江蘇省蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市2018屆高三教學情況調(diào)研(一)英語試題(解析版)

江蘇省蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市2018屆高三教學情況調(diào)研（一）英語試題（解析版）回眸一笑萌死人，老師們求求你們看看我吧，輕松一下唄!2018年蘇南一模依據(jù)江蘇2018考試說明，參考現(xiàn)行牛津教材，結合現(xiàn)階段學生復習的實際狀況，從聽、說、讀、寫、看等各個方面全方位地考察學生。根據(jù)最新頒布的普通高中英語課程標準，從語言能力、文化意識、思維品質(zhì)和學習能力等角度來考察學生的應試能力。該試卷秉承了 2017年高考試卷的特點，突出三大主題：科技發(fā)展、教育減負和文化素養(yǎng)，傳遞正能量，提高新素養(yǎng)。本套試題材料情景設置豐富多樣，語篇選擇貼近考生實際，試題設問層次分明，理順了考試與教材的關系。單選、寫作非常接近高考難度，閱讀理解難度略低于高考，形形難度高于高考，任務型易于高考。作文很接地氣，寫的是中國文化的輸出，體現(xiàn)了對中國傳統(tǒng)文化的重視。所以，總體上整套試卷難度與 2017年高考難度基本契合，也就是說，這套試卷能夠很好地、有效地檢測目前階段學生的真實英語水平。第一卷（選擇題共85分）第一部分:聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分 20 分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題紙上。第一節(jié)（共5小題;每小題1分，滿分5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的 A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有 10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftherestaurant？A.Itisnoisy. B.Itisquiet. C.Itisterrible.What’s theprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers？A.Motherandchild. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Husbandandwife.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo？A.Seeherfavoriteband.B.Gototheconcert.C.Doexperimentsinthelab.4.Whatmostprobablycausesthewoma’snheadache？A.Toolittleseep.B.Thestrongsunshine.C.Toomuchmedicine.5.Whatdoesthemanmean？A.Thewomancanusehisglasses.B.Thedictionaryisnotofmuchhelp.C.Hehastouseapairofglasses.第二節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的 A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前 ,你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。Whatdidthecandidatedointheinterview？She showedmuchconfidence.She greetedthe interviewer withnodding.

C.Shemadeeyecontactwiththeinterviewer.7.Whatisthewomandissatisfiedwith？A.Thecandidate’s wayofsitting.B.Thecandidate’s wayofshakinghands.C.Thecandidate’s wayofintroducing herself.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace？A.Inacinema.B.Inrestaurant.C.Inanoffice.9.Whatdidthespeakersjustdo？A.Theyhadaninterview.B.Theymetafunnywoman.C.Theysawamovie.10.Whatdoweknowabouttheman？A.Heisnotinterestedinthemovieactually.B.Heknowswhyhehasn’treceivedreply.C.Heisworriedaboutthechanceofgettingajob.聽第8段材料，回答第didthewomanpersonwastoodialedthewrong11至13題。first11.WhatA.Therude.B.Sherestaurantnumber.thinkwhensomeoneansweredthecall？C.Thewasprofessional.12.Howdidthepersondealwiththewoma’sn reservationA.Hetookamessage.B.Herefusedherimpolitely.C.Heaskedhernottoringagain.13.Whatdidthewomandecidetodofinally？A.Ringanotherrestaurant.B.Callbacktherestaurantlater.Makeacomplaintabouttherestaurant.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。WhydoesthemangotoHongKong？A.Totravel.B.Towork.C.Tostudy.WhatdoesthewomanremindthemantoWhydoesthemangotoHongKong？