10篇英文文獻摘要學習

ABSTRACT01:Parent-mediatedsocialcommunicationtherapyforyoungchildrenwithautism(PACT):long-termfollow-upofarandomisedcontrolledtrial.01、針對自閉癥幼兒的父母介導的社區(qū)溝通療法(PACT)：隨機對照試驗的長期隨訪雜志(THELANCET)發(fā)表年份(2016) 期刊影響因子()Background:Itisnotknownwhetherearlyinterventioncanimprovelong-termautismsymptomoutcomes.Weaimedtofollow-upthePreschoolAutismCommunicationTrial(PACT),toinvestigatewhetherthePACTinterventionhadalong-termeffectonautismsymptomsandcontinuedeffectsonparentandchildsocialinteraction.Methods:PACTwasarandomisedcontrolledtrialofaparent-mediatedsocialcommunicationinterventionforchildrenaged2-4yearswithcoreautism.Follow-upascertainmentwasdoneatthreespecialisedclinicalservicescentresintheUK(London,Manchester,andNewcastle)atamedianofyears(IQR—fromtheoriginaltrialendpoint.Themainblindedoutcomeswerethecomparativeseverityscore(CSS)fromtheAutismDiagnosticObservationSchedule(ADOS)自閉癥診斷觀察量表，theDyadicCommunicationAssessmentMeasure(DCMA)oftheproportionofchildinitiatiationswheninteractingwiththeparent,andanexpressive-receptivelanguagecomposite.Allanalysesfollowedtheintention-to-treatprinciple.Findings:121(80%)ofthe152trialparticipants(59[77%]of77assignedtoPACTinterventionvs62[83%]of75assignedtotreatmentasusual)weretracedandconsentedtobeassessedbetweenJuly,2013,andSeptember,2014.Meanageatfollow-upwasyears(SD.Groupdifferenceinfavourof贊同thePACTinterventionbasedonADOSCSSoflog-oddseffectsize(ES)was(95%CI0-07to1-20)attreatmentendpointandES(95%CI-toatfollow-up,givinganoverallreductioninsymptomseverityoverthecourseofthewholetrialandfollow-upperiod(ES,95%CIto,p=.GroupdifferenceinDCMAchildinitiationsatfollow-upshowedaCohen'sdESof(95%CI-toandwassignificantoverthecourseofthestudy(ES,95%CIto,p=.Therewerenogroupdifferencesinthelanguagecompositeatfollow-up(ES,95%CI-to.Interpretation:Theresultsarethefirsttoshowlong-termsymptomreductionafterarandomisedcontrolledtrialofearlyinterventioninautismspectrumdisorder.TheysupporttheclinicalvalueofthePACTinterventionandhaveimplicationsfordevelopmentaltheory.02：Burden,riskfactors,andcomorbiditiesofbehaviouralandemotionalproblemsinKenyanchildren:apopulation-basedstudy02、肯尼亞兒童的行為和情緒問題的負擔、危險因素以及合并癥：一項基于人群的研究雜志(LANCETPSYCHIATRY) 發(fā)表年份(2017)期刊影響因子()背景：Three-quartersoftheburdenofmentalhealthproblems精神衛(wèi)生問題occursinlow-and-middle-incomecountries,butfewepidemiologicalstudiesoftheseproblemsinpreschoolchildrenfromsub-SaharanAfrica撒哈拉以南havebeenpublished.Behaviouralandemotionalproblemsoftenstartinearlychildhood,andthismightbeparticularlyimportantinAfrica,wheretheincidenceofperinatal圍產(chǎn)期andearlyriskfactorsishigh.WethereforeaimedtoestimatetheprevalenceandriskfactorsofbehaviouralandemotionalproblemsinyoungchildreninaruralareaontheKenyancoast.方法：Wedidapopulation-basedepidemiologicalstudytoassesstheburdenofbehaviouralandemotionalproblemsinpreschoolchildrenandcomorbiditiesintheKilifiHealthandDemographicSurveillanceSystem基利菲健康和人口監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)(KHDSS,adatabaseformedofthepopulationunderroutinesurveillancelinkedtoadmissionstoKilifiCountyHospital).WeusedtheChildBehaviourChecklist(CBCL)兒童行為調(diào)查表toassessbehaviouralandemotionalproblems.Wethendeterminedriskfactorsandmedicalcomorbiditiesassociatedwithbehaviouralandemotionalproblems.Thestrengthofassociationsbetweentheriskfactorsandthebehaviouralandemotionalproblemswasestimatedusinggeneralisedlinearmodels,withappropriatedistributionandlinkfunctions.