2023年六級及答案

2023年12月大學(xué)英語六級試題及答案PartⅠWriting(30minutes)

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldParentsSendTheirKidstoArtClasses?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.目前有不少家長送孩子參與多種藝術(shù)班

2.對這種做法有人表達支持，也有人并不贊成

3.我認為……PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

BossesSay“Yes”toHomeWork

Risingcostsofofficespace,timelosttostressfulcommuting,andaslowrecognitionthatworkershavelivesbeyondtheoffice—allarestrongargumentsforlettingstaffworkfromhome.

Forthesmallbusiness,thereareadditionalbenefitstoo—staffaremoreproductive,andhappier,enablingfirmstokeeptheirheadcounts(員工數(shù))andtheirrecruitmentcoststoaminimum.Itcanalsoprovidecompetitiveadvantage,especiallywhensmallbusinesseswanttoattractnewstaffbutdon’thavethebudgettoofferhugesalaries.

Whilecompanymanagershaveknownaboutthebenefitsforalongtime,manyhavedonelittleaboutit,skepticalofwhethertheycouldtrusttheiremployeestoworktofullcapacitywithoutsupervision,orconcernedabouttheadditionalexpensesteleworkingpoliciesmightincurasstaffstartchargingtheirhomephonebillstothebusiness.

Yetthisisnowchanging.WhencommunicationsproviderInter-Telresearchedtheuseofremoteworkingsolutionsamongsmall-and-medium-sizedUKbusinessesinAprilthisyear,itfoundthat28%morecompaniesclaimedtohaveintroducedflexibleworkingpracticesthanayearago.

TheUKnetworkofBusinessLinksconfirmsthatittoohasseenagrowinginterestinremoteworkingsolutionsfromsmallbusinessesseekingitsadvice,andclaimsthatasmanyas60-70%ofthebusinessesthatcomethroughitsdoorsnowoffersomeformofremoteworkingsupporttotheirworkforces.

Technologyadvances,includingthewidespreadavailabilityofbroadband,aremakingtheintroductionofremoteworkingapieceofcake.

“Ifsystemsaresetupproperly,staffcanhaveaccesstoalltheresourcestheyhaveintheofficewherevertheyhaveaninternetconnection,”saysAndyPoulton,e-businessadvisoratBusinessLinkforBerkshireandWiltshire.“Therearesomeveryexcitingdevelopmentswhichhaveenabledthis.”

Oneistheavailabilityofbroadbandeverywhere,whichnowcoversalmostallofthecountry(BTclaimsthat,byJuly,99.8%ofitsexchangeswillbebroadbandenabled,withalternativeplansinplaceforeventhemostremoteexchanges).“Thisistheenabler,”Poultonsays.

Yetwhilebroadbandhascomedowninpricetoo,thoseserviceproviderstargetingthebusinessmarketwarnagainstconsumerservicesmasquerading(偽裝)asbusiness-friendlybroadband.

“Broadbandisavailableforaslittleas￡15amonth,butmanybusinessesfailtoappreciatethehiddencostsofsuchaservice,”saysNeilStephenson,salesandmarketingdirectoratOnyxInternet,aninternetserviceproviderbasedinthenorth-eastofEngland.“Providersofferingbroadbandforrock-bottompricesarenotoriousforpoorservice,withregularbreakdownsandheavilycongested(擁堵旳)networks.Itisalwaysadvisableforbusinessestolookbeyondthepricetagandlookforabusiness-onlyproviderthatcanoffermorereliability,withgoodsupport.”Suchservicesdon’tcosttoomuch—qualityservicescanbefoundforupwardsof￡30amonth.

Thebenefitsofbroadbandtotheoccasionalhomeworkerarethattheycanaccessemailinrealtime,andtakefulladvantageofservicessuchasinternet-basedbackuporeveninternet-basedphoneservices.

