高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件：必修3 Unit 4

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars必修3考點(diǎn)要求Ⅰ.寫(xiě)出下列必考單詞1.大氣層n._____________2.乘，增加v._____________3．人造衛(wèi)星n._____________4.不同，不像prep._____________5.氣候n._____________6.地心引力；重力n._____________7.理論n._____________8.碰撞，墜落v._____________9.宇宙飛船n._____________10.拉力，拖，牽引力n.＆v._____________atmospheremultiplysatelliteunlikeclimategravitytheorycrashspaceshippull11.基本的，基礎(chǔ)的adj._____________12.鏈子，鎖鏈n._____________13.天文學(xué)n._____________14.原子n._____________fundamentalchainastronomyatomⅡ.寫(xiě)出下列單詞的變化形式1.系統(tǒng)(n.)_____________；系統(tǒng)的(adj.)_____________2.球體，地球(n.)_____________；全球性的(adj.)_____________3.猛烈的(adj.)_____________；暴力(n.)_____________；猛烈地(adv.)_____________4.生存(v.)_____________；生存(n.)_____________5.物理學(xué)家(n.)_____________；物理(n.)_____________；身體的(adj.)_____________physicalsystemsystematicglobeglobalviolentviolenceviolentlyexistexistencephysicistphysics6.生物學(xué)(n.)_____________；生物學(xué)家(n.)_____________7.宗教（n.）_____________；宗教的（adj.）_____________8.原子（n.）_____________；原子的（adj.）_____________biologybiologistreligionreligiousatomatomic◆活學(xué)活用用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Thetreatmenttheygavehimdidhimmore___________thangood，thoughthedoctorinsisteditwas___________.(harm)2.Air_____________everywhereandits____________makesitpossibleforustoliveon.(exist)3.Heisvery_____________.Forexample，theliftingdevicehemadeisa_____________ofropesandpulleys.(system)4.A_______tourmeanstravelingallaroundthe________.(globe)harmharmlessexistsexistencesystematicsystemglobalglobe5.Theuseof_____________againsttheattackersledtomore__________clashes.(violently)6.Shewasa_____________womanwhowouldn，thurtanant.(gently)violenceviolentgentleⅢ.翻譯下列必背短語(yǔ)1.及時(shí)，終于_______________2.下蛋_______________3.高興,振奮_______________4.產(chǎn)生，分娩_______________5.輪到某人_______________6.爆發(fā)_______________7.阻止_______________8.既然_______________9.以……為起點(diǎn)_______________10.四面八方_______________intimelayeggscheerupgivebirthtoinone，sturnbreakoutprevent...fromnowthatbeginwithinalldirection11.冷卻_______________12.掌握……的技巧/訣竅_______________13.在表面__________________14.密切注視，當(dāng)心_______________cooldowngetthehangofonone，s/thesurfacewatchout◆活學(xué)活用根據(jù)括號(hào)中的解釋?zhuān)眠m當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)完成句子。1.WegottoWashington_____________(sufficientlyearlysoasnottobelate)forthecherryblossoms.2.He_____________(filledwithgladness，hope)atthethoughtofseeinghisgirlfriendagain.3.Whenyou_____________thisnewmachine，itwillhelpyoualot.(knowtheskillof)4._____________!(beonone，sguard;keeplookingoutforpossibletrouble)There，sacarcoming!5.SARS_____________in2002andquiteafewpeoplediedofit.(happensuddenly)intimecheeredupgetthehangofWatchoutbrokeout6.Marx，sideas_____________(produceyoung)communism.7.Yourpromptaction_____________(stoporhindersb./sth.)aseriousaccident.gavebirthtopreventedmultiplyexistpreventpuzzleblockcrashcheerfloatexhaustwatchⅣ.