研究生精讀教程第三下冊(cè)

會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1研究生精讀教程第三下冊(cè)UnitFourTheManWhoDiscoveredMotherNature1.Text2.Exercise3.SupplementaryReading第1頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)TheManWhoDiscoveredMotherNatureJamesLovelock's①boldnewtheorymayforeverchangethewaywelookatlifeonourplanet

LowellPonteMenuTranslation第2頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)peacock△n.alargebird,whichhaslongtailfeathers孔雀strut△vi.(usu.derog)towalkproudlyandstiffly,esp.withthechestpushedforwardsandtryingtolookimportant大搖大擺地走，架子十足地走M(jìn)enu［1］AMIDGREENROLLINGHILLSinsouthwestEngland,themud-and-strawcottageseemsunchangedsinceShakespeare's①time.Peacocks*strut*inthesurroundingmeadow.第3頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Butanewadjoining*buildinghousesalaboratoryfilledwithcomputers,chromatographs*,chemicalandelectronicequipment.adjoining△adj.touchingorhavingacommonboundaryatapointorline毗鄰的chromatographn.instrumentforseparatingandusu.identifyingthechemicalcompoundspresentinamixturebydissolvingthemixtureinaliquidorgasandpassingitoverorthroughanabsorbentsubstancesothateachcompoundremainsinthesubstanceasaseparateoftencoloredlayer色譜儀，色層分離儀TranslationMenu第4頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)［2］Theowner,JamesLovelock,isananachronism*.Inanagewhenalmostallscientistsarespecialistsworkinginlargeorganizations,Lovelock,now72,isanindependentresearcherandinventor,freelypursuinghiscuriosityacrossmanyfields.anachronismn.aperson,thing,orideathatisorappearstobeinthewrongperiodoftime與時(shí)代不相符合的人(或事物)Menu第5頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Credited*withmorethan40patents*,heresemblesamodernBenFranklin①,whowouldstudytheGulfStream②onedayandthenextflyhiskitetocatchthesecretsoflightningbolts.Andfromhissmalllaboratory,Lovelockhasproposedatheorythatischangingthewayscientiststhinkaboutlifeonourplanet.credit※vt.toconsiderusu.favorablyasthesource,author,motivatingagent,orperformerofanactionoraspossessorofatrait—usu.usedwith“with”認(rèn)為…有(某種優(yōu)點(diǎn)或成就等)patent※n.agrantmadebyagovernmenttoaninventor,assuringhimthesolerighttomake,useandsellhisinventionforacertainperiodoftime專(zhuān)利，專(zhuān)利權(quán)TranslationMenu第6頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)［3］ItallbeganmorethanthreedecadesagowhenLovelockdevisedtheelectroncapturedetector*.Stillwidelyused,thiselectronicnoseisabletosniffoutafewpartspertrillion*ofchemicalsfoundinthesoil,waterorair.AwareofLovelock'sskills,NASA③askedhimin1961tohelpdevisewaysofdetectinglifeonMars.detector△n.anyinstrumentforfindingoutthepresenceofsomething檢測(cè)器，探測(cè)器trillionn.(Gt.Brit.)millionmillionmillion[英]百億億，百萬(wàn)兆(百萬(wàn)的三次冪)；[美]百億，兆(百萬(wàn)的二次冪)MenuTranslation第7頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)［4］LovelockstudiedthechemistryofMars,usinganalysesprovidedbyNASA'sinfrared*telescopes,andfoundthatnochemicalchangesweregoingon.Suchstabilitywasacleargravestonemarkingalifelessplanet.Later,twoViking*robotlandersonMarsconfirmedhisgrimanalysis.infrared※adj.oforbeingraysoflightoflongwavelengththatcannotbeseenbutgiveheat紅外線(xiàn)的，產(chǎn)生紅外輻射的Vikingn.thecoastsofnorthernandwesternEuropefromthe8ththroughthe10thcentury北歐海盜；海盜；維京人Menu第8頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Butnownoticethis.Ifonesimplywithholdstreatment,itmaytakethepatientlongertodie,andsohemaysuffermorethanhewouldifmoredirectactionweretakenandlethal*injectiongiven.Thisfactprovidesstrongreasonforthinkingthat,oncetheinitialdecisionnottoprolonghisagonyhasbeenmade,activeeuthanasiaisactuallypreferabletopassiveeuthanasia,ratherthanthereverse.lethal※adj.ableorcertaintokill致死的MenuTranslation第9頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)［5］ButwhilesearchingforsignsoflifeonMars,Lovelockbecamefascinatedwiththe"Goldilocks*Problem",apuzzlethathaslongintrigued*scientists:WhyisVenustoohotforlife,MarstoocoldandEarthjustright?goldilocksn.aEuropeanplant歐洲一種黃花；金發(fā)菊屬植物；歐洲童話(huà)中的一位“金發(fā)小姑娘”（她到野外游玩，誤入住有三只熊的房子，她把熊老二的粥喝了，椅子坐壞了，最后倒在熊老二的床上睡著了。）