Internet-basedtelecoms,orVoIP(VoiceoverIP)togiveititstechnicaltitle,isaninterestingtooltoanybusinesssupportingremoteworking.Notnecessarilybecauseofthepromiseoffreeorreducedpricephonecalls(whichexpertspointoutismisleadingfortheaveragebusiness),butbecauseofthesophisticatedvoiceservicesthatcanbeexploitedbytheremoteworker—facilitiessuchasvoicemailandcallforwarding,whichprovideacontinuityofthecompanyimageforcustomersandbusinesspartners.

Bylaw,companiesmust“considerseriously”requeststoworkflexiblymadebyaparentwithachildundertheageofsix,oradisabledchildunder18.ItwastheneedtoaccommodateemployeeswithyoungchildrenthatmotivatedaccountancyfirmWrightVigartobeginpromotingteleworkingrecently.Thecompany,whichneededtoupgradeitsITinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)toprovideconnectivitywithanew,secondoffice,decidedtointroducesupportforremoteworkingatthesametime.

MarketingdirectorJackO’Hernexplainsthatthecompanyhasarelativelyyoungworkforce,manyofwhomareparents:“Oneofthetriggerswaswhenoneofourtaxmanagersreturnedfrommaternityleave.Shewasintendingtoworkparttime,butcouldonlymanageonedayaweekintheofficeduetochildcare.Byofferinghertheabilitytoworkfromhome,wehavedoubledhercapacity—nowsheworksadayaweekfromhome,andadayintheoffice.Thisisgreatforher,andforusasweretainsomeonehighlyqualified.”

ForWrightVigar,whichhasnowequippedallofitsfee-earnerstobeabletoworkatmaximumproductivitywhenawayfromtheoffices(whetherthat’sfromhome,orwhileontheroad),thisstrategyisnotjustaboutsavingoncommutetimeorcuttingthemloosefromtheoffice,butenablingthemtoworkmoreflexiblehoursthatfitaroundtheirhomelife.

O’Hernsays:“Althoughmostofourworkisclient-basedandmustfitaroundthis,wecan’tseeanyreasonwhyaparentcan’tbeonhandtodealwithsomethingimportantathome,iftheyhavetheabilitytocompleteaprojectlaterintheday.”

Supportingthisnewwayofworkingcamewithaprice,though.Althoughthefirmwasupdatingitssystemsanyway,thecompanyspent10-15%moreperusertoequipthemwithalaptopratherthanaPC,andaboutthesametoupgradetoaserverthatwouldenableremotestafftoconnecttothecompanynetworksandaccessalltheirusualresources.

AlthoughWrightVigarhasn’tyetquantifiedthebusinessbenefits,itclaimsthat,inadditiontobeingabletoretainkeystaffwithyoungfamilies,itisabletosavefee-earnersasubstantialamountof“dead”timeintheirworkingdays.

Thatstaffcandothiswithoutneedingafixedtelephonelineprovidesevenmoreefficiencysavings.“WithWi-Fi(fast,wirelessinternetconnections)poppingupallovertheplace,evenontrains,ourfee-earnerscanbeproductiveastheytravel,andbetweenmeetings,insteadofhavingtokilltimeattheshops,”headds.

Thecompanywillalsobeabletoavoidtheexpenseofhavingtorelocatestafftotemporaryofficesforseveralweekswhenitbeginsdisruptiveofficerenovationssoon.

FinancialrecruitmentspecialistLynneHargreavesknowsexactlyhowmuchherfirmhassavedbyadoptingateleworkingstrategy,whichhasinvolvedhandinghercompany’sdatamanagementovertoaremotehostingcompany,Datanet,soitcanbeaccessiblebyallthecompany’sconsultantsoverbroadbandinternetconnections.

Ithasenabledthecompanytodispensewithitsbusinesspremisesaltogether,followingtherealisationthatitjustdidn’tneedthemanymore.“Themainmotivationbehindadoptinghomeworkingwastoincreasemyownproductivity,asasinglemumtoan11-year-old,”saysHargreaves.“ButIsoonrealisedthat,asmostofourbusinessisdoneonthephone,emailandatoff-sitemeetings,wedidn’tneedourofficesatall.We’renowsaving￡16,000ayearonrent,plusthecostofutilities,nottomentionwhatwouldhavebeenspentoncommuting.”

