高等學(xué)校英語二級(jí)B級(jí)考試(共5篇-第2篇)-虛擬語氣詳解

虛擬語氣用法詳解DirectedbyKang

虛擬語氣是一種用來表示假設(shè)、愿望、建議、請(qǐng)求、命令、猜測、可能或空想等的一種語氣?；蜻`背事實(shí)情況的假設(shè)。什么是虛擬語氣？一、虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法if從句的動(dòng)詞形式主句的動(dòng)詞形式與現(xiàn)在相反的假設(shè)過去式(be的過去式一般用were)shouldwouldmight+動(dòng)詞原形could與過去相反的假設(shè)

had+過去分詞shouldwouldmight+have+過去分詞could與將來相反的假設(shè)1、過去式(be一般用were)2、should+動(dòng)詞原形3、wereto+動(dòng)詞原形shouldwouldmight+動(dòng)詞原形could請(qǐng)看下列例句：與現(xiàn)在相反:

IwouldcertainlygoifIhadtime.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgothere.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Ishould/couldringhimup.與將來相反:

Ifitshouldrain,wewouldn’tgoout.Ifheweretogotothemoontomorrow,Iwouldalsofollowhimthere.與過去相反:

Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavesucceeded.IfIhadsetoffalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.Shewould/mighthavecomeifshehadn’tbeensobusy.注①：在虛擬條件從句中，如果有had,should,were時(shí)，在正式或書面語中，可以將if省略，而將以上三個(gè)詞移至主語之前，如：Hadtheytime,theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus.Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?Hadyoubeenmorecareful,youwouldhavepassedtheexam.WereIinyourposition,Iwouldnotgiveup.WereItodoit,Ishouldrelyonyou.注②：有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果與主句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整，這種句子稱為“錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句”，如：Ifithadrainedlastnight,itwouldbeverycoldtoday.(過去---現(xiàn)在)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetothetheatreyesterday.(現(xiàn)在---過去)Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.(過去---現(xiàn)在)注③有時(shí)，假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示出來，而是通過介詞短語、分詞短語、上下文等其他方式表現(xiàn)出來，這種句子稱為“含蓄條件句”，如：Iwasillthatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavetakenpartintheparade.Butforthestorm,weshouldhavearrivedearlier.Meetinganywhereelse,wewouldn’thaverecognizedeachother.Itwouldbeamistakenottohelphim.二、虛擬語氣在其他從句或句型中的用法1、在賓語從句中：①在表示建議、命令、要求、請(qǐng)求等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或“動(dòng)詞原形”。這類動(dòng)詞有：advise,ask,beg,decide,demand,determine,insist,command,order,desire,prefer,plan,request,require,suggest,propose等。例如：Iproposethatwe(should)setadeadlineforhandingintheplans.Isuggestthatwe(should)setoffatonce.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendadelegationtotheircountry.Iinsistedthatwe(should)decidewhattodowithhim.二、虛擬語氣在其他從句或句型中的用法1、在賓語從句中：注意：這類動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句是否要用虛擬語氣，關(guān)鍵取決于這些詞所表示的意思，只有在從句內(nèi)容表現(xiàn)為主句主語主觀上讓某人去做某事這一意向時(shí)，才使用“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”這種虛擬形式。下列句子不表示“主觀意向”，所以不用虛擬語氣：Themaninsistedthathehadneverseenthecamel.Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithwhatyouhaddone.Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshewasill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe(should)haveamedicalexamination.二、虛擬語氣在其他從句或句型中的用法1、在賓語從句中：②在動(dòng)詞wish之后的賓語從句中，也常用虛擬語氣。其動(dòng)詞形式為：（ａ）與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反用過去式；（ｂ）與過去的事實(shí)相反用過去完成式；（ｃ）與將來的事實(shí)可能相反用過去將來式，例如：IwishIknewtheanswer.HowIwishitwasn’training!IwishIwere/wasasstrongasyou.Wewishwehadpaidmoreattentiontoourpronunciation.Shewishesshehadn’tsaidanythingunpleasant.Iwishyouwould/couldcometothepartytomorrowevening.2、在表語從句和同位語從句中：