intriguevt.arousetheinterestorcuriosityof激起……的興趣或好奇心；使感到迷惑不解而急欲弄清TranslationMenu第10頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)［6］ResearchersusedtoassumethatEarthsimplyhadthegoodlucktobeatpreciselytherightdistancefromtheSunsothatwaterremainedinaliquidstate,attemperaturesbetweenboilingandfreezing.

Menu第11頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Butoursunhasburnedhotterasitages;thebestestimateisthatitshineswith25to30percentmorelightandheatthanwhenlifefirstappearedonEarthabout3.8billionyearsago.Earth'saveragetemperaturethenisestimatedtohavebeenaround73degreesFahrenheit.Todayit'scooler,about59degreesF.Howcouldthisbe?

TranslationMenu第12頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)［7］Lovelockwonderedwhethersomepowerful,selfregulatingsystemwasatwork.Hecameupwithaprovocative*thesis:ourplanetactslikeagiantlivingorganism,vocativeadj.likelytocause,anger,argument,interest,etc.激怒的；引起議論、興趣等的；刺激的Menu第13頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Individualsandspeciesunknowinglyplayapart,muchastheredbloodcellsinyourbodyhavealifeoftheirown,butunwittingly*workinconcerttomaintainyourlife.unwittingadj.notknowingornotintended不知情的；無(wú)心的；非故意的TranslationMenu第14頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)［8］NobelPrizewinningauthorWilliamGolding①,Lovelock'sneighbor,suggestedcallingthetheoryGaia(GUY-ah)aftertheancientGreekEarthgoddess,Lovelockembraced*thename.Sincehefirstpropounded*itin1969,theGaiaHypothesis②hasbecomethecenterofamajorstormofscientificdebate.embracevt.accept;makeuseof接受；利用propoundvt.putforwardorofferforconsiderationorsolution提出以供考慮或解決MenuTranslation第15頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)［9］Simpleasitsounds,theGaiaHypothesisisarevolutionaryidea.Itarguesthatlivingthingsarenotpassivevictimsoftheirenvironmentbutcanalterit.ThetheorycouldtransformscientificthinkingmuchasdidSirIsaacNewton's①imageoftheuniverseasaclockworkmechanism.Menu第16頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Gaiachallengesthescientificestablishment-whoseexpertsjealouslyrulenarrowspecialties-toseeabiggerpicture:theworldasonesysteminwhichseaandskyandlifetransformoneanother.Menu第17頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)AsLovelock,whoearnedhisdoctorate*inmedicine,hassaid,"WeneedtostudyEarthasdoctorsdiagnoseandtreatpatients,notasanisolatedlegorearbutasawhole,livingbeing.Weneedscientiststothinkinanewway,tobegeophysicians."doctoraten.thedegreeorstatusofadoctorasconferredbyauniversity博士銜，博士學(xué)位TranslationMenu第18頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)［10］TounderstandhowGaiaworks,turntheclockbacktowhenlifewasfirstemerging.EvidencesuggeststhatEarth'satmospherethencontainedupto98percentcarbondioxide.Thisproduceda"supergreenhouseeffect“thatkeptourworldwarm.Menu第19頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)ButastheSungraduallyburnedhotter,whatpreventedEarthfrombecomingoverheated?Justsucharunaway*greenhouseeffectturnedVenus,aplanetverysimilartooursinsizeandprimordial*chemistry,intoahellishplacewithsurfacetemperaturesabove800F.runawayadj.outofcontrol脫離控制的primordialadj.existingfromoratthebeginning(oftime)初發(fā)的，初生的；原始的，(從)原始時(shí)代存在的Menu第20頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Lovelock'sansweristhatonEarthlivingthingsmadethedifference.Thefirstbacteria,forinstance,consumedcarbondioxide,removingitfromtheatmosphereandlimitingtheeffectofthisgreenhousegas.MenuTranslation第21頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)［11］Thenaround3.7billionyearsago,earlyformsofbluegreenalgae*begantousesunlighttomakefood.Buttheyalsoproducedwhatwasintheirworldapoisonousgas-oxygen.Whenthiseventuallybegantoaccumulateintheatmosphere,2.5billionyearsago,itcooledtheplanetandkilledsomelifeforms.Otherorganismslearnedtolivewithoxygen,andthatsetthesceneforthelifewenowknow.algaen.(pl.)verysimple,usu.verysmallplantsthatliveinornearwater(復(fù)數(shù))水藻，海藻TranslationMenu第22頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)［12］Todayoxygenmakesup21percentofEarth'satmosphere.Carbondioxidecomprisesonly3/100thsofonepercentoftheairaroundus.OnVenus,itis98percent.MenuTranslation第23頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)［13］Gaiahasmanyfeedback*systems.Forinstance,Lovelockoncementionedhismeasurementsofplankton*-produceddimethylsulfide*gasintheatmospheretoUniversityofWashingtonscientistRobertCharlson.feedback△n.remarksaboutorinanswertoanaction,process,etc.,passedbacktotheperson(ormachine)incharge,sothatchangescanbemadeifnecessary反饋，反應(yīng)，回復(fù)planktonn.theverysmallformsofplantandanimallifethatliveinwater,esp.thesea,andareeatenbymanyfish浮游生物dimethylsulfiden.二甲硫Menu第24頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Charlsonhadbeenpuzzlingoverwhatunknownparticlesprovidethenucleionwhichmoisturecondenses,formingclouds.Asaresult,Lovelock,Charlsonandtwoothercolleaguehypothesized*anotherGaianfeedbackmechanism.hypothesize※vt.toadoptasahypothesis;assume假設(shè)，假定Menu第25頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ifweatherwarmed,planktonmightemit*moredimethylsulfide;theresultingsulfurparticlesintheairmightproducemoreabundantdropletsandreflective*clouds,therebyshadingtheworldbeneathandreflectingmoresunlightbackintospace.Earth,accordingtothisstilldebatedtheory,wouldberespondingtohotterconditionswithactiontocooltheenvironment.emitvt.tosendout(esp.heat,light,smell,sound,etc.)散發(fā)，發(fā)射reflective※adj.capableofreflectinglight,animage,soundwaves,etc.反射的，反映的TranslationMenu第26頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)［14］Inthe22yearssinceLovelockpropoundedit,theGaiaHypothesishasattractedanoddassortment*ofenthusiasts.SomeindustrialistslikeGaiabecauseitseemstosuggestthatMotherEarthcouldsurviveevenvastamountsofindustrialpollution.assortmentn.agrouporquantityofmixedthingsorofvariousexamplesofthesametypeofthing;mixture;acollectionofassortedthingsorpeople各種各類(lèi)（人或物）的聚合；什錦；雜拌Menu第27頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Lovelockwouldagree,buthewouldaddthatthesurvivalmightincludereplacementofhumansbymorepollutionresistantspecies.ManyactivistsinEurope‘senvironmentalist“Green”partieshaveembracedtheirownnotionsofGaia.ButLovelockhascriticizedenvironmentalpoliticsasa“l(fā)ushpasturefordemagogues*".demagoguen.(derog)aleaderwhotriestogain,orhasgained,powerbyexcitingpopularfeelingsratherthanbyreasonedargument煽動(dòng)者，蠱惑民心的政客TranslationMenu第28頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)［15］GaiawashereticaltomanyscientistsbecauseitseemedtosuggestthatlifeonEarthconsciouslycontrolleditsenvironment.ButLovelockbelievesthatMotherNatureactsinaccordwithDarwinianevolution,withnoconsciousplanorintelligence.It‘sjustthat,with30millionspeciesintheworld,lifehasenormousresilience*.resilience△n.anabilitytorecoverquicklyfromoradjusteasilytomisfortune,change,ordisturbance恢復(fù)力，復(fù)原力；韌性MenuTranslation第29頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)［16］“WhetheryouagreewithGaiaornot,it‘sabrilliantorganizingprinciple,”saysStephenSchneider,aclimatologistwiththeU.S.NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch.“Itbringstogetherscientistswhonormallydon’ttalktooneanother,suchasbiologists,geochemistsandatmosphericscientists,toaskprofoundquestionsabouthowlivingthingsandtheplanetinteract*."interact※vi.actoneachother相互作用，互相影響TranslationMenu第30頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)［17］OnecriticoftheGaiaHypothesis,BritishbiologistRichardDawkins,hasarguedthatEarthcannotberegardedasagiantlivingorganism,because,amongotherthings,itdoesn'treproduce.Lovelock'slaterworkhassuggestedanintriguinganswertothischallenge.MenuTranslation第31頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)［18］RecentresearchshowsthatMarsreceivesjustenoughsunshinetosustainlife.Lovelockandacollaborator*,sciencejournalistMichaelAllaby,haveproposedaboldfuturisticscheme:unleashing*thepowerofGaiatobringlifetoMars.collaborate△vi.toworktogether,esp.inajointintellectualeffort協(xié)作，合作unleashvt.tosetfreefromcontrol;release釋放Menu第32頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Towarmtheplanetandgetwaterflowingagain,theysuggestfloodingtheMartianatmospherewithchlorofluorocarbon*gasesthatwouldbeginagreenhouseeffect.

Thentoughmicroorganisms*fromthedryvalleysofAntarcticawouldbeimplanted*.chlorofluorocarbonn.含氯碳氟化合物（簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)CFC）microorganismn.alivingcreaturetoosmalltobeseenwithoutamicroscope微生物implantvt.tofixorsetsecurelyordeeply種植；插入；嵌入Menu第33頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Byphotosynthesis*thewee*creatureswouldbeginturningcarbondioxideandwaterintooxygen.Unimpeded*bypredators*orcompetitors,theycouldquicklyreproduceandcoverthesurfaceoftheplanet.Humancoloniescouldfollow.photosynthesisn.theproductionofspecialsugar-basedsubstancesthatkeepplantsalive,causedbytheactionofsunlightonthegreenmatterinleaves;thewaygreenplantsmaketheirownfood光合作用；光能合成weeadj.verysmall極小的unimpededadj.freefromanythingthatimpedesorhampers不受阻礙的TranslationMenu第34頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)［19］Earthwouldthushaveitsfirstoffspring,seededbyspaceship.MenuTranslation第35頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Exercise

Ⅰ.Comprehension

Ⅱ.Vocabulary

Ⅲ.Close

Ⅳ.Translation(EnglishtoChinese)Ⅴ.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish)

Ⅵ.WritingMenu第36頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅰ.ComprehensionAnswerthefollowingquestionsorcompletethefollowingstatementsbychoosingthebestalternativeA,B,CorDundereach.Youareallowed2minutes30secondsforthispart.1.WhatdistinguishesJamesLovelockfrommostotherscientistsofourtimeis______.hisapparentlyhumbleresidencehismodernlaboratoryhisindependenceandwideinterestshisspecialtyinoneparticularfieldMenuAnswers第37頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅰ.Comprehension2.LovelockstudiedthechemistryofMarsand______.discoveredagravestonetheredetectednosignsoflifetheresolvedthe"GoldilocksProblem“yetdidnotfindmanychemicalchangesAnswersMenu第38頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅰ.Comprehension3.WhenlifefirstappearedonEarthabout3.8billionyearsago,______.theSundidnotshinewithasmuchlightandheatasitdoestodaytheEarthwasnotsohotasitistodayscientistsbegantobepuzzledbythe"GoldilocksProblem“MarsandVenusalsoshowedsignsoflifeMenuAnswers第39頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅰ.Comprehension4.TheGaiaHypothesis,accordingtotheauthor,______.hasbynowbeenacceptedbymostscientistsisinfactnotasrevolutionaryasitappearstobeischangingthewayscientiststhinkaboutlifeonourplanetistoofar-fetchedtobetrueAnswersMenu第40頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅰ.Comprehension5.AccordingtotheGaiaHypothesis,Earthisjustrightforlifebecause______.itisluckyenoughtobeatpreciselytherightdistancefromtheSunithasalotofgoldilocksstabilityismaintainedasaresultoflackofchemicalchangesthereisapowerful,selfregulatingsystematworkonitMenuAnswers第41頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅰ.Comprehension6.Lovelockadvisesscientiststo______.regardEarthasagiantlivingorganismbelievethatlivingthingsarevictimsoftheirenvironmentbedoctorsaswelltreatourplanetasapatientAnswersMenu第42頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅰ.Comprehension7.Accordingtothepassage,itisnottruethat_____.carbondioxidemakesuponly0.03%oftheairaroundusVenusissimilartoEarthinsizeandchemistrythegreatertheamountofcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,thestrongerthegreenhouseeffectcarbondioxidecomprises98%ofVenus’atmosphereMenuAnswers第43頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅰ.Comprehension8.Accordingtotheauthor,ofthepeoplementionedinthepassage,Lovelockseeseyetoeyewith_____.A.someindustrialists B.StephenSchneiderC.RichardDawkins D.noneoftheaboveAnswersMenu第44頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅰ.Comprehension9.Lovelockseemstoholdthat_____.allspeciesintheworldcanliveforeverlifeonEarthconsciouslycontrolsitsenvironmentlivingthingsarenotpassivevictimsoftheirenvironmentbutcanalterithumanbeingswillbereplacedbymorepollution-resistantspeciesMenuAnswers第45頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅰ.Comprehension10.TheboldfuturisticschemeproposedbyLovelockandMichaelAllaby,accordingtotheauthor,_____.A.hasbeenputintopracticeB.canbenothingbutwishfulthinkingC.willsurelybringlifetoMarsD.wouldenableEarthtoreproduceifcarriedoutAnswersMenu第46頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅱ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.1.Thenativeswereintriguedbythecolorofourskin.A.amused B.threatenedC.worried D.fascinated2.SheeagerlyembracedtheofferofabusinesstriptoEurope.A.accepted B.huggedC.received D.expressedMenuAnswers第47頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅱ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.3.Thegovernmentwasatalosswhattodowiththerunawayinflation.A.outoftheordinary B.out-of-controlC.running-up D.highenough4.Inyourdiscussion,youhavepropoundedseveralquestions;letusconsidereachoneseparately.A.discussed B.arguedaboutC.putforward D.dealtwithAnswersMenu第48頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅱ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.5.Smallseashellhavesometimesbeenusedasaprimitivekindofmoney.A.primordial B.importantC.chaotic D.simple6.Thefloristhasagoodassortmentofflowersforhiscustomerstochoosefrom.A.classification B.divisionC.display D.collectionMenuAnswers第49頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅱ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.7.Itisnowunlawfulforfactoriestoemitblacksmokeintotheair.A.launch B.dischargeC.pass D.dismiss8.Theunjustpeaceagreementsetthesceneforanotherwar.A.setoff B.resultedinC.madereadyfor D.startedwithAnswersMenu第50頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅱ.VocabularyA.IdentifyoneofthefourchoicesA,B,C,orDwhichwouldkeepthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordorphrase.9.ThecountriesoftheThirdWorldnowclaim,ofteninconcert,thattheirnaturalresourcesaretheirown,tobedevelopedandusedastheywish.A.inagreement B.inconflictC.oneafteranother D.ataperformance10.YoucanalwaysdependonMr.Smithtocomeupwithsomepracticalsuggestionstoimproveourwork.A.runinto