2018年高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)專題對(duì)點(diǎn)真題練：4語(yǔ)法填空題及答案

語(yǔ)法填空

2017年Cloze12017全國(guó)卷I,15分話題：飲食與健康詞數(shù)：196閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界) 1amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside2(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired3(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt4(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.As5result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even6(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood7(be)fulloffatandsalt;by8(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃點(diǎn)心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be9(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,10isnotgoodforthehealth.Cloze22017全國(guó)卷H,15分話題：地下客運(yùn)鐵路詞數(shù)：181閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeople〖STF5〗toavoidterrible1(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand2work.Ittookthreeyearstocompleteandwasbuiltusinganinterestingmethod.Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,3(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover4top.Whenallthosehadbeendone,theroadsurfacewasreplaced.Steamengines5(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeen6(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing7everyday.Later,engineers8(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe9(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.TheCentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost10(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.Ithadwhite-paintedtunnelsandbrightredcarriages,andprovedextremelypopularwiththepublic.Cloze32017全國(guó)卷O,15分話題：上學(xué)的同時(shí)兼職做模特詞數(shù)：196閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirl,fresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtothechallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term1(rest).Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayas2modelinNewYork.Sarah3(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time.ButSarah,4hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants5(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.Sheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher6(educate).Shehasturneddownseveral7(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree8engineeringorarchitecture.Sarahsays,"MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school9(come)first.Idon'twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis10(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.Idon’twanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcan’tmodelanymore."Cloze42017浙江，15分話題：16年前的戒指失而復(fù)得詞數(shù)：181閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall1(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.Butsomethingmadeherlookcloser,andshenoticeda2(shine)object.Yes,therebeneaththeleafytopofonetinycarrotwasherlong-lostweddingring.Pahlssonscreamed3loudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse."ShethoughtIhadhurt4 (I),"saysPahlsson.Sixteenyears5(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring6(cook)ameal.Whenshewantedtoputtheringbackonlater,itwasgone.Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters—thenten,eight,andsix——hadpickeditup,butthegirlssaidtheyhadn't.Pahlssonandherhusband7(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing."Igaveuphopeoffindingmyringagain,"shesays.Sheneverreplacedit.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot8(sweep)intoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden,9itremaineduntilthecarrot'sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生長(zhǎng))throughit.ForPahlsson,itsreturnwas10wonder.2012——2016年Cloze1 2016全國(guó)卷I,15分詞數(shù)：180閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop1(attract).Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.I2(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.Fromtomorrow,IwillbetheirUKambassador.Thetitlewillbe3(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback4mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,_5IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter6(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude7(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby8(it)mother.Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew9(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed,10otheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.Cloze2 2016全國(guó)卷H,15分詞數(shù)：188閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識(shí)別)thoseof1(great)andlessimportance.Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof2(achieve).Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow3(be)oftenacceptable.Mostofusaremorefocused4-ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductive5possiblebeforelunch.Thiswillgiveyoutheconfidenceyouneedtogetyouthroughtheafternoonandgohomefeelingaccomplished.Recent6(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks7(regular).Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor8while,exercising,ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you'llbelesslikely9(bring)yourworkhome.Itcouldbeanything—gardening,cooking,music,sports—butwhateveritis, 10(make)sureit'sarelieffromdailystressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.Cloze3 2016全國(guó)卷m,15分詞數(shù)：178閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。InmuchofAsia,especiallytheso-called"ricebowl"culturesofChina,Japan,Korea,1 Vietnam,foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.Chopsticksareusuallytwolong,thinpiecesofwoodorbamboo.Theycanalsobemadeofplastic,animalboneormetal.Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight2(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal3(create)specialdesigns.TheChinesehaveusedchopsticksforfivethousandyears.Peopleprobablycookedtheirfoodinlargepots,4(use)twigs(樹枝)toremoveit.Overtime,5thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich6(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,7livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthe8(develop)ofchopsticks.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand9(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat10theirhands.Cloze4 2016四川，15分詞數(shù)：186閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thegiantpanda1 (love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.Chinesescientists 2_(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.Shewasavery3(care)mother.For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething4(eat)!Shewouldnotletanyotherpandascomenear.Shelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitclean.Anysmellmightattractnatural5(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.Themotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahumandoes.6itcried,sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingpats.Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda7morethantwoyears.Bythattime,thepandanolongerneeded8(it)motherforfood.However,itstayedwithherandlearnedaboutthewaysoftheforest.Then,aftertwoandahalfyears,themother9(drive)theyoungpandaaway.Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby,10itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.Cloze5 2015新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I,15分詞數(shù):182閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Yangshuo,ChinaItwasraininglightlywhenI1(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn'tcare.Afewhours2,I'dbeenathomeinHongKong,with3(it)chokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.I'dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver4arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese5(painting).Instead,I'dheadedstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it'sonlyanhouraway6carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.Yangshuo_^_(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers8(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit9(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople10(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.Cloze6 2015新課標(biāo)全國(guó)H,15分詞數(shù):176閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theadobedwellings(土坯房)1(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven2mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir3(able)to"aircondition"ahousewithout4(use)electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat5(slow)duringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough6(cool)thehouseduringthehotday:7thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle8(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As9_(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly10thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.Cloze7 2015廣東，15分詞數(shù):187閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空。Mr.Johnsonlivedinthewoodswithhiswifeandchildren.Heowned1farm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.2(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearby3otherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhat 4(leave).Thecowwastheironlymeansofsupport,infact.Oneday,thecowwaseatinggrass5 itbegantorainheavily.Whilemakinggreateffortstorunaway,she 6(fall)overthehillanddied.ThentheJohnsonshadtomakealiving7thecow.Inordertosupporthisfamily,Mr.Johnsonbegantoplantherbsandvegetables.Sincetheplantstookawhiletogrow,hestartedcuttingdowntrees_8_(sell)thewood.Thinkingabouthischildren'sclothes,hestartedgrowingcottontoo.Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket9peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.Nowitoccurredto10thathisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.Cloze8 2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)I,15分 詞數(shù):188閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It1_(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit 2_(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof3mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalcleanup.Buttheriverwasn'tchangedinafewdays4evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork5(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris6(clean)thanever.