初三英語短文填空

初三英語短文填空（五）短文填空題的命題特點短文填空是陜西省、重慶市、武漢市、黃岡市、福州市等省、市近兩年才創(chuàng)設(shè)的一種新題型。這種題型通常有四種形式：1、給出一篇難易適中的短文，中間去掉幾個單詞，讓考生根據(jù)上下文填上所缺的單詞。2、給出一篇難易適中的短文，中間去掉幾個單詞，但給出這些單詞的第一個字母，讓考生根據(jù)短文的上下文的意思和所給的提示字母，天上所缺的單詞。3、給出一篇難易適中的短文，中間去掉幾個單詞，同時在一個方框內(nèi)給出一些單詞，讓考生根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容，把這些單詞填入空白處，使文章正確、通順。4、給出一篇難易適中的短文，中間去掉幾個單詞或短語，同時給出這些單詞或短語的漢語意思，讓考生根據(jù)短文的上下文和所給漢語的提示，填上適當(dāng)?shù)貑卧~或短語。陜西省的短文填空題采用的基本上是第四種形式。這種題型考查的是考生的整體閱讀能力、基礎(chǔ)語法的運用能力和書面表述能力，特別是單詞和短語的拼寫能力。它是介于閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)之間的一種題型。陜西省中考英語題中的短文填空題又有什麼具體特點呢？1、從文體上看，議論文和敘事文為主。2002年陜西省的短文填空題所給的短文是一篇論說文，論說的主題是：只有母親的愛是真正的愛。2003年的中考說明樣題所給的短文是一篇敘事文。講述的是圣誕節(jié)的情況。2003年的中考題中的短文填空題也是一篇敘事文。講述的是主題是因特網(wǎng)的歷史。2、從填空的內(nèi)容上看，以詞組和短語為主。2002年短文填空題共有10個空，其中6個空填的是詞組和短語。2003年中考說明中短文填空題共有10個空，其中7個空填的是詞組和短語。2003年中考題中的短文填空題共有10個空，其中5個空填的是詞組和短語。也就是說短文填空題要填的詞組和短語總體上保持在5-7個。3、從考查的范圍上看，以英語的一些特殊用法為主。2002年的短文填空題考到了enough作副詞，放在被修飾詞之后的用法，考到了“with+名詞”構(gòu)成的介詞短語的用法。2003年終考說明中的短文填空題又一次出現(xiàn)了“with+名詞”構(gòu)成的介詞短語用法。2003年中考題的短文填空題考查了somethingwrong這樣的形容詞后置的特殊用法。4、從所留的空白上看，以給出漢語提示為主。2003年中考說明的短文填空題共留出10個空白，其中8處給出了漢語提示，2處沒有任何提示。2003年中考的短文填空題同樣是10個空白，全部給出了漢語提示。二、短文填空題的解題技巧做好短文填空題要求考生具備堅實的語法基礎(chǔ)，理解文章大意和主旨的能力，牢固掌握英語的習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配，熟記英語單詞的拼寫。做短文填空可以從以下幾個方面著手：1、從語法方面考慮短文填空題所涉及的語法內(nèi)容通常包括：名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、形容詞和副詞的比較等級、主謂一致、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)、介詞和連詞的選用等。例如2003年中考的短文填空題的第一個空：“Mostofus_1（忙于［talkingaboutandusingtheInterneteveryday...."在這里，用英語表示“忙于"不僅要用busy,busy之前還要加be,而be還要和主語mostofus保持一致，變成are。2、從習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配方面考慮如上所說，陜西省的短文填空以詞組和短語為主，而詞組和短語必然會涉及到很多習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配。例如2003年中考說明短文填空的第8個空：“_8（在圣誕夜）childrenareveryhappy.”用英語表示“在圣誕夜"必須用OnChristmasEve。因為在“某一天的晚上"習(xí)慣上用介詞on。3、從上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)方面考慮有的空白必須根據(jù)上下文的結(jié)構(gòu)才能判斷應(yīng)該填什麼樣的單詞或短語。例如2003年考試說明短文填空的第9個空:Theyputtheirstockingattheendoftheirbeds9theirparentscanputpresentsinthem.從上下文文我們可以看出，他們把他們的長筒襪放在床頭上是為了讓他們的父母親能夠把禮物放在里面。以此判斷，后面的句子應(yīng)是一個目的狀語從句。因此，應(yīng)填sothat。三、短文填空題的實例分析（2003，陜西?。￢.短文填空：（共10空，計10分。單詞拼寫錯誤不給分，短語中單詞大小寫、拼寫錯誤扣0.5分）根據(jù)上下文和括號里的漢語提示，在下面短文的空白處寫出正確的單詞或詞組。使短文意思完整，語句連貫。MostofusK忙于）talkingaboutandusingtheInterneteveryday,buthowmanyofusknowthe2-（歷史）oftheInternet?Manypeopleare3_（驚訝）whentheyfindthattheInternetwassetupinthe1960s.4（那時），computerswerelargeand5（貴的）.Computernetworksdidn'twork6（好）.Iftherewas7（出故障）withonecomputerinthenetwork,thewholenetworkstopped,soanetworksystemhadtobesetup.Itshouldbegoodenoughtobeusedbymany8_（不同的）kindsofcomputers.If9（任何部分）ofthenetworkwasnotworking,informationcouldbesentthroughanotherpart.10（用這種方法）,computernetworksystemwouldkeeponworkingallthetime..arebusy。