B.comebyC.thinkof D.putforwardwithMenuAnswers第51頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅱ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.11.Sailingboatsare_____inthisageoffasttravel.A.acharacterism B.ananachronismC.astimulism D.aheroism12.Whodoeshethinkheis,aboutasifheownstheplace?A.strutting B.talkingC.looking D.wanderingAnswersMenu第52頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅱ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.13.Hemadea_____speechthatcausedagreatdealofargument.A.successful B.touchingC.provocative D.hostile14.Thesetwochemicals_____witheachotheratacertaintemperaturetoproduceasubstancewhichcouldcauseanexplosion.A.interact B.disagreeC.react D.expelMenuAnswers第53頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅱ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.15.Hewasaccusedofbeinga(n)_____becausehemadepromiseswhicharousedfutilehopesinhislisteners.A.spokesman B.demagogueC.representative D.politician16.Thepoliceuseddogsto_____thecriminalsintheirhidingplace.A.runafter B.scratchC.sniffout D.reachAnswersMenu第54頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅱ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.17.Edisonis_____withtheinventionofthephonograph.A.credited B.inspiredC.known D.attributed18.Thecompanywelcomes_____frompeoplewhouseitsgoods.A.prejudice B.nuisanceC.feedback D.interruptionMenuAnswers第55頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅱ.VocabularyB.Choosethecorrectanswer.Onlyoneansweriscorrect.19.Wecan______,evenifwecannotproveandestablish.A.makecertain B.ConfirmC.hypothesize D.demonstrate20.Strongerpressureshavebeen______onthenationalcharacter.A.atwork B.AffectingC.inplay D.runningAnswersMenu第56頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅲ.CloseReadthepassagethroughandchooseonesuitablewordorphrasemarkedA,B,CorDforeachblankinthepassage.TheEarthisa1justunder8,000milesindiameter,movinground2atadistanceof93,000,000miles,andcompletingone3in365days.Itisnottheonlyplanet;4othersareknown,allwiththeirownspecialpointsofinterest.A.planet B.fixedstar C.mass D.SiteA.itself B.theMoon C.theSun D.theskyA.path B.circuit C.movement D.turnA.eight B.nine C.seven D.eachMenuAnswers第57頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅲ.CloseMercuryandVenusare5theSunthanweare;Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,andNeptunearefartheraway.Ofcourse,thenearesttous6Mars,whichmayapproachtheEarthtowithin35,000,000miles,andVenus,whichhasaminimum7fromusofonlyabout24,000,000miles.A.nextto B.moreremotefrom C.closerto D.morelikeA.is B.are C.lies D.haveA.length B.diameter C.distance D.durationAnswersMenu第58頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)MarsandVenusarealsotheonlytwoplanetswhichdonotappeartobeoverwhelminglyhostile.8,theyaremuchmoreremotethanour9naturalsatellite,theMoon,whichmovesroundtheEarthatameandistanceoflessthanaquarterofamillionmiles.A.Moreover B.Although C.However D.WhenA.one B.best C.closest D.artificiallyMenuAnswers第59頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)TheSunitselfisa10.Itisbynomeansdistinguished,andmodernastronomersclassitasa"YellowDwarf"；itseemssplendidtousonlybecauseitis11sonear.WeknowofstarswhichareatleastamilliontimesmoreluminousthantheSun,andyetaresofarawaythattelescopesareneededtoseethematall.A.planet B.satellite C.circuit D.starA.evidently B.definitely C.luckily D.relativelyAnswersMenu第60頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Thestarsvisibleatnight-timeareimmenselydistant,12iswhytheyappearonlyastinypointsoflight.Manyofthemmaywellhaveplanet-systemsoftheirown.Allthesame,wemustnotbecontemptuousoftheSun.Itmaynotbeacelestialsearchlight,butneitherisitaglowworm:itisnormalineveryway,andcosmicallyitisfarmoreimportantthanourowninsignificantworld.A.which B.that C.what D.thisMenuAnswers第61頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Itsdiameteris864,000milessothatitcouldcontainmorethanamillionglobesthe13oftheEarth;evenatitssurface,thetemperatureisaround6,000C.