中考英語復(fù)習(xí)賓語從句

PAGEPAGE6賓語從句一：概念：賓語：在行為動(dòng)詞或介詞之后，表示行為或動(dòng)作的對象。賓語從句：在句子中充當(dāng)賓語并且自身是一個(gè)完整的句子。二、類型

賓語從句根據(jù)其引導(dǎo)詞的不同可分為三種類型：

1.由連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如：Hesaid(that)itwasSundayyesterday.

2.由連詞if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如：Couldyoutellmeif/whethertherewillbeatestnextweek?3.由which,when等連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，如：Idon’tknowhowIcangetthere.

三、理順三個(gè)步驟

把兩個(gè)單句組成含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句時(shí)，合并變化應(yīng)遵循以下三個(gè)步驟：

1.確定引導(dǎo)詞根據(jù)從句的句子類型選擇正確的引導(dǎo)詞。1.that引導(dǎo)，說明該從句是一個(gè)陳述句。that只有語法上的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，在口語中往往省略。例如：Ibelieve(that)hewillcomeintwodays.Ididn’tknow(that)hehadfinishedthework.2.由if或whether引導(dǎo)，說明該從句是一個(gè)一般疑問句。在句中的實(shí)際意思是“是否”。例如：Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasadoctor.Wewonderedif/whetherweshouldhaveatesttomorrow.注：只能用whether1).后面有ornot時(shí)2）賓語從句提在句首3）在介詞之后。3.連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)，說明該從句是一個(gè)特殊問句，并且這些連接代詞或副詞還要在句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。例如：CouldyoutoldmehowIcangettothestation?Idon’tknowwhattheyaretalkingabout.2.調(diào)整語序賓語從句永遠(yuǎn)是陳述句語序=“主語+謂語+賓語”。若原句是疑問句式，則應(yīng)將它調(diào)整為陳述句語序。1)Ishegoingtotheshop?

Iwanttoknow.(改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句)Iwanttoknowif/whetherheisgoingtotheshop.

2)Whendoeshegetup?

Doyouknow?

(改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句)

Doyouknowwhenhegetsup?

3.變換時(shí)態(tài)

A.若主句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)，賓語從句可根據(jù)實(shí)際情況選用所需要的任何時(shí)態(tài)1)Hesays(that)hewillfinishtheworktomorrow.

2)Ithink(that)theyhavealreadygonetoBeijing.

B.若主句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，則賓語從句動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)用過去時(shí)的某種形式（如：一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)等）。如：1)Sheaskedif/whetherhewasleavingforShanghaisoon.2)Hesaid(that)theyhadaverygoodjourney.

“主現(xiàn)/將從不限主過從過另外，還需考慮標(biāo)點(diǎn)的使用和人稱的變化。

A.帶賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句的標(biāo)點(diǎn)由主句來決定。若主句是陳述句，則用句號(hào)；若主句是疑問句，則用問號(hào)。如：

1)Whendowearrive?

Wedon’tknow.

(改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句)Wedon’tknowwhenwearrive.2)Whattimedoestheshipleave?

Doyouknow?

(改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句)

Doyouknowwhattimetheshipleaves?B.需變?yōu)橘e語從句的句子的主語如果是第一人稱，則隨主句的主語變（主句主語是第幾人稱，則賓語從句的主語變?yōu)榈趲兹朔Q）；如果是第二人稱，則隨主句的賓語變（主句賓語是第幾人稱，則賓語從句的主語變?yōu)榈趲兹朔Q）；如果是第三人稱，則不要變（賓語從句的主語仍用第三人稱）。一主二賓三不變?nèi)纾篠hallIgothere?Heaskedme.

(改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句)

Heaskedmeif/whetherhewouldgothere.Willyougothere?Heaskedme.(改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句)

Heaskedmeif/whetherIwouldgothere.Willshegothere?Heaskedme.(改為含賓語從句的復(fù)合句)

Heaskedmeif/whethershewouldgothere.

三、加強(qiáng)三點(diǎn)注意

1.時(shí)態(tài)不變

當(dāng)賓語從句的內(nèi)容是客觀事實(shí)或科學(xué)真理等時(shí)，不論主句是什么時(shí)態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。如：

Theearthgoesaroundthesun.

Theteachersaid.

(改為賓語從句)

Theteachersaid(that)theearthgoesaroundthesun.