漢語提示應(yīng)填“忙于”，根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)判斷，所填的詞或短語在句中作謂語，英語應(yīng)為bebusy。句子的主語是mostofus,謂語應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Bebusy應(yīng)變?yōu)閍rebusy。history。漢語提示為“歷史”，在定冠詞之后應(yīng)為名詞。surprised。漢語提示為“驚訝”，在句中作表語，句子的主語是人，人感到驚訝，應(yīng)用過去分詞surprised。Atthattime。漢語提示為“那時”，其真正意思是“在那個時候”，又因為這個短語在句首，第一個字母應(yīng)大寫，相應(yīng)的英語短語應(yīng)是Atthattime。expensive/dear。漢語提示為“貴的”。因為在句中作表語，應(yīng)用形容詞expensive/dear。well。漢語提示為“好”，在句中作狀語，因此用well表示。somethingwrong。漢語提示為“出故障"，英語表示“某個東西出了故障”常常用Therewassomethingwrongwithsth.這個句型。differento漢語提示為“不同的”，其形容詞形式是differentoanypart。漢語提示為“任何部分”，相應(yīng)的英語表達(dá)應(yīng)是anypart。Inthisway。漢語提示為“用這種方法”，又因為這個短語在句首，第一個字母大寫。所以其英語表達(dá)應(yīng)是Inthisway。能級演練1MostofAmericanbusinessesareopenfivedaysaweek.Americanschoolchildrenattendschoolfivedaysaweekaswell.Americanfamiliesusuallyhavea1（兩天）weekend.TheweekendisSaturdayandSunday.Overtheweekendpeoplespendtheirtime2（以許多不同的方式）.Manyfamiliesenjoyweekends3（一起）.Theymaygoshopping,goforadriveorvisitfriends.Theymayalsoinvitefriendsoverand4（聚會）athome.ManyAmericanfamiliesparticipate（參加口）insportsduringtheweekend.5（跑步）,biking,playingvolleyballandswimming6（流行）insummer.Skiingandskatingarethe7（最喜愛的）wintersports.WeekendsarealsoatimeforAmericanfamiliestoworkonsomethingintheiryardsorin8（他們的）houses.Manyfamiliesplantflowersandhavevegetablegardens.Somefamiliesusetheweekends9（粉刷）orrepairtheirhouses.10（對大部分美國人來說）,weekendsareverybusy.1.two-day2.inmanydifferentways3.together4.haveaparty5.Running6.arepopular7.favourite8.their9.topaint10.FormostAmericans2Perhapsmorethananyotherpeople,Americanshavecometodependontheircars.Thefamilycar1（一直是）acommonthing2（從以來）theearlytwentiethcentury,andithaschangedAmericanlife.Manypeoplehavemoved3（外面）ofthelargecitiestothesuburbs.SomeAmericansspend4（每天兩小時）ormoreintheircars5（去上班）andhomeagain.Carshavebecomethe6（工具）oftransportationformostAmericansgoingshopping,andevengoingonvacations.Americans7（過去常常）likebigcars,andgasolineusedtobeveryinexpensive.Recently,8（然而），thecostofgasolinehasincreased,smallercarshavebecome（更常見）.Alsoforeigncarshavebecomeverycommon.Americanshavebought（大量的）JapaneseandGermancars.Theyhaveboughtcarsfromseveralothercountriesaswell.1.hasbeen2.since3.outside4.twohoursaday5.goingtowork6.means7.usedto8.however9.morecommon10.largenumbersof3InAmericanhighschool1（大多數(shù)）studentstakeEnglish,science,mathandhistory.2（在英語課堂上），thestudentsstudygrammarandreadfamousliterature.Inscienceclass,theystudybiology,chemistryorphysics.Historyis3（更有趣）tosomestudentsbecausetheylearnaboutimportanteventsandplaces4（在美國）.Studentstake5（其它）courses,too.Theseareelectives.Somestudy6（音樂）becausetheyfeelitismoreenjoyable