(11,000F.),andinthesolar"power-house",deepinside,thetemperaturemustrisetowellovertenmilliondegrees.TheSunisgaseous,andisnotburningintheordinarysenseoftheword,sinceitproducesitsenergybymeansofthermonuclearprocessesnearitscore.A.numberB.quantityC.sizeD.designAnswersMenu第62頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Theessential14betweenastarandaplanetisthatastarisasuninitsownright,whereasaplanetshinesonlybecauseit15theraysofourownparticularSun.Ifwecouldobservefromthesurfaceofanotherworld-Mars,forinstance-theEarthtoowouldappearintheguiseofastarlikeobject,andatelescopewouldbeneededtoshowevenlargefeaturessuchasthePacificOceanandtheEurasianlandmass.A.conflictB.relationC.differenceD.actionA.receivesB.reflectsC.coversD.securesMenuAnswers第63頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅳ.Translation(EnglishtoChinese)Three-quartersofabillionpeoplepeeredatthemurkyimagesontheirtelevisionscreensonJuly20,1969,asNeilArmstrongbecamethefirsthumantostandonanotherworld.ToAmericans,thespirit-liftingachievementwaswellworththecostandeffort.ThequesttoreachthemoonhadrevitalizedU.S.scienceandtechnologyandyieldedcountlessbenefitstoindustryandthemilitary.Mostamazingofall,theEaglelandedonlyeightyearsafterJohnF.Kennedyproclaimedthemoonshotanationalpriority.AnswersMenu第64頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅴ.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish)1.誰(shuí)都不會(huì)相信七旬老人能跳上行進(jìn)中的火車(chē)(becreditedwith)2.他馬上高興地接受了我雇用他的建議。(embrace)3.他奇妙的性格引起許多傳記作者的興趣。(intrigue)4.多年來(lái)瓊斯不斷提供新良策。(comeupwith)MenuAnswers第65頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅴ.Translation(ChinesetoEnglish)5.大國(guó)之間直接對(duì)抗的局面現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)形成了。(setthescenefor)6.1986年5月美國(guó)航天委員會(huì)在一份報(bào)告書(shū)中建議美國(guó)在2017年之前建設(shè)月球基地，在2027年之前建設(shè)火星基地。于是美國(guó)航空航天局便把建設(shè)月面據(jù)點(diǎn)和火星載人飛行列為未來(lái)的活動(dòng)目標(biāo)，展開(kāi)載人火星飛行的研究。MenuAnswers第66頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅵ.WritingTitle:TheDislikeforOriginal,CreativeMeninOurSocietyTimelimit:30minutesWordlimit:120～150wordsMenuAnswers第67頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)Ⅰ.SupplementaryReadingⅡ.QuestionsSupplementaryReadingMenu第68頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)SupplementaryReading［1］Theviewwasnotmuch.ToeyeswhichhadseenthelandscapesofEarthitwasnotaviewatallsomuchasjustanothersectionoftheregularMartianback-drop.Infrontandtotheleft,smoothwaterspreadlikeasilksheettothehorizon.Amileormoretotherightlayalowembankmentwithyellow-redsandshowingthroughrushliketuftsofskimpybushes.Farinthebackgroundrosethewhitecrownsofpurplemountains.Menu第69頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)SupplementaryReading［2］InthemildwarmthofnoonBertlethisboatcarryhimalong.Behindhim,afanofripplesspreadgentlyandthenlapsedbackintoplacidity.Stillfurtherbacktheimmensesilenceclosedinagain,andnothingremainedtoshowthathehadpassedthatway.Thescenehadscarcelychangedforseveraldaysandseveralhundredmilesofhisquietlychuggingprogress.Menu第70頁(yè)/共172頁(yè)SupplementaryReading［3］ExactlywhathadtakenplaceonEarth,noneofthemknew,noreverwouldknow.HisshiphadbeenfourdaysoutoftheLunarStation,boundforMars,whenithappened.Oneofhismates,a