1.

Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?

A)Howbusinessmanagersviewhi-tech.

B)Relationsbetweenemployersandemployees.

C)Howtocutdownthecostsofsmallbusinesses.

D)Benefitsofthepracticeofteleworking.

2.

FromtheresearchconductedbythecommunicationsproviderInter-Tel,welearnthat

.

A)moreemployeesworktofullcapacityathome

B)employeesshowagrowinginterestinsmallbusinesses

C)morebusinesseshaveadoptedremoteworkingsolutions

D)attitudestowardITtechnologyhavechanged

3.

WhatdevelopmenthasmadeflexibleworkingpracticespossibleaccordingtoAndyPoulton?

A)Reducedcostoftelecommunications.

B)Improvedreliabilityofinternetservice.

C)AvailabilityoftheVoIPservice.

D)Accesstobroadbandeverywhere.

4.

WhatisNeilStephenson’sadvicetofirmscontractinginternetservices?

A)Theylookforreliablebusiness-onlyproviders.B)Theycontactproviderslocatednearesttothem.

C)Theycarefullyexaminethecontract.

D)Theycontractthecheapestprovider.

5.

Internet-basedtelecomsfacilitatesremoteworkingby__________.

A)offeringsophisticatedvoiceservices

B)givingaccesstoemailinginrealtime

C)helpingclientsdiscussbusinessathome

D)providingcallscompletelyfreeofcharge

6.

TheaccountancyfirmWrightVigarpromotedteleworkinginitiallyinorderto__________.

A)presentapositiveimagetoprospectivecustomers

B)supportitsemployeeswithchildrentotakecareof

C)attractyoungpeoplewithITexpertisetoworkforit

D)reduceoperationalexpensesofasecondoffice

7.

AccordingtomarketingdirectorJackO’Hern,teleworkingenabledthecompanyto__________.

A)enhanceitsmarketimage

B)reducerecruitmentcosts

C)keephighlyqualifiedstaff

D)minimizeitsofficespace

8.

WrightVigar’spracticeofallowingformoreflexibleworkinghoursnotonlybenefitsthecompanybuthelpsimproveemployees’.

9.

Withfast,wirelessinternetconnections,employeescanstillbe__________whiletraveling.

10.

SinglemotherLynneHargreavesdecidedtoworkathomemainlyto__________.PartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

11.

A)Theywouldrathertravelaroundthanstayathome.

B)Theyprefertocarrycashwhentravelingabroad.

C)Theyusuallycarrymanythingsaroundwiththem.

D)Theydon’tliketospendmuchmoneyontraveling.

12.

A)Theselectionprocesswasalittleunfair.

B)Hehadlongdreamedofthedean’sposition.

C)Rodwaseliminatedintheselectionprocess.

D)Rodwasinchargeoftheadmissionsoffice.

13.

A)Applauseencouragesthesinger.

B)Sheregretspayingfortheconcert.

C)Almosteveryonelovespopmusic.

D)Theconcertisveryimpressive.

14.

A)Theyhaveknowneachothersincetheirschooldays.

B)TheywerebothchairpersonsoftheStudents’Union.

C)Theyhavebeeninclosetouchbyemail.

D)Theyaregoingtoholdareunionparty.

15.

A)Cooktheirdinner.

B)Restforawhile.

C)Gettheircarfixed.

D)Stopforthenight.

16.

A)Newly-launchedproducts.

B)Consumerpreferences.C)Surveyresults.

D)Surveymethods.17.

A)Hewouldratherthewomandidn’tbuytheblouse.

B)Thewomanneedsblousesinthecolorsofarainbow.

C)Theinformationinthecatalogisnotalwaysreliable.

D)Hethinkstheblueblouseisbetterthantheredone.

18.

A)Thecourseisopentoallnextsemester.