結(jié)果：3539familieswererandomlyselectedfromtheKHDSS.Ofthese,3273childrenwereassessedwithCBCL.Theprevalenceoftotalbehaviouralandemotionalproblemswas13%(95%CI12-14),forexternalisingproblems外化問題was10%(9-11),andforinternalisingproblemswas22%(21-24).ThemostcommonCBCLsyndromewassomaticproblems軀體問題(21%,20-23),whereasthemostcommonDSM-IV-orientedscale基于精神疾病診斷準則手冊(第四版)wasanxietyproblems(13%,12-14).Factorsassociatedwithtotalproblemsincludedconsumptionofcassava(riskratio5-68,95%CI3-22-10-03),perinatalcomplications(4-34,3-21-5-81),seizuredisorders(2-90,2-24-3-77),andhousestatus(0-11,0-08-0-14).Seizuredisorders癲癇，burnmarks燒傷，andrespiratoryproblems呼吸道疾病wereimportantcomorbiditiesofbehaviouralandemotionalproblems.理解：BehaviouralandemotionalproblemsarecommoninpreschoolchildreninthisKenyanruralareaandareassociatedwithpreventableriskfactors.Behaviouralandemotionalproblemsandassociatedcomorbiditiesshouldbeidentifiedandaddressedinyoungchildren.03：Effectofiodinesupplementationinpregnantwomenonchildneurodevelopment:arandomised,double-blind,placebo-controlledtrial03、孕婦補碘對兒童神經(jīng)發(fā)育的影響：一項隨機、雙盲、安慰劑對照試驗雜志(LancetDiabetes&Endocrinology) 發(fā)表年份(2017)期刊影響因子()Background:Iodinedeficiencyduringpregnancymightbeassociatedwithreducedintelligencequotient(IQ)scoreinoffspring.Weassessedtheeffectofiodinesupplementationinmildlyiodine-deficientpregnantwomen輕度碘缺乏孕婦onneurodevelopmentoftheiroffspringinareaswhereschoolchildrenwereiodinesufficient.Methods：Inthisrandomised,placebo-controlledtrial,pregnantwomeninBangalore班加羅爾，India,andBangkok曼谷,Thailand,wererandomlyassigned(1:1)toreceive200|igiodineorallyonceadayorplacebountildelivery.Randomisationwasdonewithacomputer-generatedsequenceandstratifiedbysite.Co-primaryoutcomes主要結(jié)果wereverbalandperformanceIQscoresontheWechslerPreschoolandPrimaryScaleofIntelligence韋氏學前和小學兒童智力量表 ThirdEdition(WPPSI-III)andtheglobalexecutivecompositescorefromtheBehaviourRatingInventoryofExecutiveFunction-PreschoolVersion(BRIEF-P)inthechildrenatage5-6years.Thetrialwasdouble-blinded;someunmasking揭盲tookplaceatage2yearsforaninterimanalysis中間分析，butparticipantsandnearlyallinvestigatorsremainedmaskedtogroupassignmentuntilage5-6years.Analysiswasbyintentiontotreatusingmixed-effectsmodels.Findings：BetweenNov18,2008,andMarch12,2011,832womenenteredthetrialatameangestationalageofweeks(SD;medianurinaryiodineconcentrationwas131口g/L(IQR81-213).Meancompliancewithsupplementationwas87%,assessedbymonthlytabletcounts.313children(iodinegroup,n=159;placebogroup,n=154)wereanalysedforverbalandperformanceIQwithWPPSI-IIIand315(iodinegroup,n=159;placebogroup,n=156)foroverallexecutivefunctionwithBRIEF-P.MeanWPPSI-IIIscoresforverbalIQwere(SD9-8)intheiodinegroupand(9-8)intheplacebogroup(difference-0-7,95%CI-2-9to1-5;p=0-77),andforperformanceIQwere(12-5)intheiodinegroupand(