A.Totravel.B.Towork.C.Tostudy.Whatdoesthewomanremindthemantodo？A.GetB.BuyC.Payattentiontohisclothesatwork.16.WhatcanwelearnfromtheconversationA.Themanmustpayforthelocallanguagelessons.B.Themanhastakensomepassportphotosatalowprice.C.OneweekisenoughforthemantofindaplacetoliveA.GetB.BuyC.Payattentiontohisclothesatwork.16.WhatcanwelearnfromtheconversationA.Themanmustpayforthelocallanguagelessons.B.Themanhastakensomepassportphotosatalowprice.C.Oneweekisenoughforthemantofindaplacetolivein.aworkpermituponhisarrival.guidebooksbeforeleaving.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatwastheoldmandoingneartheriver？17.Whatwastheoldmandoingneartheriver？A.Seekingsomehelp.B.Appreciatingsnowstatue.B.Appreciatingsnowstatue.C.Waitingforhorsemanheknew.C.Waitingforhorsemanheknew.A.Whytheoldmanwasstayingtherealone.B.Whytheoldmanaskedhiminsteadoftheothers.C.Whytheoldmanwaswatchinghorsemenapproaching19.Whatdoweknowabouttheotherriders？18.Whatwastheabout？lastriderpuzzledA.Theywerekindandgentle.B.TheyC.Theygavethepassedbyoldmanaride.withoutstopping.20.WhatdoestheA.Ahorsemanwhopassagemainlytalkabout？livesnearby.B.Riderswhopassedbyonacoldnight.C.Anoldmanwhoknowspeopleprettygood.答案：1-5BCCBC 6-10BABCC11-15BBABC16-20CABCC第二部分：英語知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）第一節(jié)：單項選擇（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）請認真閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的 A、BC、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。Everygreataccomplishmentrestsontheofwhatcamebeforeit;whenyoutraceitback,you'llseeonesmallstepthatstarteditall.A.reputationB.expectationC.recreationD.foundationA.reputationB.expectationC.recreationD.foundation22.Ourcountryhaslaunchedacampaigntobansmokinginpublicplaces,whichwithsomeheavysmokers.22.Ourcountryhaslaunchedacampaigntobansmokinginpublicplaces,whichwithsomeheavysmokers.A.concernsB.wasconcernedC.concernedD.isconcernedA.concernsB.wasconcernedC.concernedD.isconcernedTheLifelongLearningProgrammetoenablepeopletotakepartinlearningexperienceshastakenoffacrossEurope.A.havingbeendesigned B.beingdesigned C.designedD.designingNewlyreleaseddatapointtoanincreaseintechnologyuseamongchildrensomeworryischangingtheverynatureofchildhood.A.why B.which C.who D.whereCellsareimportantbecausetheyareorganizedstructuresthathelplivingthingtheactivitiesoflife.A.carryon B.expandon C.puton D.hangonyoucanlearntoappreciatethechallengesinlife,youwillfindinnerstrength.A.When B.While D.Unless C.Before-DoyoulikethemobilegameTravelingFrog-Yes,thepostsaboutthevirtualgreenfrogover4milliontimes.havereadhavebeenreadwouldbereadarereading