B)Thenoticemaynotbereliable.

C)Thewomanhasnottoldthetruth.

D)Hewilldrophiscourseinmarketing.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.

A)Adirectorofasalesdepartment.

B)Amanageratacomputerstore.

C)Asalesclerkatashoppingcenter.

D)Anaccountantofacomputerfirm.

20.

A)Handlingcustomercomplaints.

B)Recruitingandtrainingnewstaff.

C)Dispatchingorderedgoodsontime.

D)Developingcomputerprograms.

21.

A)Shelikessomethingmorechallenging.B)Shelikestobenearertoherparents.

C)Shewantstohaveabetter-paidjob.

D)Shewantstobewithherhusband.

22.

A)Rightaway.

B)Intwomonths.

C)Earlynextmonth.

D)Inacoupleofdays.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.

A)Itwillfacechallengesunprecedentedinitshistory.

B)Itisaresoluteadvocateoftheanti-globalmovement.

C)Itisboundtoregainitsfullgloryofahundredyearsago.

D)Itwillbeamajoreconomicpowerbythemid-21stcentury.

24.

A)Thelackofoverallurbanplanning.

B)Thehugegapbetweenthehavesandhave-nots.

C)Theinadequatesupplyofwaterandelectricity.

D)Theshortageofhi-techpersonnel.

25.

A)Theyattachgreatimportancetoeducation.

B)Theyareabletograspgrowthopportunities.

C)Theyaregoodatlearningfromothernations.

D)Theyhavemadeuseofadvancedtechnologies.SectionB

PassageOne

Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.

A)Shetaughtchemistryandmicrobiologycoursesinacollege.

B)Shegavelecturesonhowtobecomeapublicspeaker.

C)Shehelpedfamiliesmoveawayfromindustrialpolluters.

D)Sheengagedinfieldresearchonenvironmentalpollution.

27.

A)Thejobrestrictedherfromrevealingherfindings.

B)Thejobposedapotentialthreattoherhealth.

C)Shefoundtheworkingconditionsfrustrating.

D)Shewasofferedabetterjobinaminoritycommunity.

28.

A)Somegiantindustrialpollutershavegoneoutofbusiness.

B)Moreenvironmentalorganizationshaveappeared.

C)ManytoxicsitesinAmericahavebeencleanedup.

D)Morebranchesofhercompanyhavebeensetup.

29.

A)HerwidespreadinfluenceamongmembersofCongress.

B)Herabilitytocommunicatethroughpublicspeaking.

C)Herrigoroustrainingindeliveringeloquentspeeches.

D)Herlifelongcommitmenttodomesticandglobalissues.

PassageTwo

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

30.

A)Thefiercecompetitioninthemarket.

B)Thegrowingnecessityofstafftraining.

C)Theacceleratedpaceofglobalization.

D)Theurgentneedofadiverseworkforce.

31.

A)Gainadeepunderstandingoftheirownculture.

B)Takecoursesofforeignlanguagesandcultures.

C)Sharetheexperiencesofpeoplefromothercultures.

D)Participateininternationalexchangeprogrammes.

32.

A)Reflectivethinkingisbecomingcritical.

B)Labormarketisgettingglobalised.

C)Knowingaforeignlanguageisessential.

D)Globalizationwilleliminatemanyjobs.PassageThree

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.

A)Red-hairedwomenwereregardedasmorereliable.

B)Brown-hairedwomenwereratedasmorecapable.

C)Golden-hairedwomenwereconsideredattractive.

D)Black-hairedwomenwerejudgedtobeintelligent.

34.

A)Theyaresmartandeloquent.

B)Theyareambitiousandarrogant.

C)Theyareshrewdanddishonest.

D)Theyarewealthyandindustrious.

35.

A)Theyforcepeopletofollowtheculturalmainstream.

B)Theyexaggeratetherolesofcertaingroupsofpeople.

C)Theyemphasizediversityattheexpenseofuniformity.

D)Theyhinderourperceptionofindividualdifferences.SectionC

TheancientGreeksdevelopedbasicmemorysystemscalledmnemonics.