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit7isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon'tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation,don'tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare8(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe9(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe10(patience).Cloze9 2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)H,15分詞數(shù):195閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout1(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,2someofthemlookedveryanxiousand_3_(disappoint).Whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext4thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Aboyonabike5(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused6(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept7(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally,whenwecametothenextstop,theboyranuptothedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,"8anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?"Awomanonthebusshouted,"Ohdear!It's9(I)."Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtookthesuitcasethankfully.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers10(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.Cloze10 2014廣東，15分 詞數(shù):196閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空。Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid1wasawonderfulholidaydestination.Beforewewent,wehadplannedformonths.Whenthedaycame,wewereready.Afterourplanelanded,wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths2(early),butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.We3(tell)thatourroomshadn'tbeenreservedforthatweek,4fortheweekafter.Ididn'tunderstand5thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeencharged6thereservation.What'sworse,thehotelhadbeenfullybooked.Whenwewerewonderingwhattodo,themanagercameout.Shewas7(surprise)helpful.SheapologizedforthemistakeandgaveusaspareVIProomon8topfloor.Wehadneverstayedinsuchanamazingroom,andweweren'tchargedextra.Thenextday,mybrotherandIwenttothebeach9wewatchedsomepeopleplayvolleyball.Wegotalittle10(sunburn),butthedayhadbeensorelaxingthatwedidn'tmind.Cloze11 2013廣東，15分 詞數(shù):203閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空。Oneday,Nickinvitedhisfriendstosupper.Hewascookingsomedeliciousfoodinthekitchen.Suddenly,he_J (find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.SoNickcalledtohisson,"Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,butpayafairpriceforit:neithertoomuch2toolittle."Hissonlookedsurprised."IcanunderstandwhyIshouldn'tpaytoomuch,Father,butifIcanpayless,3notsaveabitofmoney?""Thatwouldbeavery4(reason)thingtodoinabigcity,butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours,"Nicksaid.Nick'sguests,5hadheardtheirconversation,askedwhytheyshouldnotbuysaltmorecheaplyiftheycould.Nickreplied,"Theonlyreasonamanwouldsellsalt6alowerpricewouldbebecausehewasdesperateformoney.Andanyonewhotookadvantageofthatsituationwouldbeshowingalackofrespect7thesweatandstruggleofthemanwhoworkedveryhardtoproduceit.""Butsuchasmallthingcouldn't8(possible)destroyavillage.""Inthebeginning,therewasonly9verysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld,buteveryoneaddedalittle,always10(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday."Cloze12 2012廣東，15分詞數(shù):213閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空。Marywillneverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,_1(wear)sunglasses.Hewalkedinasifhe2(buy)theschool.AndthewordquicklygotaroundthathewasfromNewYorkCity.ForsomereasonhesatbesideMary.Maryfelt3(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasn'ther,itwasprobablythefactthatshesatin4lastrow.5hethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback,hewaswrong.Itmighthavemadeitalittle6(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround,butthatdidn'tstopthekidsintheclass.Ofcoursewhenevertheyturnedtolookathim,theyhadtolookatMary,7madeherfeellikeastar."Doyouneedthoseglassesformedicalreasons?"theteacherasked.Thenewboyshookhishead."ThenI'dappreciateitifyoudidn'tweartheminclass.IliketolookatyoureyeswhenI'mspeakingtoyou."Thenewboylookedattheteacher8afewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswondered9theboywoulddo.Thenhetook10off,gaveabigsmileandsaid,"That'scool."語(yǔ)法填空答案2017年Cloze本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了一種低脂肪、低鹽的飲食趨勢(shì)及其對(duì)人們健康的影響。.as考查介詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處在句中作狀語(yǔ)，表示"作為一種抵御心臟病的方式”，所以填as，意為"作為"。.effects考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。這種趨勢(shì)產(chǎn)生了一些意想不到的副作用。根據(jù)空前的七ome"及空后的"suchasoverweightandheartdisease"可知，此處指不止一種副作用，故用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式effectso.toprocess考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。berequiredtodosth.為固定用法。.areremoved考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。