havereadhavebeenreadwouldbereadarereadingscomeapartinthepastyearTheworldsleadingthinkersandpolicymakersexaminewhatandwhatwilldefinetheyearahead,scomeapartinthepastyearA.evaluate B.innovate C.anticipate D.regulateAproblemhasoccurredweshoulddevelopinnovativethinkingabilitiesintheclassroomsbygivingstudentsopportunitiestogeneratenewideas.A.what B.where C.whether D.thatAlthoughvaluesmaybe,it'shelpfultosharethemwithyourpartnerforadditionalsupport.A.terminal B.personal C.crucial D.practicalThereaslightdecreaseinhisweightbutheeatstoomuch.A.was B.couldhavebeen C.hadbeen D.couldbe32.Wereallyemphasizetheimportanceofputtingsafeguardstopreventchildren'sidentities32.Wereallyemphasizetheimportanceofputtingsafeguardstopreventchildren'sidentitiesfromfallinginwrongpeopleshandsfromfallinginwrongpeopleshandsinplaceinvaininquestioninearnestinplaceinvaininquestioninearnest33.nevermindsoundsgreathereyougothereitis34.Wewon'tthinkofhumanclonesandanyreasontosuggestthatweareclosertoproducing33.nevermindsoundsgreathereyougothereitis34.Wewon'tthinkofhumanclonesandanyreasontosuggestthatweareclosertoproducing-Couldyoupassmethesugar,please-OK,themtodaythanwewereyesterday.neitherthereisneithertherewasnoristherenorwasthereneitherthereisneithertherewasnoristherenorwasthere-Ifeelcaughtbetweenexperienceandjobsaftergraduation.-It'sreally—withoutexperienceyoucan'tgetajobandwithoutajobyou can'tgetexperience.A.acatch-22 B.aHerculeantask C.asacredcow D.aMickeyMousecourse答案：21-25DDCBA26-30ABCCB31-35DACCA詳細解析:第21題：考查名詞詞義辨析。A名聲，B期望，C娛樂，D基礎。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表達的是每一項偉大的成就都依賴于之前所有的根基；故選 D。第22題：考查固定搭配。句意：我們國家已經(jīng)推行了一項在公共場所禁煙的運動，這關系到了很多煙民。Beconcernedwith與??有關，故選D1第23題：考查動詞語態(tài)。根據(jù)句意：這個旨在幫助人們參與到學習中的終身學習計劃已經(jīng)在全歐洲取得重大成功。在這里，designed過去分詞做后置定語修飾 programme,故選C。第24題：考查定語從句。Someworry為插入語可略去不看，which指物指代anincreaseintechnologyuseamongchildren這個現(xiàn)象；故選B。第25題：考查動詞短語。A進行，B拓展，C穿上，D堅持，根據(jù)句意：細胞是十分重要的因為它們是幫助TOC\o"1-5"\h\z生物進行生命活動的組織器官；故選 A。第26題：考查連詞用法。 When乍連詞時可等于if,所以句意為：如果你能學著去感激生活中的挑戰(zhàn)，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的內(nèi)在力量；故選 A。第27題：考查動詞語態(tài)。句意：——你喜愛旅行青蛙這款手機游戲嘛——喜歡，關于這個虛擬青蛙的帖子已經(jīng)有了超過四百萬的閱讀量了。根據(jù)句意應該表示為已經(jīng)被閱讀了，故選B。第28題：考查詞義辨析。A評估，B創(chuàng)新，C參加，D規(guī)范，根據(jù)句意可知，此處表達的應是預計什么東西決定著明年（的狀況）；故選 C。第29題：考查連詞。句意：一個關于我們是否應該培養(yǎng)學生創(chuàng)新能力的問題已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了。根據(jù)句意此處應表示是否，故選 C。第30題：考查形容詞詞義辨析。 A極限的，B個人白1C重要的，D實際的，句意：盡管價值可能是非常私人的，但是把它和你的朋友分享來獲得額外支持是也是非常有幫助的；故選B。第31題：考查虛擬語氣。句意：他的體重本來可以減輕不少的但他吃的太多了。根據(jù)后文的eats可確定主句時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在時，故虛擬用couldbe表示，本可能，選D。第32題：考查介詞短語。A到位，B徒勞，C在考慮中的，D誠摯的，根據(jù)句意，把防護措施擺放到位，故選 A。第33題：考查情景交際。句意：——麻煩給我一點糖行嗎——好的，給你。C中hereyougo口語中常用，等于hereyouare意為“給你”，故選C。C。第34題：考查語序。A和B未倒裝，直接排除，根據(jù)句意應為現(xiàn)在時，故選

第35題：考查俗語諺語。A自相矛盾的事情，B極為艱巨的任務，C神圣的東西，DC。意可知，這確實以一個難以抉擇的事情，故選A第二節(jié)：完形填空（共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分）請認真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的 A、BC、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。Likemanyperfectionists,Itrulybelievedthatself-sufficiencywasavirtue.And36mybrainwassogoodatfindingwhatitwaslookingfor,Inoticedeverysingletimethatideagotproved37,andsoIalwayshadlotsof38forwhyitreallywasbetterifIjusthandledeverythingmyself.Thiskindofthinking,friends,wasthe39indisguised 偽裝）.Myself-reliancecameinhandywhenIwasakidintheseventiesandinadulthoodwhenIwasanindependent40Then,inthefirstyearsof41theOrganizedArtistCompany,Ifoundmyself42everythingIcouldaboutwebsites,copywriting,graphicdesign,etc.Laterwheneveroneofmybusinessfriends43abouthowherwebsitewasbeingheldhostage（人質(zhì)）byherdesigner,I44felttoosatisfied.45ifmistakesweremadeinmybusiness,theywereallmine.Nowthiswaswheremyfalse46showedup—innotwantingotherstoknowImademistakes.IfIhadotherpeople47me,theywouldseemyerrorsand48.Workingalone,Icouldkeepupaprettygooddisplayof49._ButastheOrganizedArtistCompanybecameincreasingly50,Irealized]wasdoingharmtothepeopleIwastryingtoservebyattemptingtodoeverythingmyself.Iwas51mygrowthand_thedepthofmywork.Ihadbuiltabusinesswithmyowntwohands,andI52withabusinessthatIcouldholdinmyowntwohands.Cozy,53limitedinscope（ 范圍）.OnceIwaswillingtocontrolmyego（ 自負）andadmitthatmyvisionofself-sufficiencywasa541mybusinesstookaremarkableleapforward,andrevenue55.Littlechange,bigdifference.A while B. since C.before D.untilA clear B. mistaken C.rough D.right38.AevidenceB.experienceC.38.AevidenceB.experienceC.suggestionD.confidence39.A.magicB.devilC.sheepD.heaven40.A.workerB.perfectionistC.writerD.artist41.A.runningB.owningC.foundingD.establishing42.A.losingB.quittingC.learningD.possessing43.A.communicatedB.commentedC.compromisedD.complained44.A.doubtfullyB.seriouslyC.secretlyD.strangely45.A.AtmostB.AtlastC.AtlengthD.Atleast46.A.eleganceB.prideC.anxietyD.annoyance47.A.helpingB.persuadingC.criticizingD.ignoring48.A.statementsB.misjudgmentsC.argumentsD.agreements49.A.inspirationB.imaginationC.excellenceD.patience50.A.difficultB.successfulC.boringD.relaxing51.A.limitingB.designingC.creatingD.promoting52.A.camedownB.gotawayC.endedupD.cameup53.A.butB.orC.soD.and54.A.dreamB.virtueC.conceptD.trap55.A.shrankB.doubledC.droppedD.stayed答案：36-40BDABD41-45ACDCD46-50BABCB51-55ACADB詳細解析：第36題根據(jù)句意，此處表達的是自從我的大腦已經(jīng)好到可以明白它到底在追尋什么的時候，選since自從。第37題根據(jù)上文的self-sufficiency和sogoodat…作者表達自己十分自信，四個選項中只有 right可以表達這種情感，故選 D。第38題“所以我總是會有很多證據(jù)來證明如果我自己干我會干的更好”，根據(jù)后文的why易得選evidence。第39題friends為插入語，作者在告訴讀者這種想法是十分不好的，是偽裝中最壞的一種，四個選項中只有devil為貶，故易得B。第40題往下看，下一句，作者創(chuàng)辦藝術公司，前后呼應，可知作者自己也是一名獨立藝術家，故選 D。run運營，經(jīng)營。第41run運營，經(jīng)營。第42題根據(jù)上文，作者是一個喜歡單干的人，所以在他運營一家藝術公司的時候，他開始學著去做各種各樣的事情，learning學著去做，其他三個選項都不符合語境。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z第43題根據(jù)上文，此處應該為抱怨，故填 complained，選 D。第44題作者此時私下里覺得太滿足了，故填 secretly，選 C。第45題A至多，B最終，C充分的，D至少，“至少我工作上所有出現(xiàn)的錯誤都可以由我一人來承擔（他人不用知道）”，根據(jù)作者情感選 D。