13-4)intheplacebogroup(difference-1-6,-4-5to1-3;p=0-44).ThemeanBRIEF-Pglobalexecutivecompositescorewas(26-2)intheiodinegroupand(27-0)intheplacebogroup(difference-0-9,-6-8to5-0;p=0-74).Thefrequencyofadverseeventsdidnotdifferbetweengroupsduringgestationoratdelivery:24womenintheiodinegroupand28intheplacebogroupreportedadverseevents(iodinegroup:abortion,n=20;blightedovum,andn=2;intrauterinedeath,n=2;placebogroup:abortion,n=22;blightedovum,n=1;intrauterinedeath,n=2;earlyneonataldeath,n=1;andneonataldeath,n=2).Interpretation：Dailyiodinesupplementationinmildlyiodine-deficientpregnantwomenhadnoeffectonchildneurodevelopmentatage5-6years.04：IncidenceofandFactorsAssociatedWithMyopiaandHighMyopiainChineseChildren,BasedonRefractionWithoutCycloplegia.04、基于無睫狀肌麻痹屈光度的中國兒童近視和高度近視的發(fā)生率及相關(guān)因素雜志(JAMAOphthalmol) 發(fā)表年份(2018) 期刊影響因子()IMPORTANCE:MyopiahasreachedepidemiclevelsamongchildreninregionsofEastandSoutheastAsia.Highmyopia高度近視isassociatedwithmyopicmaculardegeneration近視性黃斑變性,glaucoma青光眼,andretinaldetachment視網(wǎng)膜脫落.OBJECTIVE:TodeterminetheincidenceofmyopiaandhighmyopiabasedonrefractionwithoutcycloplegiaamongchildreninprimaryandjuniorhighschoolsinChina.DESIGN,SETTING,ANDPARTICIPANTS:ThisobservationalcohortstudywascompletedinGuangzhou,China.Itconsistedofacohortfrom19primaryschools,whowerefollowedupfrom2010to2015,andacohortfrom22juniorhighschools,whowerefollowedupfrom2010to2012.Allschoolswererandomlychosenatratesproportionaltothenumberofschoolsineachofthecity's11districts所有學校都是按照與學校數(shù)量成比例的隨機選擇的.Studentswithorwithoutmyopiaingrade1(primaryschool)orgrade7(juniorhighschool)wereeligibleforinclusion.DataanalysisoccurredfromFebruary2017toOctober2017.MAINOUTCOMESANDMEASURES:Myopiawasdefinedasasphericalequivalentrefraction(SER)等效球鏡度數(shù)ofdiopters(D)orless,asmeasuredbysubjectiverefraction主覺驗光withoutcycloplegia睫狀肌麻痹；highmyopiawasdefinedasaSERofDorless.Annualincidencesweredefinedastheproportionofparticipantseachyearfoundtohavemyopiaorhighmyopiawhodidnotpreviouslyhavethecondition.Height,weight,axiallength(AL)軸長,cornealradiusofcurvature(CRC)角膜曲率半徑,andAL/CRCratiowereexaminedtoassessifthesemeasureswereassociatedwithfuturemyopiaorhighmyopia.RESULTS:Atotalof4741studentswithorwithoutmyopiaineithergrade1fortheprimaryschoolcohort(mean[SD]age[]years;932of1975[%]female)orgrade7forthejuniorhighschoolcohort(mean[SD]age[]years;1254of2670[%]female)wereincluded.Baselinemean(SD)SERwasDamong1975studentsingrade1vsDamong2670studentsingrade7.Baselineprevalenceofmyopiawas%ingrade1students(n=237of1969)and%ingrade7students(n=1795of2663).Theincidenceofmyopiawas20%to30%eachyearthroughoutbothcohorts.Theincidenceofhighmyopiawasinitiallylessthan1%intheprimaryschoolcohort(grade1:n=2of1825;%[95%CI,%%]),butincidenceexceeded2%inthejuniorhighschoolcohort(ingrade9:n=48of2044;%[95%CI,%%]).CONCLUSIONSANDRELEVANCE:TheincidenceofmyopiaamongChinesestudentsbasedonrefractionwithoutcycloplegiaisamongthehighestofanyculturalorethnicgroup.Ifconfirmedwithcycloplegicrefraction,interventionstopreventmyopiaonsetinChinesepopulationsshouldbeinitiatedinprimaryschools.基于無睫狀肌麻痹屈光度的中國學生近視發(fā)生率是所有文化或民族中最高的。