本文的主體時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，此處亦應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；又fatandsalt是動(dòng)詞remove的承受者，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。所以此處填areremovedo.a考查冠詞。asaresult為固定搭配，意為"結(jié)果"。.worse考查比較級(jí)。短語(yǔ)Evenworse意為"更糟糕的是"，表示意義的遞進(jìn)。故用worse。.is考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。此處是對(duì)客觀情況的描述，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又因主語(yǔ)為Fastfood,故填iso.eating考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞by后踉名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，故填eating。.careful考查形容詞。此處為形容詞作表語(yǔ)，故填?2代的"當(dāng)心的"構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。.which考查關(guān)系代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，空處指代前句的內(nèi)容，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系代詞whichoCloze2本文為說(shuō)明文，介紹了全世界第一個(gè)地下客運(yùn)鐵路在英國(guó)開放及其逐漸發(fā)展成現(xiàn)在的地鐵的過(guò)程。【段意梳理】第一段：介紹了世界上第一個(gè)地下客運(yùn)鐵路的創(chuàng)建以及相關(guān)事宜。第二段：蒸汽機(jī)是地下客運(yùn)鐵路的動(dòng)力機(jī)，盡管它讓乘客感到不舒服，但乘客數(shù)量卻大增。第三段：地下客運(yùn)鐵路發(fā)展成現(xiàn)在的地鐵。.crowds考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。因?yàn)閏rowd為可數(shù)名詞，并且其前沒(méi)有限定詞，所以此處用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。.from考查介詞。此處是指"當(dāng)他們來(lái)回上下班時(shí)"。aying考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句的主語(yǔ)為This,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞included后由and連接了三個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)。故填layingo【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥】該句中的lay不是與前面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞included并列，而是與diggingup和building并列。句式結(jié)構(gòu)的分析是解答該題的關(guān)鍵。.the考查定冠詞。此處指的是在頂端建造一個(gè)結(jié)實(shí)的頂，所以在top前加theo.wereused考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。因?yàn)槭墙榻B1863年的事情，而且Steamengines與use之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填wereused。.fairly考查副詞。副詞修飾形容詞unpleasant,故在其前填fairly。7.it考查代詞。根據(jù)上文的"therailwayquickly"可知，此處用it代替therailwayo【知識(shí)拓展】one指代上文提到的單數(shù)的人或物，指"同一類中的一個(gè)"，表示泛指意義；that指上文出現(xiàn)的名詞，表示同類的東西，既可指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，又可指代不可數(shù)名詞，常有后置定語(yǔ)修飾，表特指；it指上文提到的同一事物，與前面的名詞是同一個(gè)，表特指。8.managed考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)閑ngineers與manage之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情，所以填roduction考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。由前面的定冠詞the可知，其后應(yīng)接名詞，故填introductiono10.successful考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合空前的themost可知，空處表達(dá)最高級(jí)意義。故填successfuloCloze3本文是一篇記敘文，講述了16歲的Sarah在上學(xué)的同時(shí)兼職做模特，并且取得了巨大的成功；雖然她父親希望她當(dāng)全職模特，但是Sarah仍然堅(jiān)持要完成學(xué)業(yè)?！径我馐崂怼康谝欢危褐v述16歲女孩Sarah與同齡孩子不同，在學(xué)習(xí)的同時(shí)兼顧從事模特職業(yè)。第二段：Sarah的父親希望她放棄學(xué)業(yè)，但她堅(jiān)信自己可以做到美麗與智慧并存。第三段：Sarah拒絕了許多演出邀請(qǐng)，專心于學(xué)業(yè)，立志考上大學(xué)。第四段：Sarah談?wù)摬幌敕艞墝W(xué)業(yè)而專職做模特的原因。.resting考查固定搭配。spendtimedoingsth.是固定搭配，故填resting。.a考查冠詞。該空后面model是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，此處表示”作為一名模特”，故填a。.hasbeentold/wastold考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處動(dòng)詞tell與Sarah是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因?yàn)榈诙卧谥v述父親和Sarah的想法時(shí)都是用現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因此可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表達(dá)過(guò)去對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，故可以填hasbeentold。此外，"被告知"這件事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故也可填wastold?！疽族e(cuò)點(diǎn)撥】考生在考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，經(jīng)常會(huì)忽略語(yǔ)態(tài)，如此題容易誤填told。因此，當(dāng)考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候要從句意理解出發(fā)，考慮動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞之間是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)的關(guān)系。.who考查定語(yǔ)從句。此句Sarah是主語(yǔ)，wants是主句謂語(yǔ)，因此可以判斷此處是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為Sarah,從句中缺主語(yǔ)且指人，故填who。.toprove考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。wanttodo是固定搭配，故填tocation考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。形容詞性物主代詞her后需用educate的名詞形式，故填educationo7.invitations考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。invitation是可數(shù)名詞，前面有several修飾，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填invitations。n考查介詞。degree與介詞in搭配，表示在某方面的學(xué)位。故填es考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。全文均為現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且school是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填comes?！疽族e(cuò)點(diǎn)撥】動(dòng)詞如果使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，要注意主語(yǔ)是不是第三人稱單數(shù)。此題容易誤填comeo.certainly考查副詞。此處fun是名詞，但空處修飾整個(gè)句子，作狀語(yǔ)，故填certainlyo【知識(shí)拓展】考查形容詞與副詞時(shí)，除了要考慮詞性相互轉(zhuǎn)換，還要考慮形容詞與副詞的反義詞。比如括號(hào)里給出fortunate一詞，需要改為副詞形式fortunately,同時(shí)還要結(jié)合句意來(lái)判斷，是否要改為unfortunatelyoCloze4本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了16年前的戒指失而復(fù)得的故事。【段意梳理】第一段：LenaPahlsson拔蘿卜時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己丟失了很久的戒指。第二段：Pahlsson看到戒指時(shí)激動(dòng)的尖叫聲引來(lái)了女兒。第三段：16年前Pahlsson的戒指丟失的情節(jié)。第四段：Pahlsson和她的丈夫回想當(dāng)時(shí)戒指丟失的原因。