單元重點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞◆活學(xué)活用用上述動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1._____________veryfast，rabbitssoonbecamethelargestfamilyofalltheanimalsinthiswoods.2._____________atthe_____________result，hestoodthere，notknowingwhattodo.MultiplyingPuzzledpuzzling3.Thereisnoneed_____________yourselfclearingup—we，lldoitourselves.4.Doeslife_____________onotherplanets?5.Manyroads_____________aftertoday，sheavysnow，soyou，dbetternotgoout.6.Itwasreportedthataplane_____________soonafterittookoff，causing10deaths.toexhaustexistareblockedcrashedmultiplyexistpreventpuzzleblockcrashcheerfloatexhaustwatchⅤ.重點(diǎn)句型1.Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.(P26)水會(huì)對(duì)于生命的發(fā)展起關(guān)鍵作用，這一點(diǎn)在當(dāng)時(shí)并不明顯。Itis/wasobviousthat...“很明顯……”剖析：Itisadj.that...在本句中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句作真正的主語(yǔ)。it做形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面的真正主語(yǔ)可以由不定式，動(dòng)名詞或從句充當(dāng)。如：Itiseasiertobreakdownfriendshipthantobuildupfriendship.破壞友誼比建立友誼要容易。ItwasamazingthatthechildcouldspeakEnglishsowell.那個(gè)孩子的英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得如此好真是令人驚異?！艋顚W(xué)活用模仿造句。(1)很明顯，我們?cè)谶@里是非常受歡迎的。_____________thatweareverywelcomehere.(2)你現(xiàn)在不方便見(jiàn)我的經(jīng)理。__________________________________(3)對(duì)著灑了的牛奶哭泣是沒(méi)有用的。__________________________________ItisobviousIt，snotconvenientforyoutoseemymanagernow.It，snousecryingoverspiltmilk.2．Thismadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelop.（P26）這就使得生命開(kāi)始進(jìn)化成為可能。it作形式賓語(yǔ)的句型是：主語(yǔ)＋動(dòng)詞＋it＋形容詞/名詞＋不定式/從句或動(dòng)名詞。◆活學(xué)活用模仿造句。（1）這使我難以控制自己。Thismade_____________tocontrolmyself.（2）他認(rèn)為去前線是他的責(zé)任。____________________________________(3)我們規(guī)定，課內(nèi)外都講英語(yǔ)。____________________________________ithardHeconsideredithisdutytogotothefront.WemadeitaruletospeakEnglishinandoutofclass.Ⅵ.語(yǔ)篇領(lǐng)悟根據(jù)課文HowLifebeganontheEarth完成下列短文Attheverybeginning，theearthwasjustacloudof(1)(energy)dust.Thenthedustcombined(2)aballmovingaroundthesun.Afterthat，itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock，(3)(produce)watervapour，carbondioxideandothergases，(4)intheendmadetheearth，satmosphere.Thentheearth(5)down，andwater，oneoftheearth，sspecial(6)，appearedandstayedontheearth，whichmade(7)possibleforlifetobegin(8)(develop).Somesmallplants(9)(grow)inthewaterappearedontheearth，ssurface，(10)(follow)bylandenergeticintoproducingwhichcooledqualitiesittodevelopgrowingfollowedanimals,(11)insects，amphibians，reptilesandthe(12)importantanimalscalleddinosaursuntilfinallydinosaursdisappeared(13)ofasuddenandsomesmallcleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappearedandspreadall(14)theearthandinplaceofdinosaurstheybecame(15)mostimportantanimalsontheplanet—thatis，humanbeings.including/likemostallovertheⅦ.