5種簡單句（課堂PPT）

FiveTypesofSimpleSentences

簡單句的五種類型1十大詞類(PartsofSpeech)

英語中的詞可以根據(jù)詞義，句法作用和形式特征分為十大詞類：名詞、代詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、冠詞、連詞、數(shù)詞、感嘆詞。2詞類英語名稱

意義實義詞n.表示人、事物、地點或抽象概念的名稱v.表示動作或狀態(tài)，分為五類：及物動詞(vt.)、不及物動詞(vi.)、系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞pron.代替名詞，數(shù)詞等num.表示數(shù)量或順序，分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞adv.修飾動詞，形容詞或其它副詞或句子adj.用于修飾名詞，表示人或事物的屬性或特征等虛詞art.限制名詞的意義，有不定冠詞(a,an)，定冠詞(the)prep.表示名詞、代詞等與句中其他詞的關(guān)系conj.用于連接詞與詞、短語與短語或句子與句子interj.表示說話人情感或口氣3需要弄清楚的幾個概念：1、及物動詞(vt.)：后面帶有賓語，意思才能完整。

eg.Theywantsomebooks.Heis

readingabook.2、不及物動詞(vi.)：本身意義完整，不需跟賓語。

eg.Birdsfly.Heworksinthefactory.

3、系動詞：系動詞本身雖有一定的詞義，但不完整，不能單獨作謂語，必須和作表語的詞語(如形容詞,名詞等)連用,構(gòu)成謂語。如：be(是),look(看起來像),become(成為,變得)等。

eg.Theyareteachers.Hebecameveryinterestedinscience.

4句子成分(ElementsoftheSentence)

組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分，主要有：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語、插入語、同位語等，其中主語和謂語是句子的主要成分。5句子成分英語名稱

可充當這些成分的詞和結(jié)構(gòu)主語Subject名詞、代詞(代詞主格或名詞性物主代詞)、數(shù)詞、動名詞、不定式或其它相當于名詞的詞、短語及主語從句謂語Predicate謂語只能由動詞（詞組）擔(dān)當

表語Predicative由形容詞、數(shù)詞、代詞(賓格或名詞性物主)、介詞短語、名詞（詞組)及表語從句等擔(dān)當賓語Object一般由名詞或與之相應(yīng)的其他詞類、短語或從句擔(dān)當定語Attribute由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、名詞所有格、介詞短語、不定式及其短語等擔(dān)當狀語Adverbial由副詞、不定式及其短語、介詞短語、以及狀語從句等擔(dān)當主賓補語ObjectComplement由名詞、形容詞、動名詞、不定式、介詞短語、名詞性從句等擔(dān)當6主語:表示句子說的是什么人或什么事,謂語:說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣賓語: 表示動作行為的對象賓語補足語:補充賓語的成分表語:說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征,位于系動詞之后。

以上的成分稱為基本句子成分。完整的句子一般至少包含2--4個基本成分。句子成分(ElementsoftheSentence)

7定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語定語可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisabeautiful

city.Chinaisadeveloping

country;

Americaisadeveloped

country.Therearethirty

women

teachersisourschool.His

rapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.

Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirst

toentertheclassroom.Theteaching

planfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.Tomisaboywholikesmusicverymuch.（形容詞）（分詞）（名詞）（代詞）（不定式）（動名詞）（介詞短語）（從句）8狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。通常有副詞，介詞短語和從句充當．狀語種類如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（時間狀語）Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因狀語）Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（條件狀語）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地點狀語）9Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.方式狀語Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.伴隨狀語Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.目的狀語Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.結(jié)果狀語Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.讓步狀語Iamtallerthanheis.比較狀語10同位語:

對其前面的名詞代詞做進一步解釋.ThatisMr.Chen,ourEnglishteacher.

插入語:

對一句話作一些附加的解釋.