第46題作者開始反省自己，發(fā)現(xiàn)自己當時的錯誤的驕傲，pride，故選 B。第47題作者想的是，如果其他人幫我的話，他們就會看到我失誤以及判斷錯誤，但是如果我單干的話，我就可以假裝自己干得非常好。Helping幫助，選 A。第48題見 47解析， misjudgment判斷失誤。第49題見 47解析， excellence優(yōu)秀，卓越。第50題句意“但是當我的藝術公司辦的越來越成功的時候，我發(fā)覺我這樣單干其實是對那些我服務的人的傷害，我這樣其實是限制了我自己的發(fā)展和我工作的深度”，50題肯定是個褒義詞，表示公司越辦越好，successful成功，選B。第51題見50題解析，limit限制，選 A。第52題根據(jù)句意，作者通過自己的雙手創(chuàng)辦了一家公司，但是因為一直是自己單干不去尋求他人的幫助，所以這個公司的最終也做不大， Icouldholdinmyownhands 是形象的說法，endup以…告終，選C第53題根據(jù)上文，盡管舒適，但也被限制。But表示前后轉(zhuǎn)折，選A。第54題作者在反省自己的自以為是，根據(jù)文章主旨應該填一個貶義詞來修飾 self-sufficiency，四個選項中只有trap為貶義，故選 D。第55題與前面半句話 takearemarkableleapforward進行對應，故此空填double，事業(yè)路途加長，故選B?！靖酵晷稳姆g】和許多完美主義者一樣，我真的認為自給自足是一種美德。而且由于我的大腦是如此的善于找到它正在尋找的東西，我注意到每一個想法都被證明是正確的，所以我總是有大量的證據(jù)來解釋為什么如果我自己處理所有的事情，它真的會更好。這種想法，朋友啊，原來是偽裝的魔鬼。

然后，在開辦有組織的藝術家在70年代和成年時，我是一個獨立的藝術家，我的自立就派上用場了。然后，在開辦有組織的藝術家公司的頭幾年里，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我自己在學習任何關于網(wǎng)站、文案、平面設計等方面的知識。 后來，每當我的一個商業(yè)上的朋友抱怨她的網(wǎng)站是如何被她的設計師劫持的，我暗自覺得太滿足了。至少如果我的生意犯了錯誤，他們都是我的。這就是我的虛假驕傲出現(xiàn)的地方一我不想讓別人知道我犯了錯誤。如果我讓別人幫助我，他們會看到我的錯誤和誤判。獨自工作，我可以保持優(yōu)秀的表現(xiàn)。但是隨著有組織的藝術家公司變得越來越成功，我意識到自己凡事都親歷親為反而對那些我想去服務的人造成了傷害。我限制了自己的成長和工作的深度。我曾經(jīng)用雙手建立了自己的生意，最后擁有了一個自己的雙手能掌控的生意。舒適，但范圍有限。一旦我愿意控制我的自負，承認我自給自足的愿景是一個陷阱，我的事業(yè)取得了顯著的飛躍，收入增加了一倍。結果變化不大，差別很大。第三部分：閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）請認真閱讀下列短文,從短文后各題所給的ABC、D四個選項中,選出最彳t選項,并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。AELECTRICITYISATTHECOREOFMODERLIFE.DESPITETHIS,THEFULLSTORYOFTHISREVOLUTIONARFORCEHASREMAINEDUNTOLDUNTILNOW.offewmostSimplyElectrifyingoffersthecomprehensivestoryofonemankind'smostimportantjourneys:fromatimewhenonlyacouldevenimagineaworldwithelectricitytotodaywhen,forofus,aworldwithoutelectricitywouldbeunimaginable.offewmostSincethebirthofthemodernscienceofelectricity265yearsago,mankindhasbuiltanimpressivestructuretoproduce,deliver,anduseelectricity,thankstoacombinationofpioneeringscience,innovativetechnology,wisebusinessstrategy,andpervasive（ 至U處存在的）economicandenvironmentalregulation.SimplyElectrifyingbringstolifethestoriesofthepeoplethatmadeitallpossible—fromearlypathfinderslikeBenjaminFranklin,MichaelFaraday,JamesthatmadeitallpossibleClerkMaxwell,andAlbertEinsteintoinnovatorssuchasSamuelMorse,ThomasEdison,GeorgeWestinghouse,andNikolaTesla.Inmoderntimes,businessstrategistsandeconomicandenvironmentalregulationdrivenbymany,includingPresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt,RachelCarson,andevenPresidentBarackObama,haveshapedhowweuseandunderstandelectricityincrucialways.Today,ElonMuskandothersareontheedgeofagainchangingthewaywethinkaboutandinteractwithit.SimplyElectrifyingispainstakinglyresearchedandbeautifullywritten,showingushowbothprofit-makersandpolicy-makersmustuseawide-anglelenstotrulyunderstandthepastandpredictthefuture.Accordingtothepassage,thebookSimplyElectrifyingiswrittentotellus.pioneeringscienceofelectricitysignificantjourneysofelectricitythepeoplewhoinventedelectricitytheresearchwhichwasaboutelectricityWhyisPresidentBarackObamamentionedinthebookSimplyElectrifyingBecauseapolicy-makerisusuallyatopdogthatcanarousethereaders 