2.“兩副面孔”

if和when等既能引導(dǎo)賓語從句，又能引導(dǎo)狀語從句。因此，碰到此種情況要認(rèn)真分析看它們屬于“兩副面孔”的哪一種。當(dāng)從句表示將來時(shí),若引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，它們的時(shí)態(tài)常用一般將來時(shí)；若引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句，它們的時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。如：1)Idon’tknowif/whenhewillcometomorrow.(賓語從句)2)If/Whenhecomes,he’lltellyouaboutit.(狀語從句)

3.從句的簡化

A.當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞為hope,wish,decide,choose,agree等，且主句與從句主語相同時(shí)，從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

HeagreedthathecouldhelpmewithmyEnglish.

→HeagreedtohelpmewithmyEnglish.B.當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞為hear,see,watch等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常簡化為“賓語+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或v-ing形式。如：Iheardthatsomechildrensang/weresingingsomesongs.→Iheardsomechildrensing/singingsomesongs.

C.在連接代/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中，當(dāng)從句主語與主句主語或間接賓語相一致時(shí)，賓語從句可簡化為“連接代/副詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.

→Idon’tknowwhattodo.鞏固練習(xí)一：.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Ithinkhe________(come)backsoon.2.Hetoldmehisfather________(read)thenewspaperthistimeyesterday.3.Iwanttoknowifhe________(go)fishingwithme.4.Ididn’tknowwho________(break)thewindow.5.Hetoldmehisfather________(fly)toBeijingthenextday.6.Theteachertoldusthatlight________(travel)muchfasterthansound.7.Heaskedifthegirl________(find)herlostbike.8.Hesaidhe________(go)toBeijingthreeyearsago.9.Heaskedwhothegirl________(look)for.10...Iaskedhimwhetherit________(snow)inwinterinAustralia.二.將下列句子改成賓語從句。1.Myfatherwillcomebackintwodays.Hesaid____________________________.2.DoesyouruncleliveinBeijing?Heaskedme__________________________.3.Haveyoufinishedreadingthenovel?Heaskedme______________________________.4.Willyougototheparkwithme?Heaskedme_________________________________.5.WhocananswerthequestioninEnglish?Heasked_____________________________.6.What’swrongwiththeboy?Thedoctorasked___________________________.7.Whatisthemandoing?Heasked________________________________.8.Aretheforeignguestsgoingtovisitourschool?Nobodyknew_______________________.9.IstheshanghailibraryopenonSundays?Doyouknow____________________________?10.Whodoeshewanttosee?Didn’thetellyou____________________________.三：選擇填空。1.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleaveC.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave2.Canyoutellme_________?A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives3.Theoldmanaskedme________.A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinemaC.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema4.Ithink_______youwilllikehim.A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how5.Ididn’tknow_______hewillcomeornot.A.thatB.WhetherC.weatherD.how6.Iwonder_________.A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescostC.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost7.Sheaskedme_________.A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis8.Askhim_________.A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthisC.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup9.Idon’tknow_________.A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovieC.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong________.A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill11.Theweatherforecastdoesn’tsay_________.A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrowC.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow12.Doyouknow_________?A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisisC.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto13.Couldyoutellmewhere_________?A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape14.Theywanttoknow_________?A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyouC.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying15.Tonywantedtoknow_________.A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstockingB.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstockingC.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstockingD.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking16.Nooneknows_________theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.A.whenB.WhetherC.WhereD.if17.Julydidn’tknow_________.A.whereisTim’sfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmadeC.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch18.Noonetoldus_________,soweneedyourhelp.A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddoC.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo19.Wedon’tknow_________withtherubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea.A.howdoitB.howtodoC.whatdoitD.whattodo20.Heaskedme_________.A.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoneyB.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoneyC.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundoutD.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney21.Thechildrensaidtheythemselvesverymuch.A.if,enjoyB.why,enjoyedC.what,enjoyD.that,enjoyed22.Idon’tthinkIouttheproblem.A.if,canworkB.how,willwork C.that,canwork D.when,willwork23.Sheisafraidhecoldatnight.A.that,willcatchB.that,catchesC.whether,willcatchD.if,catches24.WearesurehetospeakFrenchwell.A.that,learnedB.that,haslearnedC.if,learned D.if,haslearned25.TheboyaskedIanynoisefromoutside.A.when,heardB.why,hadheard C.whether,hadheard D.what,heard26.Whocantellusaboutoverthere?A.whattheytalk B.whatdotheytalkC.whataretheytalking D.whattheyaretalking27.Wecouldn’tfindout,soweaskedapoliceman.A.whosebikeitwasB.whosebikewasitC.whoseitwasbikeD.whosewasitbike28.Doyouknowtaketogettothehospital?A.whichwaymustweB.whichmustwewayC.whichwaywemustD.whichwemustway29.Tomaskedtoschoollate.A.whodidoftencomeB.whooftendidcomeC.whooftencomeD.whooften