考點(diǎn)活用用本單元所學(xué)詞組、句型翻譯下列短文火星上有生命嗎？不知道。我們能登陸火星嗎？這完全取決于科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展。人類(lèi)對(duì)火星有了一些了解：火星上沒(méi)有氧氣，火星上中午的溫度可能在50度左右,而晚上則在零下100度左右了。這樣我們就不能在那里生活。既然火星與地球完全不同，如果我們計(jì)劃有朝一日去火星的話，我們就要帶上氧氣，食品，衣服和住的地方（shelter）。但可以肯定，人類(lèi)遲早會(huì)登陸火星的。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：IstherelifeonMars？Wedon，tknow.CanwelandonMars？Italldependsonthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.ManhasknownalittleaboutMars.ThereisalmostnooxygenonMars.Itmightbeabout50degreesabovezeroatnoonand100degreesbelowzeroatnight，whichpreventsusfromlivingthere.NowthatMarsarequitedifferentfromourearth，ifwearetogotoMarsoneday，weshouldhavetotakealongourownoxygen，food，clothingandshelter.ButitiscertainthatmanwilllandonMarsintime.自主學(xué)習(xí)1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.(P25)地球猛烈爆炸起火，并噴涌出巖石?！粼~語(yǔ)辨析loud；loudly；aloud（1）loud可用作形容詞、副詞，表“大聲地”，與sing，speak，talk，cry，laugh連用。（2）loudly副詞，大聲地，暗含“喧鬧地”意思，與explode，shout連用。（3）aloud副詞。意為“出聲地”，與read，think連用。如：readaloud(朗讀)，thinkaloud(自言自語(yǔ))◆即學(xué)即練用loud；loudly；aloud填空。（1）Sing_____________，please.（2）Thebombexploded_____________nearthehotel.（3）Thekidsplayingontheplaygroundoftenlaugh____________andlong.louderloudlyloud2.Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen，whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.(P26)他們繁殖起來(lái)就使得早期的海洋充滿了氧氣，這為早期的貝類(lèi)及其各種魚(yú)類(lèi)的發(fā)育進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)造了條件?！粼~語(yǔ)歸納encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做，慫恿某人做urgesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做，慫恿某人做urgeodoingsth.鼓勵(lì)某人做，慫恿某人做◆即學(xué)即練(1）父親總是鼓勵(lì)我學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。_____________________________________（2）老師鼓勵(lì)我報(bào)名參加演講比賽。_____________________________________FatheralwaysencouragedmetolearnEnglishwell.Myteacherurgedmetoenterforthespeaking/speechcompetition.3.Beforeweleft，LiYanpingexplainedtomethattheforceofgravitywouldchangethreetimesonourjourney...(P30)在啟程以前，李彥平向我解釋說(shuō)，在我們的航行中會(huì)有三次引力的改變。注意下列句中force的意思。（1）Weforcedthedooropenandarrestedthetwomurderers.（強(qiáng)迫,強(qiáng)行）（2）Theforceofgravityisreallymysterious.（力量）（3）Whenhewasonlyseventeen，hejoinedtheforcestodefendhiscountry.(軍隊(duì))（4）Asmostmensufferedfromthisstrangedisease，themajorityofthelabourforcesinthisvillagewerewomenandchildren.(勞動(dòng)力)◆詞語(yǔ)歸納forceopen強(qiáng)行打開(kāi)byforce依靠武力forcesb.todosth.迫使……做comeintoforce（法律）實(shí)施forceodoingsth.迫使……做inforce大批的forceone，sway強(qiáng)行前進(jìn)或進(jìn)入forcesth.onsb.把……強(qiáng)加于……◆即學(xué)即練選用上述詞組完成下列小片段。Itwasreportedthattwopeasantworkers(1)____________(被迫)work14hoursadaybutwithlittlemoney.Oneofthemcouldn，tstanditandoneofthem(2)_____________(強(qiáng)行前進(jìn)或進(jìn)入)theboss，shouseandkilledhim.Theother(3)_____________（強(qiáng)迫）abankclerk(4)_____________（hand）inthemoney.