'interest.Becauseapolicy-makercanhelppromotethebetteruseofelectricity.Becausepolicy-makerscandecidethefutureoftheuseofelectricityonthemarket.Becausepolicy-makerscantakecontroloftheeconomythroughelectricity.答案：56-57BB解析：第56題：B廣告信息類文章， 首段信息為文章主旨。 定位第一段最后一句"formostofus,aworldwithoutelectricitywouldbeunimaginable”可見電力在世界上的重要性。第57題：B根據(jù)第三段“andevenPresidentBarackObama,haveshapedhowweuseandunderstandelectricityincrucialways "可知通過引用奧巴馬的例子來強調(diào)如何運用和理解電力是至關重要的，故這本書可以幫助人們更好地運用電力。記住，例子本身不能說明自己，而是要論證它想論證的核心道理！

makedemandsfoundafterAscountlessunmadebedsandunfinishedhomeworkassignmentsprove,kidsneedrules.Yethowparentscanpowerfullyinfluenceachild'ssocialskillspsychologistsattheUniversityofVirginiarecentlytheconclusionofastudyinvestigatingthetransitionfromadolescencetoadulthood.makedemandsfoundafterInitially18413-year-oldsfilledoutmultiplesurveys,includingonetoassesshowoftentheirparentsemployedpsychologicallycontrollingstrategies,suchasinducingguiltorthreateningtowithdrawaffection.Thekidsrated,forexample,howtypicalitwouldbeforDadtosuggestthat“ifIreallycaredforhim,I wouldnotdothingsthatcausedhimtoworry"orforMomtobecome“l(fā)essfriendlywhenIdidnotseethingsherway. ”Theresearchersfollowedupwiththesubjectsatages18and21,askingtheyoungadultstobringalongaclosefriendand,later,aromanticpartneriftheyhadone.Thesepairswereaskedtoanswerhypothetical（彳所設的）questionsthatwerepurposefullywrittentoinspireadifferenceofopinion."Wewantedtoseewhethertheycouldnavigatea disagreementinahealthyway,”saysstudyleaderBarbaraOudekerk,nowattheU.S.DepartmentofJustice'sbureauofstatistics.IntheOctoberissueofChildDevelopment,Oudekerkandhercolleaguesreportthatthe13-year-oldswhohadhighlycontrollingparentsstruggledinfriendlydisagreementsatage18.Theyhaddifficultystatingtheiropinionsinaconfident,reasonedmannerincomparisontothekidswithoutcontrollingparents.Andwhentheydidspeakup,theyoftenfailedtoexpressthemselvesinwarmandproductiveways.Theresearcherssuspectthatpushyparentsruintheirchild 'sabilitytolearnhowtoarguehisorherownviewpointinotherrelationships.Althoughparentsdoneedtosetboundaries,domineeringstrategiesimplythatanydisagreementwilldamagethebonditself.Separatefindingssuggestthatparentswhoexplainthereasonsbehindtheirrulesandturndisagreementsintoconversationsleaveyoungstersbetterpreparedforfuturearguments.Theconsequencesoftenseordomineeringrelationshipsappeartogetworsewithtime.Thisstudyalsofoundthatsocialdifficultiesat18predictedevenpoorercommunicationabilitiesatage21.PsychologistShmuelShulmanofBar-IlanUniversityinIsrael,whodidnotparticipateinthework,thinkstheseconclusionsconvincinglyrevealhowrelationshippatterns“carryforward”intonewfriendships.WhatwillhappentotheteenagerswithpushyparentsTheylosesocialskills.Theyhavetroublepresentingopinions.Theyexpressthemselvesinanaggressiveway.Theyfailtoinspireadifferenceofopinion.Whatdoestheunderlinedword “domineering"inParagraph5meanalternativeconservativepowerfulforcefulImunicatewithchildrenwhensettingruleslearnnewwaystoestablishnewfriendshipsseekmorecontrollingstrategieshelpchildrendevelopabilitiestofollowrules答案：58-60BDA解析：第58題：B第五段首句"Theresearcherssuspectthatpushyparentsruintheirchild'sabilitytolearnhowtoarguehisorherownviewpointinotherrelationships”以及第四段“Theyhaddifficultystatingtheiropinionsinaconfident,reasonedmannerincomparisontothekidswithoutcontrollingparents”可知pushyparents的孩子是在表達觀點上有困難的。第59題：D本題考察詞義理解和句意理解， A項alternative 是替代的，B項conservative 保守的，powerful強大的，forceful強有力的，強勁的。聯(lián)系橫線所在句“Althoughparentsdoneedtosetboundariesdomineeringstrategiesimplythatanydisagreementwilldamagethebonditself”可知父母制定的界限和策略會使得任何分歧損害紐帶本身， 因此可排除A,B°C項poweful是褒義詞，而根據(jù)本文controllingparents給孩子帶來的壞影響，可至此處是貶義，故選D,而且forceful這個詞能夠和pushy這個強勢的詞形成“特殊人物發(fā)出來的動作要和其身份相吻合”。第60題：A根據(jù)第五段“Separatefindingssuggestthatparentswhoexplainthereasonsbehindtheirrulesandturndisagreementsintoconversationsleaveyoungstersbetterpreparedforfuturearguments.”可知研究表明，父母解釋規(guī)則背后的原因并將分歧轉(zhuǎn)化為交談，會使年輕人更好地為未來的爭論做好準備。故本題選 A。CExposinglivingtissuetosubfreezingtemperaturesforlongcancausepermanentdamage.Microscopicicecrystals（結晶體）cutcellsandseizemoisture（ 潮氣）,makingdonororgansunsuitablefortransplantation.Thus,organscanbemadecoldforonlyafewhoursaheadofaprocedure.Butasetoflastingnewantifreezecompounds（ 化合物）—similartothosefoundinparticularlyhardy（耐寒的）animals—couldlengthenorgans’shelflife.ScientistsattheUniversityofWarwickinEnglandwereinspiredbyproteinsinsomespeciesofArcticfish,woodfrogsandotherorganismsthatpreventbloodfromfreezing,allowingthemtoflourishinextremecold.Previousresearchhadshownthesenaturalantifreezemolecules（ 分子）couldpreserveratheartsatdegreesCelsiusforupto24hours.Buttheseproteinsareexpensivetoextract（提?。゛ndhighlypoisonoustosomespecies. “Foralongtimeeveryoneassumedyouhadtomakesynthetic（人造的）alternativesthatlookedexactlylikeantifreezeproteinstosolvethisproblem,”saysMatthewGibson,achemistatWarwickwhoco-authoredthenewresearch.“Butwefoundthatyoucandesignnewmoleculesthatfunct ionlikeantifreezeproteinsbutdonotnecessarilylooklikethem. ”Mostnaturalantifreezemoleculeshaveamixtureofregionsthateitherattractorrepelwater.Scientistsdonotknowexactlyhowthisprocess preventsicecrystalformation,butGibsonthinksitmightthrowwatermoleculesintopush-pullchaosthatpreventsthemfromtuningintoice.Tocopythismechanism,heandhiscolleaguessynthesizedspiral-shapedmoleculesthatweremostlywater-repellent—buthadironatomsattheircentersthatmadethemhydrophilic,orwater-loving.Theresultingcompoundsweresurprisinglyeffectiveatstoppingicecrystalsfromforming.SomewerealsoharmlesstotheroundwormCaenorhabditiselegans,indicatingtheymightbesafeforotheranimals.