carrots考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)上文的"ahandfulof"可知，此處表示一把小胡蘿卜，所以應(yīng)用carrot的復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.shiny/shining考查形容詞。根據(jù)上文的"a"及下文的名詞"object"可知，此處需要用形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，故填shiny或shining。3.so考查狀語(yǔ)從句。Pahlsson的尖叫聲是如此響亮以至于她的女兒從房子中跑了出來(lái)。此處是so...that…結(jié)構(gòu)，表示"如此……以至于……"o【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥】本題容易誤填such,但要注意such后面接名詞，而so后面則接形容詞或副詞。.myself考查代詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，hurt這一動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者和承受者為同一人，故應(yīng)用I的反身代詞形式，意為"她認(rèn)為我傷了我自己”，故填myselfo.earlier考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。此處表示“16年前"，故填earlier"……之前，先前"。.tocook考查不定式。此處不定式表示"目的"，意為"去掉戒指以做飯"，故填tocooko.searched考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)本段的基本時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)及語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，故填searchedo.swept考查過(guò)去分詞。根據(jù)上文的，got"及語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)填sweep的過(guò)去分詞形式swept,意為"被掃進(jìn)"。.where考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞thegarden,在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填where。.a考查冠詞。此處表示"一個(gè)奇跡"，所以需要用不定代詞a表泛指。2012—2016年Cloze1本文講述了作者的成都之旅及其與大熊貓之間的故事。l.attraction 考查名詞。但對(duì)于像我一樣的游客，熊貓是成都最吸引人的事物。由形容詞性物主代詞its以及形容詞top可知，此處應(yīng)該填動(dòng)詞attract的名詞形式attraction,意為"吸引人之物"。2.wasallowed 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主語(yǔ)I與動(dòng)詞allow之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且前一句的"was"表明此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填wasallowedo3.officially 考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用副詞，所以填officially。.to 考查介詞。gobackto是固定搭配，意為"追溯到"。.when 考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故填關(guān)系副詞wheno.permitted考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，permit與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填過(guò)去分詞permitted作后置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于that/whowasroducing考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。動(dòng)詞include后需星艮動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，所以此空填introducingo【知識(shí)拓展】下列動(dòng)詞后也需用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)：dislike,imagine,delay,practise,finish,avoid等。ts 考查代詞。由語(yǔ)境及后面的名詞mother可知，此空應(yīng)該填it的形容詞性物主代詞its°.days考查名詞的數(shù)。由few修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可知，此空填days°everyfewdays是"每隔幾天”的意思。.the 考查冠詞。one...theother…是固定搭配，意為"一個(gè) 另一個(gè) "。Cloze2本文介紹了緩解工作中的壓力的一些方法。l.greater 考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及下文的"andlessimportance"可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)來(lái)修飾importance,故填greatero2.achievement考查名詞。首先處理最重要的工作以便你能感到一種真實(shí)的成就感。arealsenseofachievement意為"一種真實(shí)的成就感"。3.is 考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句中的主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)"Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow",故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，且全文的基本時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故填is?！局R(shí)拓展】當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞和不定式在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。4.on 考查介詞。我們中的大多數(shù)人在早上會(huì)比我們?cè)谝惶熘械耐硇r(shí)候更加集中于工作。固定短語(yǔ)befocusedon意為"集中于 "。故填on。5.as 考查連詞。因此，早點(diǎn)兒開始并且在午飯前要盡可能高效。固定結(jié)構(gòu)as...aspossible意為"盡可能……"。6.studies 考查名詞的數(shù)。最新的研究表明，如果我們定期短暫休息的話，我們?cè)诠ぷ髦袝?huì)變得高效得多。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為show,為復(fù)數(shù)形式，且study作”研究，調(diào)查”講時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，故主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。故填studieso【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)撥】考查主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，取決于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，所以要認(rèn)真分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，找準(zhǔn)句子的謂語(yǔ)。.regularly 考查副詞。副詞修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞take，故填regularly"定期地"。.a 考查冠詞。固定短語(yǔ)forawhile意為"一會(huì)兒"。.tobring 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。固定短語(yǔ)belikelytodosth.意為"可能做某事"，故填tobring。.make 考查祈使句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，but連接兩個(gè)并列分句。其中第二個(gè)分句中，whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，其后為祈使句充當(dāng)主句。故填make?！疽族e(cuò)點(diǎn)撥】在解答該題時(shí)，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)非常重要。因?yàn)樵摼渲衱hatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，所以其后應(yīng)是主句，而祈使句可充當(dāng)主句，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)則不可以。Cloze3本文介紹了筷子的材質(zhì)、中國(guó)使用筷子的悠久歷史及筷子的文化內(nèi)涵。.and 考查并列連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及語(yǔ)境可知，Vietnam與空前的"China,Japan,Korea"之間是并列關(guān)系，且此處表示"以及，和"，故填并列連詞and。.bemade 考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。此處指真正雅致的筷子可能是由金和銀做成的。根據(jù)make與句子主語(yǔ)Trulyelegantchopsticks之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系及空前的"might"可知，此處應(yīng)填bemade。.tocreate 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。