Thenameis36

fromtheirGoddessofmemory“Mnemosyne”.Intheancientworld,atrainedmemorywasan37

asset,particularlyinpubliclife.Therewereno38

devicesfortakingnotes,andearlyGreekorators(演說家)deliveredlongspeecheswithgreat39

becausetheylearnedthespeechesusingmnemonicsystems.

TheGreeksdiscoveredthathumanmemoryis40

anassociativeprocess—thatitworksbylinkingthingstogether.Forexample,thinkofanapple.The41

yourbrainregisterstheword“apple”,it42

theshape,color,taste,smelland43

ofthatfruit.Allthesethingsareassociatedinyourmemorywiththeword“apple”.

44

.Anexamplecouldbewhenyouthinkaboutalectureyouhavehad.Thiscouldtriggeramemoryaboutwhatyou’retalkingaboutthroughthatlecture,whichcanthentriggeranothermemory.45

.AnexamplegivenonawebsiteIwaslookingatfollows:DoyouremembertheshapeofAustria,Canada,Belgium,orGermany?Probablynot.WhataboutItaly,though?46

.Youmadeanassociationwithsomethingalreadyknown,theshapeofaboot,andItaly’sshapecouldnotbeforgottenonceyouhadmadetheassociation.

PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Manycountrieshavemadeitillegaltochatintoahand-heldmobilephonewhiledriving.Butthelatestresearchfurtherconfirmsthatthedangerlieslessinwhatamotorist’shandsdowhenhetakesacallthaninwhattheconversationdoestohisbrain.Evenusinga“hands-free”devicecandivertadriver’sattentiontoanalarmingextent.

MelinaKunaroftheUniversityofWarwick,andToddHorowitzoftheHarvardSectionB

PassageOne

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thereisnothinglikethesuggestionofacancerrisktoscareaparent,especiallyoneoftheover-educated,eco-conscioustype.SoyoucanimaginethereactionwhenarecentUSATodayinvestigationofairqualityaroundthenation’sschoolssingledoutthoseinthesmugly（自鳴得意旳）greenvillageofBerkeley,Calif.,asbeingamongtheworstinthecountry.Thecity’spublichighschool,aswellasanumberofdaycarecenters,preschools,elementaryandmiddleschools,fellinthelowest10%.Industrialpollutioninourtownhadsupposedlyturnedstudentsintolivingscienceexperimentsbreathinginalaboratory’sworthofheavymetalslikemanganese,chromiumandnickeleachday.Thisinacitythatrequiresschoolcafeteriastoserveorganicmeals.Great,Ithought,organiclunch,toxiccampus.

SinceDecember,whenthereportcameout,themayor,neighborhoodactivists（活躍分子）andvariousparent-teacherassociationshaveengagedinafiercebattleoveritsvalidity:overtheguiltofthesteel-castingfactoryonthewesternedgeoftown,overunionjobsversuschildren’shealthandoverwhat,ifanything,oughttobedone.Withallsidespresentingtheirownexpertsarmedwithconflictingscientificstudies,whomshouldparentsbelieve?Istheretrulyathreathere,weaskedoneanotheraswedroppedoffourkids,andifso,howgreatisit?Andhowdoesitcomparewiththeother,seeminglyperpetualhealthscaresweconfront,likepanicoverleadinsyntheticathleticfields?Ratherthanjustanotherweirdepisodeinthetownthatbroughtyouprotestingenvironmentalists,thislatestdramaisatrialforhowtoday’sparentsperceiverisk,howwetrytokeepourkidssafe—whetherit’spossibletokeepthemsafe—inwhatfeelslikeanincreasinglythreateningworld.Itraisesthequestionofwhat,inourtime,“safe”couldevenmean.

