表示的意義不同regret,forget,remember:接不定式表示沒做，接動(dòng)名詞表示做完.trydoing,試用某種辦法做某事;trytodo表示努力做某事1.let’strydoingtheworksomeotherday.2.trytoworkhard,andthenyouwillsuccess..Start,begin:可接不定式可接動(dòng)名詞，意義相等。但下列情況只可接不定式.1.主語是人不是物。2.本身是進(jìn)行時(shí).3.其后的動(dòng)詞是表示心理狀況的詞.understand,realize,know,seeetc.1.Theicebegantomeltwhenthesuncomesout.2.Iwasbeginningtobeangry.3.Ibegantounderstandwhathesaid..1.Isawhimplayingintheparkjustnow.Butnowheisn’tthere.2.Ihearhimplayingpianonextroom.It’swonderful.3.Isawadogtiedtoachair.It’sgoingtodied.作賓補(bǔ)

doingsthSeesbdosthdonesth用于所有的感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,notice,watch,feel表動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行表過程，完成表被動(dòng).可接不定式做賓補(bǔ)的詞：Permit,request,allow,command,tell,invite,cause,encourage,warn,advise,persuade,force,order,remind,teach.接不定式既做賓語又做賓補(bǔ)的詞:.ask,beg,like,help,promise,wish,want,expect..Bye----byeGoodluck..9、靜夜四無鄰，荒居舊業(yè)貧。。2023/1/112023/1/11Wednesday,January11,202310、雨中黃葉樹，燈下白頭人。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/20239:52:20AM11、以我獨(dú)沈久，愧君相見頻。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/11Jan-2311-Jan-2312、故人江海別，幾度隔山川。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/11Wednesday,January11,202313、乍見翻疑夢，相悲各問年。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/202314、他鄉(xiāng)生白發(fā)，舊國見青山。。11一月20232023/1/112023/1/112023/1/1115、比不了得就不比，得不到的就不要。。。一月232023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/202316、行動(dòng)出成果，工作出財(cái)富。。2023/1/112023/1/1111January202317、做前，能夠環(huán)視四周；做時(shí)，你只能或者最好沿著以腳為起點(diǎn)的射線向前。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/112023/1/119、沒有失敗，只有暫時(shí)停止成功！。2023/1/112023/1/11Wednesday,January11,202310、很多事情努力了未必有結(jié)果，但是不努力卻什么改變也沒有。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/20239:52:20AM11、成功就是日復(fù)一日那一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)小小努力的積累。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/11Jan-2311-Jan-2312、世間成事，不求其絕對(duì)圓滿，留一份不足，可得無限完美。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/11Wednesday,January11,202313、不知香積寺，數(shù)里入云峰。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/202314、意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人能把世界放在手中像泥塊一樣任意揉捏。11一月20232023/1/112023/1/112023/1/1115、楚塞三湘接，荊門九派通。。。一月232023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/202316、少年十五二十時(shí)，步行奪得胡馬騎。。2023/1/112023/1/1111January202317、空山新雨后，天氣晚來秋。。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/112023/1/119、楊柳散和風(fēng)，青山澹吾慮。。2023/1/112023/1/11Wednesday,January11,202310、閱讀一切好書如同和過去最杰出的人談話。2023/1/112023/1/112023/1/111/11/20239:52:20AM11