人體解剖學(xué)教學(xué)課件：The Bones of Limbs

TheBonesofLimbs

Bonesofupperlimb上肢骨

Composition:Shouldgirdle上肢帶骨Clavicle鎖骨Scapula肩胛骨Bonesoffreeupperlimb自由上肢骨Arm:humerus肱骨ForearmRadius橈骨

Ulna尺骨

BonesofhandCarpalbones腕骨Metacarpalbones掌骨Phalangesoffingers指骨

Clavicle鎖骨“S”shaped,medial2/3convexforwardandlateral1/3convexbackwardSternalend胸骨端

mediallyandacromialend肩峰端

laterallyScapula

肩胛骨ThreebordersSuperior:coracoidprocess喙突

scapularnotch肩胛切跡Lateral(axillary)border腋緣Medial(vertebral)border脊柱緣ThreeanglesSuperior:oppositetothe2ndribInferior:oppositetothe7thribor7thintercostalsspaceLateral:glenoidcavity關(guān)節(jié)盂

supra-andinfraglenoidtubercles盂上、下結(jié)節(jié)TwosurfacesAnteriorsurfaceconcave:subscapularfossa肩胛下窩Posteriorsurface:spineofscapula肩胛岡acromion肩峰supra-andinfraspinousfossae岡上、下窩

Humerus肱骨Upperend:

Headofhumerus

肱骨頭Anatomicalneck

解剖頸Greatertubercle

大結(jié)節(jié)Lessertubercle

小結(jié)節(jié)Crestofgreatertubercle

大結(jié)節(jié)嵴Crestoflessertubercle

小結(jié)節(jié)嵴Intertuberculargroove

結(jié)節(jié)間溝Surgicalneck

外科頸Humerus肱骨Shaft:

Deltoidtuberosity

(onlateralsurface)

三角肌粗隆

Grooveforradialnerve

(onposteriorsurface)橈神經(jīng)溝Humerus肱骨Lowerend:

Lateralepicondyle外上髁Medialepicondyle內(nèi)上髁Capitulum肱骨小頭Trochlea肱骨滑車Coranoidfossa冠突窩(anteriorly)Radialfossa橈窩

(anteriorly)Olecranonfossa鷹嘴窩

(posteriorly)Sulcusforulnarnerve尺神經(jīng)溝Radius橈骨Upperend:

headofradius

橈骨頭neckofradius

橈骨頸radialtuberosity

橈骨粗隆articularcircumference環(huán)狀關(guān)節(jié)面Shaft：interosseousborder

骨間緣Lowerend:styloidprocess(laterally)

橈骨莖突ulnarnotch

(medially)尺切跡carpalarticularsurface

(inferiorly)腕關(guān)節(jié)面Ulnar尺骨Upperend:

Olecranon鷹嘴

coronoidprocess冠突

trochlearnotch滑車切跡

radialnotch橈切跡ulnartubersity尺骨粗隆

Lowerend

styloidprocess尺骨莖突headofulna尺骨頭Anteroposteriorradiographoftheforearmofagirlaged11Colles’fractureNormally,theradialstyloidprocessprojectsfurtherdistallythantheulnarstyloidprocess.Consequently,whenfracturewithinthedistal2cmoftheradius(Colles’fracture)occurs,thisrelationshipisreversedbecauseofshorteningoftheradius.Carpalbones腕骨

Proximalrow―(lateraltomedial)Scaphoid手舟骨Lunate

月骨Triquetral三角骨

Pisiform

豌豆骨Distalrow―(lateraltomedial)Trapezium

大多角骨Trapezoid小多角骨Capitate

頭狀骨

Hamate

鉤骨Carpalbones腕骨P.S.L.Tq.Tm.Td.C.H.記憶口訣：舟、月、三角、豆scaphoid,lunate,triquetralandpisiform

大、小多角、頭狀、鉤trapezium,trapezoid,capitateandhamateMetacarpalbones掌骨

NumberedonetofivefromthumbtolittlefingerStructureofeachbase(proximally)Shafthead(distally)Phalangesoffingers指骨Consistof14―twoforfirstdigit(thumb)andthreeforeachofotherfourdigitsStructureofeachbase(proximally)Shafttrochleaofphalanx(distally)tuberosityofdistalphalanx遠(yuǎn)節(jié)指骨粗隆BonesofLowerLimb下肢骨