當(dāng)表示建議、命令、要求、決心等動(dòng)詞的同源名詞作主語，以that引導(dǎo)的從句作表語時(shí)，從句要用虛擬語氣；上述名詞之后的同位語從句也要用虛擬語氣，這時(shí)句子都表示主觀意向。這些名詞有：plan,order,advice,suggestion,demand,request,decision,proposal,以及idea,opinion,motion等。虛擬形式為：(should+)動(dòng)詞原形，例如：Myadviceisthatwe(should)sendforadoctor.Myadviceisthatyou(should)giveupsmoking.Oursuggestionisthatyou(should)befirsttogo.Doyouknowtheorderthatyou(should)keepwatch?Hisonlyrequestisthatyou(should)givehimmoretime.3、在主語從句中：①

It+be+形容詞+that從句

其中表語多為necessary,important,essential,better,best等表示說話人態(tài)度或愿望的形容詞，這時(shí)句子含有建議、命令、要求等主觀意向。虛擬形式為“（should+）動(dòng)詞原形”，如：Itisessentialthathe(should)beherebytheweekend.Itisbestthathe(should)setoffatonce.Itisimportantthateverybody(should)betoldallthefacts.Itwillbebetterthatwemeetsomeothertime.Itisnecessarythathecomewithoutdelay.3、在主語從句中：②

It+be+形容詞或名詞詞組+that從句

其中表語多為strange,surprising,impossible,incredible,natural,right,unfortunate等形容詞或apity,ashame,nowonder,nosurprise等名詞詞組，這時(shí)句子表示驚訝、喜悅、遺憾、惋惜、懷疑、不滿等感情色彩。虛擬形式為“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或“should+have+過去分詞”，如：It’sstrangethatnooneshouldhaveobjectedtotheplan.Itismostunfortunatethatsheshouldhavemadesuchamistake.It’sapitythatheshouldrefusetoaccepttheoffer.It’squitenaturalthatheshouldthinkso.It’ssurprising(that)Petershouldhavewonthefirstplace.3、在主語從句中：③

It+be+過去分詞+that從句

這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞有：suggested,hoped,ordered,demanded,proposed,requested,decided,desired,arranged等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)也表示建議、命令、要求、決心等主觀意向。虛擬形式為“（should+）動(dòng)詞原形”，如：

Itisdemandedthathe(should)leaveatonce.Itisrequestedthatshe(should)giveaperformanceattheparty.ItisrequestedthatProfessorLi(should)giveusaspeech.Itisdesiredthatwe(should)geteverythingreadybytonight.4、在狀語從句中：②在以lest,forfearthat,incase引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中要用虛擬語氣，其形式為：“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，如：I’llkeepaseatforyouincaseyoushouldchangeyourmind.Heranawaylestheshouldbeseen.IputdownhisaddressforfearthatIshouldforgetit.Hetookhisraincoatwithhimlestitshouldrain.4、在狀語從句中：③由asif或asthough引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句，如果與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反，用過去式；與過去的事實(shí)相反，用過去完成式，如：Itseemsasifitwas/werespringagain.Heacts/actedasif/thoughhewas/wereanexpert.Irememberthewholethingasifithappened/wereyesterday.HespoketomeasifIwas/weredeaf.Thetwostrangerstalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.Hetalkedasifhehadlivedthereforyears.Hespeaksasifhehadreallybeenthere.4、在狀語從句中：④由evenif,eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，如果與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖聦?shí)相反，用過去式，（be用were）；與過去的事實(shí)相反，用過去完成式，如：TheTVprogrammefortonightwon’tbeinteresting.Evenifitwere,Imightnothavetimeforit.I’dprefertostayathomewatchingTVorreadingsomething,eventhoughitstoppedsnowing.Iwillcriticizehimevenifhehadwonthegame.Ishouldn’thaveboughttherecorderevenifthepricehadbeenreduced.5、在定語從句中：

在“Itis/was(high)timethat…”結(jié)構(gòu)中，要用虛擬語氣表示將來的狀態(tài)或行為，that從句中或者用“過去式”，或者用“should/oughtto+動(dòng)詞原形”，連詞that可省略不用，如：Itistimethatwewenttobed/school.Itistimethatwehadsupper/theyhaddinner.It’shightimethatwestarted.It’shightimethatIwasoff.Itistimethatweshouldgotobed.It’stimeIoughttoleavenow..6、由ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，要用虛擬語氣，例如：