如果確認睫狀肌麻痹屈光，應在小學開始干預中國人群中預防近視發(fā)作。05：Infantwakeaftersleeponsetservesasamarkerfordifferenttrajectoriesincognitivedevelopment.05、入睡開始后嬰兒的醒來作為認知發(fā)展中不同軌跡的標志雜志(JChildPsycholPsychiatry) 發(fā)表年份(2018)期刊影響因子()BACKGROUND:Sleepvariableshavebeenlinkedtoimprovedfunctioningoflearningandmemorythroughoutlife睡眠變量與改善學習和記憶功能有關(guān),withmoststudiesfocusingonolderchildrenandadults.Sinceinfancyisatimeofoutstandingplasticity可塑性，sleepvariablescouldbeparticularlyimportantforcognitivedevelopmentinthatagegroup.METHODS:Thisisalongitudinalstudycollectingdatafrom40infantsatfourdifferenttimepointsof4,6,8and10months.Sleepvariableswereassessedusingactigraphy體動記錄儀foraweek,aswellasasleepquestionnaire.Eye-trackingwasemployedtoexaminedevelopmentalcognitivetrajectories.Infantshadtorememberthelocationofatoythathadpreviouslybeenlinkedtoasoundandaneye-trackerrecordedwhethertheyweresearchingthecorrectlocationuponhearingthesound.眼動追蹤用于檢查發(fā)育認知軌跡，嬰兒必須記住先前與聲音相關(guān)的玩具的位置，并且記錄他們是否在聽到聲音時搜索正確的位置。RESULTS:Basedontheirtrajectoriesbetween4and10months,infantsweredividedintotwogroupswhoshiftedtheirresponsestrategiesatdifferenttimepoints.ThosetwogroupsalsodifferedinotheraspectsoftheirlookingpatternsandscoredincreasinglydifferentlyintheAges&StagesQuestionnaireovertime.Timespentawakeinthenightearlyinlifewasreducedinthegroupwhochangedtheirstrategyearlier.根據(jù)他們在4到10個月之間的軌跡，嬰兒被分成兩組，他們在不同的時間點改變他們的反應策略。這兩個群體在其外觀模式的其他方面也存在差異，并且隨著時間的推移在年齡和階段問卷中得分越來越不同。CONCLUSIONS:Whilepreviousresearchexaminedtherelationofinfantsleepandcognitivefunctioningmeasuredonce,thispaperprovidesfirstevidencethatnightwaketimecanserveasamarkerfordifferentcognitivetrajectories.雖然之前的研究一度檢驗了嬰兒睡眠和認知功能的關(guān)系，但本文提供了第一個證據(jù)，即夜間喚醒時間可以作為不同認知軌跡的標記。06：MaternalAdverseChildhoodExperiencesandInfantDevelopment.06、母親的不良童年經(jīng)歷和嬰兒發(fā)育雜志(Pediatrics) 發(fā)表年份(2018) 期刊影響因子()OBJECTIVES:Toexaminetheprenatalandpostnatalmechanismsbywhichmaternaladversechildhoodexperiences(ACEs)兒童期不良經(jīng)歷predicttheearlydevelopmentoftheiroffspring,specificallyviabiological(maternalhealthriskinpregnancy,infanthealthriskatbirth)andpsychosocialrisk(maternalstressduringandafterpregnancy,aswellashostilebehaviorinearlyinfancy).METHODS:Participantswere1994women(meanage=31years)andtheirinfants,whowererecruitedinpregnancyaspartofaprospectivelongitudinalcohortfrom2008to2010.Pregnantwomencompletedself-reportquestionnairesinpregnancyandpostpartumrelatedtopsychosocialriskandaquestionnaireabouthostilebehaviorwhentheirinfantwas4monthsofage.Healthriskinpregnancyandinfanthealthriskatbirthwereobtainedfromhealthrecords.MotherscompletedtheAgesandStagesQuestionnairewheninfantswere12monthsofage.RESULTS:PathanalysisrevealedthattheassociationbetweenmaternalACEsandinfantdevelopmentoutcomesat12monthsoperatedthrough2indirectpathways:biologicalhealthrisk(pregnancyhealthriskandinfanthealthriskatbirth)andpsychosocialrisk(maternalpsychosocialriskinpregnancyandmaternalhostilebehaviorininfancy).CONCLUSIONS:Psychosocialrisksinpregnancy,butnotinearlyinfancy,contributetothetransmissionofvulnerabilityfrommaternalACEstochilddevelopmentoutcomesininfancyviamaternalbehavior.MaternalhealthriskinpregnancyindirectlyconfersriskfrommaternalACEstochilddevelopmentoutcomesat12monthsofagethroughinfanthealthrisk.Maternalhealthandpsychosocialwell-beinginpregnancymaybekeytargetsforintervention.07:Maternaldietduringpregnancyisrelatedwiththeinfantstoolmicrobiomeinadeliverymode-dependentmanner.07、懷孕期間的母親飲食與嬰兒糞便微生物組以遞送模式依賴性方式相關(guān)雜志(Microbiome) 