Composition:

Pelvicgirdle:hipbone

髖骨Bonesoffreelowerlimb:ThighFemur股骨

Patella髕骨

LegTibia脛骨

Fibula腓骨FootTarsalbones跗骨Metatarsalbones跖骨Phalangesoftoes趾骨

Hipbone髖骨

ConsistingofthreefusedbonesIlium髂骨Ischium坐骨Pubis恥骨Acetabulum髖臼Formedbybodiesofilium,ischiumandpubisLunatesurface月狀面Acetabularfossa髖臼窩Acetabularnotch髖臼切跡Ilium髂骨Bodyofilium髂骨體

Alaofilium

髂骨翼Iliaccrest髂嵴Anteriorsuperior

iliacspine髂前上棘

Anteriorinferioriliacspine髂前下棘Tubercleofiliaccrest髂結(jié)節(jié)Posteriorsuperior

iliacspine髂后上棘Posteriorinferioriliacspine髂后下棘Greatersciaticnotch坐骨大切跡Glutealsurface臀面Iliacfossa髂窩Arcuateline弓狀線Auricularsurface耳狀面Iliactuberosity髂粗隆Animaginarylinejoiningthehighestpointontheiliaccrestsoverthefourthlumbarspine.Ischium坐骨

Bodyofischium坐骨體Ischialspine坐骨棘Lessersciaticnotch坐骨小切跡Ramusofischium坐骨支ischialtuberosity坐骨結(jié)節(jié)Pubis

恥骨

Bodyofpubis恥骨體Iliopubiceminence

髂恥隆起Superiorramusofpubis恥骨上支pectenofpubis恥骨梳pubictubercle恥骨結(jié)節(jié)pubiccrest恥骨嵴symphysialsurface恥骨聯(lián)合面Inferiorramusofpubis恥骨下支Obturatorforamen閉孔

Femur股骨UpperendFemoralhead股骨頭Foveaoffemoralhead股骨頭凹Neckoffemur股骨頸Greatertrochanter大轉(zhuǎn)子Lessertrochanter小轉(zhuǎn)子Intertrochantericline轉(zhuǎn)子間線Intertrochantericcrest轉(zhuǎn)子間嵴Fractureofthefemoralneck

Femur股骨Shaft:

Lineaaspera粗線Glutealtuberosity臀肌粗隆Pectinealline恥骨肌線

Poplitealsurface腘面

Femur股骨Lowerend:Medialcondyle內(nèi)側(cè)髁Lateralcondyle外側(cè)髁Medialepicondyle內(nèi)上髁Lateralepicondyle外上髁Adductortubercle收肌結(jié)節(jié)Intercondylarfossa髁間窩Patellarsurface髕面Tibia

脛骨Upperend:

Medialandlateralcondyles內(nèi)、外側(cè)髁Intercondylareminence髁間隆起fibulararticularsurface腓關(guān)節(jié)面tuberosityoftibia脛骨粗隆

ShaftInterosseousborder骨間緣

Solealline比目魚肌線Lowerend:Fibularnotch腓切跡Medialmalleolus內(nèi)踝

Fibula腓骨Upperend:fibularhead

腓骨頭

neckoffibula腓骨頸Shaft:

interosseousborder骨間緣Lowerend:

lateralmalleolus外踝Patella髕骨triangularsesamoidboneTarsalbones

跗骨ConsistofsevenshortbonesarrangedinthreerowPosteriorrow

talus距骨calcaneus跟骨Intermediaterow

navicularbone足舟骨Anteriorrow

Medialcuneiform內(nèi)側(cè)楔骨

Intermediatecuneiform中間楔骨

lateralcuneiform外側(cè)楔骨

cuboidbone骰骨口訣：距上跟下骰在外，內(nèi)中外楔舟前擺

Metatarsalbones跖骨Consistoffiveelongatedbones,numberedonetofivemedialtolateralStructureofeach―base(proximally),