Tobehonest,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.定語，狀語，同位語及插入語可以稱為附屬句子成分。11分類說明例句簡單句由一個主語或并列主語和一個謂語或并列謂語構(gòu)成的句子。即一套主謂關(guān)系。1.TomandIfoundherthere.2.Weallbreathe,eatandwork.并列句由并列連詞（and,so,but,or等）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子。1.Helikeseggs,buthedoesn’tlikechickens.2.Workhardoryouwillfallbehind.復(fù)合句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子1.Ibelieveyouareright.2.Ifyoustudyharder,youwillpasstheexam.句子分類12

判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom.4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.簡單句

復(fù)合句

簡單句簡單句

135.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant.9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.并列句

復(fù)合句并列句

復(fù)合句簡單句簡單句14FiveTypesofSimpleSentences

簡單句的五種句型15簡單句的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)：1.Thesunrises.2.Idon’tlikebasketball.3.Dannyistired.4.Heshowsmeabook.5.Ifoundtheoldmaningoodhealth主語+不及物動詞主語+及物動詞+賓語主語+系動詞+表語主語+動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語主語+動詞+賓語+賓補________________________________________________________________________________16FiveTypesofSimpleSentences:1.主語+不及物動詞2.主語+及物動詞+賓語3.主語+系動詞+表語4.主語+動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語5.主語+動詞+賓語+賓補Subject+IntransitiveVerbSubject+TransitiveVerb+ObjectSubject+LinkVerb+PredictiveSubject+Verb+IndirectObject+DirectObjectSubject+Verb+Object+Complement17FiveTypesofSimpleSentences:1.主語+不及物動詞2.主語+及物動詞+賓語3.主語+系動詞+表語4.主語+動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語5.主語+動詞+賓語+賓補S+VS+V+OS+V+PS+V+IO+DOS+V+O+C18基本句型一Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋謂）1.Time2.Thesun3.Theman4.Everybodyflies.rises.cooked.laughed．此句型中動詞是不及物動詞,能表達完整意思，沒有直接賓語。主語可有修飾語---定語，謂語可有修飾語---狀語如，Theredsunrisesintheeast.19例如：

Thewater

isboiling.SV

They

havebeenwaitingthereforhours.SV

Thetrain

willleavesoon.SV

Theflags

arewavinginthewindSV20基本句型二Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋系＋表）1.He2.Thedinner3.Theweather

issmellsbecametallandstrong.good.warmer.系動詞主要是指be動詞的各種變化形式，也包括那些有時起系動詞作用的實義動詞。此句型中謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達完整的意思。21系動詞有三類：1.表示特征和存在狀態(tài)的：be,seem,appear,feel,look,smell,sound,taste2.表狀態(tài)延續(xù)的：remain,stay,keep,continue,stand3.表狀態(tài)變化的：become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow22He

is

agoodstudent.SVPShe

is

intheclassroom.SVP

It

isgetting

warmerandwarmer.SVP

Thetrees

turn

green.SVP23

基本句型三Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）ＳＶ（及物動詞）Ｏ(賓語)1.Who

2.She3.I4.I5.Iknowslaughatwantdon’tknowenjoytheanswer?her.tohaveacupoftea.whattodo.livinghere.此句型中的謂語動詞是及物動詞，必須跟一個賓語，才能使意思完整，而賓語成分的多樣化使這一結(jié)構(gòu)異常復(fù)雜。24

He

has

asister.SVO

They

wanted

tohavearest.SVO

She

carriedout

herplan.SVO

He

likes

watchingTV.SVO25動詞不定式做賓語：常見的動詞有：agree,choose,decide,expect,fail,hope,wish,manage,offer,plan,refuse,want等e.g.Hemanaged

toescapefromthefire.26常見的只能接動名詞作賓語的動詞有：admit，allow，avoid，consider，delay，deny，dislike，enjoy，escape,fancy,finish,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,risk,stop,suggest等。e.g.Youshouldavoidmentioninghisdivorce.27動詞短語有：giveup,insiston,feellike,lookforwardto,stickto,beusedto,bebusy,等e.g.HewillkeeptryingoutnewideassohecanhelpfarmersaroundChina.Everytimeyoufeellikesmokingacigarette,remindyourselfthatyouareanon-smoker.28有些動詞，后面皆可以接動名詞，也可以接不定式做賓語。常見的有attempt，begin,continue,fear,forget,hate,help,intend,learn,like,love,need,prefer,regret,remember,start,stop,try,want.等有些動詞后接動名詞與不定式，意思會有所不同。29Stoptalking,StoptotalkIcan’thelplaughingIcan’thelptocleantheoffice.RegrettellingRegrettotellForgetpostingtheletterForgettoposttheletterRemembersendingherane-mailRemembertosendherane-mail.30