發(fā)表年份(2018)期刊影響因子()Background：Thegutmicrobiomehasanimportantroleininfanthealthandimmunedevelopmentandmaybeaffectedbyearly-lifeexposures.Maternaldietmayinfluencetheinfantgutmicrobiomethroughverticaltransfer垂直遷移ofmaternalmicrobestoinfantsduringvaginaldelivery陰道分娩andbreastfeeding.Weaimedtoexaminetheassociationofmaternaldietduringpregnancywiththeinfantgutmicrobiome6weekspost-deliveryinmother-infantdyadsenrolledintheNewHampshireBirthCohortStudy.Infantstoolsampleswerecollectedfrom145infants,andmaternalprenataldietwasassessedusingafoodfrequencyquestionnaire.Weusedtargetedsequencing靶向測序ofthe16SrRNAV4-V5hypervariableregiontocharacterizeinfantgutmicrobiota.Toaccountfordifferencesinbaselineandtrajectoriesofinfantgutmicrobialprofiles,westratifiedanalysesbydeliverymode.Results：Weidentifiedthreeinfantgutmicrobiomeclusters,characterizedbyincreasedabundanceofBifidobacterium雙歧桿菌,Streptococcus鏈球菌andClostridium梭菌,andBacteroides擬桿菌,respectively,overallandinthevaginallydeliveredinfantstratum.Intheanalysesstratifiedtoinfantsbornvaginallyandadjustedforotherpotentialconfounders,maternalfruitintakewasassociatedwithinfantgutmicrobialcommunitystructure(PERMANOVA,p<.Inmultinomiallogisticregressionanalyses,increasedfruitintakewasassociatedwithanincreasedoddsofbelongingtothehighStreptococcus/Clostridiumgroupamonginfantsbornvaginally(OR(95%CI)=,).IninfantsdeliveredbyCesareansection,weidentifiedthreeclustersthatdifferedslightlyfromvaginallydeliveredinfants,whichwerecharacterizedbyahighabundanceofBifidobacterium,highClostridiumandlowStreptococcusandRuminococcusgenera,andhighabundanceofthefamilyEnterobacteriaceae.MaternaldairyintakewasassociatedwithanincreasedoddsofinfantsbelongingtothehighClostridiumclusterininfantsbornbyCesareansection(OR(95%CI)=,).Linearmodelssuggestedadditionalassociationsbetweenmaternaldietandinfantintestinalmicrobesinbothdeliverymodestrata.Conclusions：Ourdataindicatethatmaternaldietinfluencestheinfantgutmicrobiomeandthattheseeffectsdifferbydeliverymode.08：ParentalObesityandEarlyChildhoodDevelopment.08、父母肥胖與兒童早期發(fā)育雜志(Pediatrics) 發(fā)表年份(2017) 期刊影響因子()BACKGROUND:Previousstudiesidentifiedassociationsbetweenmaternalobesityandchildhoodneurodevelopment,butfewexaminedpaternalobesitydespitepotentiallydistinctgenetic/epigeneticeffectsrelatedtodevelopmentalprogramming.METHODS:UpstateKIDS(2008-2010)recruitedmothersfromNewYorkState(excludingNewYorkCity)at4monthspostpartum.ParentscompletedtheAgesandStagesQuestionnaire(ASQ)whentheirchildrenwere4,8,12,18,24,30,and36monthsofagecorrectedforgestation.TheASQisvalidatedtoscreenfordelaysin5developmentaldomains(ie,finemotor,grossmotor,communication,personal-socialfunctioning,andproblem-solvingability).Analysesincluded3759singletonsand1062nonrelatedtwinswith>1