IfonlyIhadn’tlostit!Ifonlywehadlistenedtotheiradvice!Oh,ifheonlyknewhowwemisshim!Ifonlytheletterhadarrivedintime!IfIcouldonlyseehimonce!7、wouldrather后面的從句中要用虛擬語氣，（連詞that常省略不用）。在wouldrather這一句型中，主句內(nèi)沒有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，這一現(xiàn)象在英語中實(shí)屬鮮見。wouldrather常縮略為“’drather”，尤其是在口語中。這種結(jié)構(gòu)如果表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖聦?shí)相反的愿望，從句的動(dòng)詞用過去式，（be為were）；表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望，從句的動(dòng)詞用had+過去分詞。例如：IcouldgomyselfbutIwouldrather/sooneryouwent.Iwouldratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.IwouldratheryoucameonSunday.Iwouldrathershewerenotthere.Iwouldratherthatyouhadn’ttoldhim.Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow/youhadgonetheretoo.HewouldratherIhaddonetheworkforhim.模擬試卷T7-59、61，T5-58/61歷年考題中的虛擬語氣

1.Ifithadn'tbeenforyourhelp,we___（be）inrealtrouble.2.Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,ifhe___

（notbe）sobusy.3.Itishightimethatwe___（take）firmmeasurestoprotectourenvironment.4.Itwasimperativethatstudents___（finish）theirpapersbeforeJuly1st.wouldhavebeenhadnotbeen

tookshouldfinish

歷年考題中的虛擬語氣5.Theydemandedthattherighttovote___（give）toeveryadultperson.6.Iwouldratherhe____（buy）thehousenextyear.

7.Themanagertoldustobefriendlytothevisitorsasifwe___（meet）thembefore.boughtbegivenhadmet

歷年考題中的虛擬語氣8.Shouldshecometomorrow，I___takehertothemuseum.[A]can

[B]will

[C]would

[D]must9.Ifwe___everythingreadybynow，weshouldbehavingaterribletimetomorrow.[A]hadn'tgot[B]didn'tget[C]wouldn'thavegot[D]wouldn'tgetCA虛擬語氣練習(xí)題1.It'stimethatyou_____homeandI'dratheryou_______againtomorrow.A.wouldgo;wouldcome B.went;cameC.go;arecoming D.aregoing;willcome2.Heinsistedthathe________nohelp.A.wouldneedB.needed C.needD.needs3.Ireallywishsuchanoise________soon.A.hadstoppedB.wouldstop C.stopped D.willstop4.I____youamorevaluablepresentforyourbirthday,butIwasshortofmoneyatthattime.A.muchhavebought B.hadboughtC.wouldhavebought D.wouldbuy5.Ifshecouldsew,she_______herselfashirt.A.hadmadeB.willmake C.wouldhavemadeD.made6._______hecome,theproblemwouldbesettled.A.WouldB.Should C.Shall D.If7.I_______tostaythereforonemoreweek,butIchangedmymind.A.wouldhavehoped B.washopingC.hadhoped D.hoped8.It'snecessarythateachchild_________therules.A.mustobeyB.stillobeyC.obeysD.obey9.Theofficergavetheorderthatsoldiers______togooutatnightA.mustn'tbeallowed B.notbeallowedC.benotallowed D.shouldn'tallow10.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe______toyourplan.A.shouldn'tagree B.wouldn'tagreeC.hadn'tagreed D.didn'tagree11.You______tothemeetingyesterday.Whatwasthereasonforyourabsence?A.hadcome B.cameC.wouldhavecome D.shouldhavecome12.He______thejobwell,buthe_________socareless.A.hadn'tdone;hadbeen B.couldhavedone;wasC.coulddo;wasD.haddone;hadbeen13.Therewasplentyoftime,she_______havehurried.A.wouldn'tB.needn'tC.couldn'tD.mustn't14.Hedidn'tcomeyesterday,oryou________him.A.hadseen B.mighthaveseenC.weretosee D.wouldsee15.LiNingactedthatwayasthoughhe_________aforeigner.A.wereB.