“There’snowayaroundtheuncertainty,”saysKimberlyThompson,presidentofKidRisk,anonprofitgroupthatstudieschildren’shealth.“Thatmeansyourchoicescanmatter,butitalsomeansyouaren’tgoingtoknowiftheydo.”A2023reportinthejournalPediatricsexplainedthatnervousparentshavemoretofearfromfire,caraccidentsanddrowningthanfromtoxicchemicalexposure.TowhichIsay:Well,obviously.Butsuchconcretehazardsarebesidethepoint.It’sthedangersparentscan’t—andmaynever—quantifythatoccurallofsudden.That’swhyI’veridmycupboardofmicrowavefoodpackedinbagscoatedwithapotentialcancer-causingsubstance,butalthoughI’velivedblocksfromamajorfaultline(地質(zhì)斷層)formorethan12years,Istillhaven’tboltedourbookcasestothelivingroomwall.

52.

WhatdoesarecentinvestigationbyUSATodayreveal?

A)Heavymetalsinlabteststhreatenchildren’shealthinBerkeley.

B)Berkeleyresidentsarequitecontentedwiththeirsurroundings.

C)TheairqualityaroundBerkeley’sschoolcampusesispoor.

D)ParentsinBerkeleyareover-sensitivetocancerriskstheirkidsface.

53.

WhatresponsedidUSAToday’sreportdraw?

A)Aheateddebate.

B)Popularsupport.

C)Widespreadpanic.

D)Strongcriticism.

54.

Howdidparentsfeelinthefaceoftheexperts’studies?

A)Theyfeltverymuchrelieved.

B)Theywerefrightenedbytheevidence.

C)Theydidn’tknowwhotobelieve.

D)Theyweren’tconvincedoftheresults.

55.

Whatistheviewofthe2023reportinthejournalPediatrics?

A)Itisimportanttoquantifyvariousconcretehazards.

B)Dailyaccidentsposeamoreseriousthreattochildren.

C)Parentsshouldbeawareofchildren’shealthhazards.

D)Attentionshouldbepaidtotoxicchemicalexposure.

56.

Ofthedangersineverydaylife,theauthorthinksthatpeoplehavemosttofearfrom__________.

A)theuncertain

B)thequantifiable

C)anearthquake

D)unhealthyfoodPassageTwo

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Cripplinghealthcarebills,longemergency-roomwaitsandtheinabilitytofindaprimarycarephysicianjustscratchthesurfaceoftheproblemsthatpatientsfacedaily.

Primarycareshouldbethebackboneofanyhealthcaresystem.Countrieswithappropriateprimarycareresourcesscorehighlywhenitcomestohealthoutcomesandcost.TheU.S.takestheoppositeapproachbyemphasizingthespecialistratherthantheprimarycarephysician.

ArecentstudyanalyzedtheproviderswhotreatMedicarebeneficiaries（老年醫(yī)保受惠人）.ThestartlingfindingwasthattheaverageMedicarepatientsawatotalofsevendoctors—twoprimarycarephysiciansandfivespecialists—inagivenyear.Contrarytopopularbelief,themorephysicianstakingcareofyoudon’tguaranteebettercare.Actually,increasingfragmentationofcareresultsinacorrespondingriseincostandmedicalerrors.

Howdidweletprimarycareslipsofar?Thekeyishowdoctorsarepaid.Mostphysiciansarepaidwhenevertheyperformamedicalservice.Themoreaphysiciandoes,regardlessofqualityoroutcome,thebetterhe’sreimbursed(返還費用).Moreover,theamountaphysicianreceivesleansheavilytowardmedicalorsurgicalprocedures.Aspecialistwhoperformsaprocedureina30-minutevisitcanbepaidthreetimesmorethanaprimarycarephysicianusingthatsame30minutestodiscussapatient’sdisease.Combinethisfactwithannualgovernmentthreatstoindiscriminatelycutreimbursements,physiciansarefacedwithnochoicebuttoincreasequantitytoboostincome.

Primarycarephysicianswhorefusetocompromisequalityareeitherdrivenoutofbusinessortocash-onlypractices,furthercontributingtothedeclineofprimarycare.