基本句型四Ｓ+Ｖ+IO+Ｏ（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）ＳＶ（及物）ｏ（多指人）Ｏ（多指物）1.I2.Heshowedboughthimmemypictures.abeautifulskirt.此句型中的謂語動詞必須有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者（多指物），另一個是動作的間接賓語（多指人）。若要先說出直接賓語，后說間接賓語，則要借助與介詞to或for。Heboughtmeabeautifulskirt.Heboughtabeautifulskirtforme.31用to側(cè)重指動作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對著某人。用for

側(cè)重指動作的受益者，表示為了某人，替某人。常跟雙賓語的動詞有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等（需借助for的）buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing等。32She

brought

me

ashirt.SVIODOPass

him

thedictionary,please.VIODO

I

lend

him

mybicycle.SVIODOHermother

bought

her

askirt.SVIODO

33

基本句型五Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補）ＳＶ（及物）Ｏ（賓語）Ｃ（賓補）1.We2.They3.We4.Ikeepcallaskedsaw

thetablesupperhimthem

clean.dinner.tocomebacksoon.gettingonthebus.

此句型中謂語動詞除了跟一個賓語外，還需跟一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。34注意：用it做形式賓語，而將真正的賓語放到賓語補足語的后面，是英語常用句型。即主語+謂語+it+賓補+真正賓語。如，Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.常用于此句型的動詞有:think,believe,consider,suppose,find,feel,make35We

call

him

XiaoLiu.SVOCThenews

made

me

happy.SVOCHe

keeps

hishand

behindhisback.SVOCThestory

made

us

laugh.SVOCHe

heard

somebody

openingthedoor.SVOC36動詞+賓語+不定式（todo）常見的可用不定式做賓語補足語的動詞有：want,ask,wish,allow,forbid,encourage,force,invite,order,persuade,tell,advise等。e.g.Hewantmetobecareful.heaskedmetomarryhim.37在感官動詞see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,smell,feel等動詞后不定式做補語，省略to.在被動句中to不能省。e.g.IsawhimdanceHewasseentodance.在使役動詞let,have,make等后面做賓補，不定式省略to.被動句中則不能省略！e.g.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.38現(xiàn)在分詞可以在see,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,feel,have,get等動詞后做補語。e.g.Shecouldfeelherheartbeatingwithfear.IcouldseeoldTomswimmingbytheboat,showingustheway.39過去分詞可以在see,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,feel,have,make,get等動詞后做補語。e.g.Totheirsurprise,thethreecountriesfoundthemselvesunitedpeacefullyinsteadofbywar.Shefailedtomakeherselfheardabovethenoiseofthetraffic.40Youaresittingonthetrainhome.Therecomesthebus!Theego’spotentialforexpansionislimitless.BreckenridgehoststheinternationalSnowSculptureChampionships.Ourneighborsgaveusababybirdyesterday.Wethinkitourdutytostudywell.主+謂（S+V）主+謂（S+V）主+系+表（S+V+P）主+動+賓（SVO）主+動+間賓+直賓（SVOiOd）主+動+賓+補（SVOC）判斷下列句子屬于何種句式．Exercises:41更正下列句子的錯誤Exercises:1.Hecametheroom.2.Themusicsounds.3.Ihaveseen.4.Hegaveapenme.5.Thebossmadetheboytoworkhard.6.Myfatherboughtabooktome.1.Hecameintotheroom.2.Themusicsoundswonderful.3.Ihaveseenthefilm.4.Hegaveapentome.5.Thebossmadetheboyworkhard.6.Myfatherboughtabookforme.42After-classExercise43Mysisterisanurse.Theyaredrinking.Theyaredrinkingtea.Theoldmanwalksinthepark.Shepassedhimthesalt.Wekeepthetableclean._______S

_V______P____S___________V____S__________V__O__________S____V___S_____V___IO______DO__S____V_______O____C判斷下面的句子是哪種句型447.Theyworkhard.8.Theflowerisdead.9.Plantsneedwater.10.Hegivesmesomeseeds.11.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.12.Manyanimalsliveintrees.____S____V________S__V____P_____S____V____O___S____V___IO_________DO___S__________V________O__________C____________S___V45Thespringiscoming.Inspring,theweatherbecomeswarmer.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Showmeyourbooks.Keepthemwarmatnight.S+VS+V+PS+V+OS+V+IO+DOS+V+O+C46Theyworkhard.Thefloweris