.Somestudy7（計算機(jī)科學(xué)）becausethey8_（認(rèn)為）itismorepractical.9（在各自課堂上），teachersgivestudentsexams.Someexamsaremoredifficultthanothers,butagoodstudentcanalwaysdo10（好）.1.most2.InEheUnitedSputerscience8.think9.Ineachclass10.well4OnekindofvacationthatmanyAmericansenjoyiscamping.Eachsummer1（數(shù)百萬的）Americansdrivetothecountrysidewheretheyfindplaces2（野營）.Thenationalparks,manyofwhichare3（在山里），arefavouritecampingplaces.Campersenjoythe4（新鮮空氣），thelakesandtheforestswhichtheyfindintheseparks.Campershike,swimandfish.Theycanalsofind5（許多種）animalsandplantsintheparks.Mostlycampershavetrailerswhichtheydriveorpullbehindtheircarstotheircampsites.Trailersarelikehouses6（在輪子上）.Theyhavemanyconvenienceswhichpeoplehaveintheirhomes,7（例如）electricityandhotwater.But8（大多數(shù)）campersdon'thavetrailers.Theycampintentswhichthey_9（搭起）intheircampsites.Campersintentsdon'thavetheconveniencesthatcampersintrailershave.Tentcampersenjoy10（—種簡單的生活）.1.hemountains4.freshair5.manykindsof6.onwheels7.suchas8.most9.setup10.averysimplelife5FarmLifeintheUnitedStatesAllbigcitiesarequitesimilar.LivinginamodernAsiancityisnotvery1（不同於）livinginanAmericancity.Thesamecannotbesaidaboutliving2（在農(nóng)場上）,however.Inmanypartsoftheworld,farmersandtheirfamilieslive_3_（在村莊和城鎮(zhèn)里）.IntheUnitedStates,however,eachfarmfamilylivesonitsownfields,oftenbeyondthesightofanyneighbors.4（不用）travelingfromavillagetothefieldseverymorning,Americanfarmersstay5（在他們的土地上）throughouttheweek.Theytraveltothenearesttown6（在星期六）forshoppingoronSundaysforchurch.Thechildrenrideonbusestolargeschoolswhichserve7（所有的農(nóng)場家庭）livinginthearea.Insomeareas,therearesmallschoolsservingafewfarmfamilies,andthechildrenwalktoschool.8（當(dāng)然）lifekeepschangingforeveryone,includingfarmers.Todaytherearecars,goodroads,radios,andtelevisionsets.Andofcoursetherearemodernmachinesforfarming.Allofthesehavechangedfarmlife.Formanyyears,however,farminginAmericawasoftenalonelywayofliving.Farmers9（不得不）dealwiththeirownproblems,insteadofgettinghelpfromothers.They10（學(xué)會）totrynewmethods,andtotrusttheirownideasinsteadoffollowingolderways.1.differentfrom2.onfarms3.invillagesortowns4.Insteadof5.ontheirland6.onSaturdays7.allofthefarmfamilies8.Ofcourse9.hadto10.learned6HewasborninAtlanta,Georgia,onJanuary15,1929.Hewasblack.Helived1（僅僅）thirty-nineyears,buthebecameworld-famousinthatshorttime.He2（長大）inthesoutheasternpartoftheUnitedStates.HestudiedatMorehouseCollegewherehemetmanyoutstandingmenwhoseideashefoundimportantandexciting.TherehereadthewritingsofThoreau,whichgavehimmanyideas3（關(guān)于自由）.AfterhegraduatedfromMorehouse,he4（接著）tostudyattheUniversityofPennsylvania,HarvardUniversity,andBostonUniversity.AtBostonUniversity,hemethiswife,Coretta.5（1954）,afterhegothisPh.D.degree,hebecametheministerofasmallchurch6（南方的）.Therehebecametheleaderoftheblackpeople,whowerepoorandwithoutpower.Hegavespeechesandledmarches.Forhisideasandactions,hewenttojail7（一段時間）.8（許多年以后）,inWashington,D.C.,hespoketoacrowdof250,000people.Hetoldthem,“Ihaveadream.”Thatspeechisstill9（著名）.In1964hewontheNobelPeacePrize.Hisworkwasnot10（結(jié)束）whenhediedonApril4,1968.Whowashe?HewasMartinLutherKing.1.only2.grewup3.aboutfreedom4.wenton5.Ihesouth7.forashorttime8.Manyyearslater9.famous10.finished7DearMr.Costa,I'msorryithastakenmesolongtowrite.I'vebeenverybusywithworkandschool,butI've1（想起）youoften.How'veyoubeenlately?DidyouhaveagoodChristmasandNewYear's?Macsaysyou'vebeenworkinghardattherestaurantandthatbusinessisverygood.What2_（別的）haveyoubeendoing?Ihadashortbutgoodvacation.MacandIwenttoChicagofor_3（幾天）beforeChristmas,butI4（不得不）comebackandworkbetweenChristmasandNewYear's（includingChristmasDayandNewYear'sEve）!5（每次）somethinglikethat6（發(fā)生）Iwonder訐Ireallywanttoworkinthehotelbusiness.TheotherdayIwasthinkingaboutthefunweusedtohave7（在我們英語課堂上）.Ihaven'tseenmanyofourclassmatessincethecoursewasover.8（事實上）,theonlyoneIseeveryoftenisTomiko.I'dreallyliketogetintouchwithFranco.Doeshe9（曾經(jīng)）writetoyou?Ifso,couldyoupleasesendmehisaddress?Well,MacandIaregoingskatingandhe10（在等我），soIguessI'dbettersaygoodbyenow.Writeassoonasyoucan.Love,

Maria1.thoughtabout2.else3.afewdays4.hadto5.Everytime6.happens7.inourEnglishclass8.Infact9.ever10.iswaitingforme8TheweatherinBritainchangesveryquickly.Onedaymaybefineand1（第二天）maybewet.Themorningmaybewarmandtheeveningmaybecool.Youmay2（上床睡覺）withthestarsshinningbrightly,and3（醒來）withrainfallingheavily.Thisiswhatwemeanwhenwesaythattheweatherisvery“changeable”.Insomepartsoftheworldyoucanbequite4（確信）whattheweatherisgoingtobelike.Youcanmakeyourplansforthenextdayorevenforthenextweek,knowingexactlywhatsortofweathertoexpect.Itis5（困難得多）todothisinBritain.Itmaybefinetodayandyoumayarrange（安排）togotothecountrysidetomorrow.Butwhentomorrow6（至U來）youmayfindthatyouhavetogiveitupbecauseitistoowet.Makingplansforactivities（活動）outofdoorsinBritainisthereforeratherdifficult.People7（談?wù)摚﹖heweathermoreinBritainthaninmostpartsoftheworld.WhentwoEnglishmenareintroducedto8（互相），訐theycan'tthinkanythingelsetotalkabout,theytalkaboutweather.Theweatherisconsideredasafetopicofconversation（談話）.Ifyoudonotknoweachother9（足夠好）totalkaboutpersonalmatters,youcanatleastsoundfriendlybytalkingabouttheweather.Whenpeoplemeetinthestreetandtheyhave10（沒有時間）tostopandtalk,theywilloftensaysomethingabouttheweatherastheypass,es7.talkabout8.eachother9.wellenough10.notime9Somepeoplesaytheyhaveananswertotheproblemsofcarcrowdingandpollution（污染）.Inmanycities,1（數(shù)百人）peopleridebikestowork2（每天）.InNewYorkCity,somebikeridershaveevenfoundedagroup（團(tuán)體）:BikeforaBetterCity.Theysay訐morepeoplerodebikestowork,therewouldbefewercarsand3（較少的）dirtyair.4（許多年來）thisgrouphastriedtogethelpforbikeriders.Theywanttohavespecial（專用的）roadsforbikesonly,becausewhenbikeriders5（必須）usethesameroadsbesidecars,theremaybeaccidents.BikeforaBetterCityfeelsiftherewerebikeroads,morepeoplewouldusebikes.Butnobikeroadshavebeenreadyyet.Not6（每個人）thinksitis乙（好主意）.Driversdon'tlikeit,andsomeshopowners（店主）don't,8（也）.Andmostpeoplelivetoofarfromthecitytotravelbybike.Still,somethinghasbeendoneaboutit.OnSaturdaysandSundays,thelargestopenparkinNewYorkis9（關(guān)閉）tocars,andtheroadsmaybeusedbybikesonly,butthegroup10（仍然）saysthisisnotenoughandgoesonfightingtogetbikeroads.1.hundredsof2.everyday3.less4.Forseveralyears5.must6.everyone7.agoodidea8.either9.closed10.still10TryThisExperimentYourselfItseemstobestrangethatthereisablindspotintheeye.Hereisan（有趣的）experimentthatcanmakesomethingdisappear（消失）whenoneeyeis2（掙開）.MakeacardaboutthesizeofapostcardandwritetwoEnglish3（字母）“L”and“R”onit.“L”is4（在左邊）and“R”ontheright.5（首先），holdthecardabout80cmawayandyoucansee6（兩者）theletters.Thencloseyourrighteyeand7（看）theletter“R”onlywithyourlefteye.Andnow,asyoumovethecardslowlytowardsyou,you'llfindtheletter“L”disappearing.Butifyoumovethecard8（近一些）toyourface,theletterwillbeseenagain.Nowdothesameexperimentwithyourlefteyeclosed,you'llfindtheletter“R”disappearing.Whydothelettersdisappear?Itisbecausethereisablindspot9_（在眼里）.Whentheimage（影像）oftheletter10（落）ontheblindspot,itwon'tbeseen.That'eresting2.open3.letters4.ontheleft5.Fheeye10.falls11Itissummervacationandschoolsareclosed.Duringthesummersomechildrenstay1（在家），watchTV,andplaywithfriends.Sometakepartinasportsprogram,andsomegotoacamp.Acampisasummervacationplaceforchildren.Camperstakepartinsportsactivitieslikeswimmingand2（戈U船）.Theyalsotakepartinotheractivitieslikeplayinggamesandpaintingpictures.3（在晚上）theysitaroundacampfire,cookhotdogs,singsongsortellstories.Somecampscombinespecialprogramswiththeusualcampactivities.Therearecampstoteachtennis,football,orothersports.Therearealsocampstoteachscienceormusic.Nowthereare4（甚至）computercamps.Atacomputercampchildrenlearnhowtousecomputers.Computersareveryimportanttoday,sochildrenmustlearn5（怎樣使用他們）.Manyschoolshavecomputersforthepupilstouse,but6（并非所有的學(xué)生）knowhowtousethem.Someschoolsdonothaveaprogramtoteachthepupilshowtousecomputers.7（因止匕）,computercampscombinecomputerlearningwithsummerfun.Computercampsusuallyhavethreecomputerclassesaday.Afterafewdaysofclasses,eachcamperdesignsacomputerprogram.8（有些）campersdesignprogramstohelpparentsathome.Othersdesignprogramsforpupils9（學(xué)校的）.Somecampersdesigncomputergames.Thecampersmustalsochoosetwocampactivitiesaday.Theycanchooseanactivitylikeswimming,boatingorpainting.10（在他們空閑時間里），thecamperscanchooseanyactivity.They