熟練的工人也會(huì)把各種各樣的硬木和金屬組合起來(lái)以創(chuàng)作獨(dú)特的設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。.using 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。use與其邏輯主語(yǔ)People之間是主謂關(guān)系，故此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。.as/when 考查狀語(yǔ)從句。隨著人口的增長(zhǎng)或當(dāng)人口增長(zhǎng)時(shí)，人們開始把食物切成小片。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，表示"隨著"或"當(dāng)……時(shí)"，故填as或when。.gradually 考查副詞。應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞。.who 考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為Confucius，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填who。.development 考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的"the"及空后的"of"可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞development。.were 考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句中的"believed"可知，此處描述的是過(guò)去的情況，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；從句主語(yǔ)為knives,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填were。.with 考查介詞。此處指大部分人用手吃飯，故填with。Cloze4熊貓是全世界的人們都喜歡的動(dòng)物。文章介紹了一只野生大熊貓照顧小熊貓的情況。1.isloved 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句子主語(yǔ)為Thegiantpanda，與love之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示客觀事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?！疽族e(cuò)點(diǎn)撥】此處講述一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，不能誤用時(shí)態(tài)。.recently 考查副詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用副詞作狀語(yǔ)。.caring/careful 考查形容詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。?2血8"關(guān)心他人的";careful"細(xì)致的，周到的"。.toeat 考查不定式。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞something。.enemies 考查名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。.When/If 考查連詞。當(dāng)熊貓寶寶哭泣的時(shí)候/如果熊貓寶寶哭泣,熊貓媽媽會(huì)前后搖晃熊貓寶寶，而且會(huì)輕輕地拍它。語(yǔ)境表明，此處用連詞When或If引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句。.for考查介詞。表示一段時(shí)間用介詞for。ts 考查代詞。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞。.drove 考查時(shí)態(tài)。此處講過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。.and考查連詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處應(yīng)用and連接兩個(gè)并列分句。Cloze5本文介紹了著名旅游景點(diǎn)陽(yáng)朔。l.arrived 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。主句為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，因此when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，且I與arrive為主謂關(guān)系，故本空填arrivedo2.before/earlier 考查副詞。本句為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，描述的是作者來(lái)陽(yáng)朔之前的情況，因此填副詞before/earlier。3.its 考查代詞。這里指香港的污濁空氣，因此填形容詞性物主代詞its"它的"，指香港的。.that/which 考查定語(yǔ)從句?？仗幩钤~引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句修飾先行詞"thelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver",且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，因此本空填關(guān)系代詞that/which。.paintings 考查名詞。由前面的"somany"可知，本空應(yīng)填名詞復(fù)數(shù)paintingso.by考查介詞。bycar（乘汽車）為固定搭配。7.is 考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。本句描述陽(yáng)朔景色之美，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，故用iso.conducted 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾'Astudyoftravelers",表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系和動(dòng)作已完成。.regularly考查副詞。本空所填詞修飾動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用副詞regularly。lO.living考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。live與people之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系和長(zhǎng)期的特征。Cloze6本文重點(diǎn)介紹了美國(guó)Pueblo印第安人所建土坯房獨(dú)特的調(diào)節(jié)室溫的特點(diǎn)。.built 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句主語(yǔ)是Theadobedwellings,謂語(yǔ)是areadmired,因此空白處不需要謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的、已完成的動(dòng)作。.the考查冠詞。形容詞最高級(jí)前常用定冠詞theo.ability 考查名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處所填詞在句中作表語(yǔ)，且空前有their,故填名詞ability。.using 考查動(dòng)名詞。介詞without之后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。5.slowly 考查副詞。此處修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)giveout,應(yīng)用副詞。.tocool考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！璭noughtodosth.表示”……得足以……”，不定式短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。.at考查介詞。atthesametime表示"同時(shí)"，是固定搭配。.goes 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，這里應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示現(xiàn)狀。主語(yǔ)為Thiscycle,與go為主謂關(guān)系，故填goeso.natural 考查形容詞。修飾名詞應(yīng)用形容詞。.how 考查賓語(yǔ)從句。how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，并修飾形容詞thick,表示程度。Cloze7本文講述了一個(gè)小故事。Johnson先生和家人住在樹林中，他有一個(gè)看著幾乎荒蕪的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，幸好他有一頭奶牛?？墒怯幸惶炫Ｋ懒耍膛５乃罆?huì)給Johnson一家?guī)?lái)什么變化呢？l.a 考查冠詞。farm在文中是第一次出現(xiàn)，而且此處表示泛指，所以用不定冠詞a。.Luckily考查副詞。修飾整個(gè)句子應(yīng)用副詞形式，故填Luckily。.for考查介詞。exchangeAforB是固定搭配，故填介詞for。.wasleft 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。主語(yǔ)與leave是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。.when 考查連詞。有一天，牛正在吃草，這時(shí)突然天開始下大雨。bedoing...when"正在……這時(shí)（突然）……”，為固定句型。.fell 考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處填fell,與后面的died作并列謂語(yǔ)。.without 考查介詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知這里是指"沒(méi)有了那頭牛"，故填withouto