答案：(1)wereforcedto(2)forcedhiswayinto(3)forced(4)intohanding4....IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.(P31)我發(fā)現(xiàn)我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍。asfaras后省了Iwascarried,表示“（在飛船上）步子的跨度是在地球上的兩倍?！薄艟湫蜌w納表達(dá)倍數(shù)的句型最常用的有三個(gè)：（1）A+動(dòng)詞+倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+thanBA比B長(zhǎng)/寬/高/重……倍。（2）A+動(dòng)詞+倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)+asBA是B的……倍。（3）A+動(dòng)詞+倍數(shù)+the+相應(yīng)名詞+ofBA是B的……倍。溫馨提示：句型（3）中的相應(yīng)各問(wèn)指長(zhǎng)、寬、高、深、重、大小等形容詞的相應(yīng)名詞。如：long—length，wide—width，high—height，deep—depth，weighty—weight，large—size.例如：I，llpaybacktwicetheamountwhatIborrowfromyou.我將還給你我所借你錢(qián)的兩倍?！艏磳W(xué)即練A.將下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)。(1)地球大概是月亮的四十九倍。___________________________________(2)線段A是線段B的兩倍。___________________________________答案：（1）Theearthisabout49timesbiggerthanthemoon.Theearthisabout49timesasbigasthemoon.Theearthisabout49timesthesizeofthemoon.（2）LineAistwiceaslongasLineB.LineAistwicethelengthofLineB.◆詞語(yǔ)拓展asfaras遠(yuǎn)達(dá)，遠(yuǎn)至aslongas長(zhǎng)達(dá)(還有“只要”的意思)asmanyas多達(dá)astallas高達(dá)asdeepas深達(dá)asheavyas重達(dá)as/sofarasI，mconcerned就我而言as/sofarasIknow據(jù)我所知◆即學(xué)即練B.選用上述詞組完成句子。（1）Johnisthetallestboyintheclass,_____________fivefooteightaccordingtohimself.（2）Aftersuppershewouldsitdownbythefire，sometimesfor_____________anhour，thinkingofheryoungandhappydays.（3）—Howfarapartdotheylive?—_____________，theyliveinthesameneighbourhood.（4）_____________Iknowthemoneyissafe，Ishallnotworryaboutit.（5）_____________，youcandowhateveryoulike.astallasaslongasAsfarasIknowAslongasAsfarasI，mconcerned5.Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceship.(P30)我高興起來(lái)，由于失重，我在太空船艙里飄來(lái)飄去。注意下列句中cheer的意思。（1）Thegoodnewscheeredthefamily.（使高興，歡呼,為……喝彩）（2）Seeyoutomorrow，thencheers.（〈口語(yǔ)〉謝謝，干杯，再見(jiàn)）◆短語(yǔ)歸納cheerup高興起來(lái)，振奮起來(lái)cheersb.up(使）充滿歡喜、希望、鼓舞（1）Let，sgototheplaygroundandcheerforourplayers.咱們?nèi)ゲ賵?chǎng)為我們的隊(duì)員加油吧。（2）Cheerup!Ourtroubleswillsoonbeover!振作起來(lái)！我們的困難很快就會(huì)過(guò)去的。寫(xiě)作步步高如何寫(xiě)好名詞性從句(2)名詞性從句中有一個(gè)問(wèn)題需特別注意:it做形式主語(yǔ)，it做形式賓語(yǔ)。it做形式主語(yǔ)的常用句型:Itis+形容詞+that...Itis+過(guò)去分詞+that...如：Itmatters/doesn，tmatter+that/whether...例：It（形式主語(yǔ)）is（系動(dòng)詞）necessary（表語(yǔ)）thatyouinformhimofthedateofthemeetingatonce（真主語(yǔ)（從句））.It（形式主語(yǔ)）wassaid（謂語(yǔ)）thatheusedtobemanagerofabigcompany（真主語(yǔ)（從句））.It（形式主語(yǔ)）mattersalot（謂語(yǔ)）whetheryoucanraiseenoughmoneyfortheproject（真主語(yǔ)（從句））.it做形式賓語(yǔ)的句型:主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it(形式賓語(yǔ))+形容詞/名詞（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）+從句(真賓語(yǔ))例:We（主語(yǔ)）consider（謂語(yǔ)）it（形式賓語(yǔ)）agreathonour（賓補(bǔ)（名詞））toholdthe2008Olympic