ASQsreturned.Adjustedoddsratios(aORs)and95%confidenceintervalswereestimatedbyusinggeneralizedlinearmixedmodelsaccountingformaternalcovariates(ie,age,race,education,insurance,maritalstatus,parity,andpregnancysmoking).RESULTS:Comparedwithnormal/underweightmothers(BMI<25),childrenofobesemothers(26%withBMI>30)hadincreasedoddsoffailingthefinemotordomain(aOR;confidenceintervalTheassociationremainedafteradditionaladjustmentforpaternalBMI;Paternalobesity(29%)wasassociatedwithincreasedriskoffailingthepersonal-socialdomain;albeitattenuatedafteradjustmentformaternalobesity(aOR;ChildrenwhoseparentsbothhadBMI>35werelikelytoadditionallyfailtheproblem-solvingdomain;Findingssuggestthatmaternalandpaternalobesityareeachassociatedwithspecificdelaysinearlychildhooddevelopment,emphasizingtheimportanceoffamilyinformationwhenscreeningchilddevelopment.09：ExposureConcentrationsofInfantsBreastfedbyWomenReceivingBiologicTherapiesforInflammatoryBowelDiseasesandEffectsofBreastfeedingonInfectionsandDevelopment.09、接受生物療法治療炎癥性腸病的婦女母乳喂養(yǎng)的暴露濃度及母乳喂養(yǎng)對感染和發(fā)展的影響雜志(Gastroenterology) 發(fā)表年份(2018) 期刊影響因子()BACKGROUND&AIMS:Exposuretobiologicandimmunosuppressantagentsduringbreastfeedingiscontroversialandtherearelimiteddataonsafety.Weinvestigatedwhetherbiologicsaredetectableinbreastmilkfromwomenreceivingtreatmentforinflammatoryboweldiseases(IBD)andwhetherbreastfeedingwhileontreatmentisassociatedwithinfectionsordevelopmentaldelays.METHODS:Weperformedamulti-centerprospectivestudyofwomenwithIBDandtheirinfants,collectingbreastmilksamples(n=72)frompatientsreceivingbiologictherapyfromOctober2013toNovember2015.Drugconcentrationsweremeasuredinallbreastmilksamplesatseveraltimepointswithin48hrsofcollectionandwithin168hrsforsomesamples.ChilddevelopmentwasassessedusingtheAgesandStagesQuestionnaire3(ASQ3),completedby824womenwithIBD(treatedoruntreated)duringpregnancy(620breastfedand204didnot).Dataonchildrens'healthanddevelopmentwereobtainedfrommothersandpediatricians,alongwithinformationonmothers'medicationexposure,IBDhistory,activity,andpregnancy,andpost-partumcomplications.Weusedx2orFisher'sexacttesttodetermineassociationsbetweencategoricalvalues,andcompareddifferencesincontinuousoutcomesbetweengroupsusingANOVAmodels.Theprimaryoutcomewasdrugconcentrationofbiologicagentsinbreastmilk(from72women)at1,12,24,and48hoursafterdosing,andalsoat72,96,120,and168hrsfromavailablesamples.SecondaryoutcomeswerearangeofinfantinfectionsandASQ3-defineddevelopmentaldelaysamongallbreast-fedinfants.RESULTS:Wedetectedinfliximabinbreastmilksamplesfrom19of29treatedwomen(max口g/mL),adalimumabin2of21treatedwomen(max口g/mL),certolizumabin3of13treatedwomen(max日g/mL),natalizumabin1of2treatedwomen(max口g/mL),andustekinumabin4of6treatedwomen(max口g/mL);wedidnotdetectgolimumabinbreastmilkfromthe1womanreceivingthisdrug.Ratesofinfectionanddevelopmentalmilestonesat12monthsweresimilarinbreastfedvsnon-breastfedinfants:anyinfection39%vs39%incontrols(P=andmilestonescore87vs86incontrols(P=.9992).Ratesofinfectionanddevelopmentalmilestonesdidnotdifferamonginfantswhosemothersreceivedtreatmentwithbiologics,immunomodulators,or