Medicalstudentsarenotblindtothisscenario.Theyseehowheavilythereimbursementdeckisstackedagainstprimarycare.Therecentnumbersshowthatsince1997,newlygraduatedU.S.medicalstudentswhochooseprimarycareasacareerhavedeclinedby50%.Thistrendresultsinemergencyroomsbeingoverwhelmedwithpatientswithoutregulardoctors.

Howdowefixthisproblem?

Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressureforprimarycarephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimally(最佳地)managingtheirdiseasesandpracticingevidence-basedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivetomedicalstudentsbyforgivingstudentloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandreconcilingthemarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.

We’reatapointwhereprimarycareisneededmorethanever.Withinafewyears,thefirstwaveofthe76millionBabyBoomerswillbecomeeligibleforMedicare.Patientsolderthan85,whoneedchroniccaremost,willriseby50%thisdecade.

Whowillbetheretotreatthem?57.

Theauthor’schiefconcernaboutthecurrentU.S.healthcaresystemis__________.

A)theinadequatetrainingofphysicians

B)thedecliningnumberofdoctors

C)theshrinkingprimarycareresources

D)theever-risinghealthcarecosts

58.

Welearnfromthepassagethatpeopletendtobelievethat__________.

A)themorecostlythemedicine,themoreeffectivethecure

B)seeingmoredoctorsmayresultinmorediagnosticerrors

C)visitingdoctorsonaregularbasisensuresgoodhealth

D)themoredoctorstakingcareofapatient,thebetter

59.

Facedwiththegovernmentthreatstocutreimbursementsindiscriminately,primarycarephysicianshaveto__________.

A)increasetheirincomebyworkingovertime

B)improvetheirexpertiseandservice

C)makevariousdealswithspecialists

D)seemorepatientsattheexpenseofquality

60.

Whydomanynewmedicalgraduatesrefusetochooseprimarycareastheircareer?

A)Theyfindtheneedforprimarycaredeclining.

B)Thecurrentsystemworksagainstprimarycare.

C)Primarycarephysicianscommandlessrespect.

D)Theythinkworkinginemergencyroomstedious.

61.

Whatsuggestiondoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?

A)Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.

B)Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.

C)Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.

D)Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.

PartVCloze(5minutes)

McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayaretodaynamedasthemostlitteredbrandsinEnglandasKeepBritainTidycalledonfast-foodcompaniestodomoretotacklecustomerswhodroptheirwrappersanddrinkscartons(盒子)inthestreets.

PhilBarton,chiefexecutiveofKeepBritainTidy,

62

itsnewDirtyPigcampaign,saiditwasthefirsttimeithadinvestigatedwhich

63

madeup“l(fā)itteredEngland”andthesamenamesappearedagainandagain.

“We

64

litterersfordroppingthisfastfoodlitter

65

thefirstplacebutalsobelievetheresultshavepertinent(有關(guān)旳)messagesforthefastfood

66

.Mc-Donald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayneedtodomoreto

67

litteringbytheircustomers.”

HerecognisedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,

68

placinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols,butitslitterremained“alltooprevalent”.Allfastfoodchainsshould

Reduce

69

packaging,headded.Companiescouldalsoreduceprices

70

thosewhostayedtoeatfoodontheirpremises,offermoney-offvouchers(代金券)orother

71

forthosewhoreturnedpackagingandputmorebinsat

72

pointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidetheirpremises.A

73

forMcDonald’ssaid:“Wedoourbest.Obviouslyweaskallourcustomerstodisposeoflitterresponsibly.”Trialsofmoreextensive,all-daylitterpatrolswere

74

inManchesterandBirmingham.

KFCsaidittookits

75

onlittermanagement“veryseriously”,andwouldintroduceaprogrammetoreducepackaging

76

manyproducts.Subwaysaidthatitworkedhardto

77

theimpactoflitteroncommunities，

78

itwas“stilldowntothe

79

customertodisposeoftheirlitterresponsibly”.Greggssaiditrecognizedthe“continuingchallengeforusall”