“Thesecompoundsarereallycoolbecausetheyarenotproteins —theyareothertypesofmoleculesthatnonethelesscandoatleastpartofwhatnaturalantifreezeproteinsdo, ”saysClaradoAmaral,abiologistatMountSt.JosephUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch.Gibson’santifreezecompoundswillstillneedtobetestedinhumans ,however,andmaybeonlypartofasolution. “Wedon’thavethewholepictureyet,”doAmaraladds. “It’snotjustonemagicalcompoundthathelpsfreeze-tolerantorganismssurvive.It’sawholesuiteofadaptations.WhatwillhappeniforgansarekeptforalongtimeintemperaturesbelowzeroTheywillhaveicecrystalformationinside.Theywillnotsufferpermanentdamage.Theywillhavelongershelflife.Theywillbefitfortransplantation.WhatcanwelearnaboutnaturalantifreezeproteinsTheylooklikeGibson’santifreezecompounds.Theyarecomposedofantifreezemoleculesharmlesstootherspecies.Theyarespiral-shapedandhaveironatomsattheircenters.Theycanbefoundinorganismslivinginfreezingcoldweather.HowareantifreezemoleculespreventedfromicecrystalsBycreatingcompoundsbothwater-repellentandwater-loving.Byextractingtheproteinsfromsomehardyanimals.Bymakingsyntheticalternativeslikeantifreezeproteins.Bycopyingspiral-shapedmoleculesmostlywater-resistant.What’sthemainideaofthepassagePush-pullchaosmightpreventwatermoleculesfromturningintoice.Thefinalsolutiontopreservingdonororganshasbeenfoundrecently.ChemicalsinspiredbyArcticanimalscouldlengthenorgans ’shelflife.Gibson’santifreezecompoundscandowhatnaturalantifreezeproteinsdo .答案：61-64ADAC解析：第61題Abelowzero與原文subfreezingtemperatures同義替換，定位第一段，BCD^j'原文矛盾，根據(jù)第一段第二句Microscopicicecrystalscutcellsandseizemoisture 選A。第62題D根據(jù)第二段結尾 donotnecessarilylooklikethem排除A根據(jù)第二段第五行 highlypoisonoustosomespecies排除B。選項C說得是人造化合物并不是naturalantifreezeproteins 故排除。根據(jù)文章第一段結尾第二段，naturalantifreezeproteins是在住在極寒環(huán)境的動物組織內(nèi)，選 D。第63題A根據(jù)第三段第一行 eitherattractorrepelwater同義替換故選A。第64題C根據(jù)最后一段可知這個方案并不是 finalsolution且仍舊需要進一步研究，科學研究類首段是主旨，這種受耐寒動物體啟發(fā)而人工合成的化合物有可能lengthenorgans’shelflife故選 C。DIremembermychildhoodsummersfondly,asmanyofusdo.ThosegoldendaysinwhichIwouldleavethehouseafterastillsleepy,leisurelybreakfastandcomehomeonlyforlunchinthemiddleofadayspententirelyoutdoors.Wedidnotliveintownand,thus,playmateswerelimitedtosiblings（兄弟姐妹）andthecousinswholiveddowntheroad.Ourbackyardbecametheplaygroundinwhichourimaginationswouldrunwild —turningthosefewacresintomagicalforests,thecreek（ 小溪）intoaviolentriverandourtrustydog,Rex,intothemanyrolesofhorse,monsterandanyothercreaturethatwechildrendidnotwanttoplay.Bytheendofthethreemonthsofsummerbreakweweresunburnedfromourhoursinthesun,fullofthememoriesofathousandmagicalmomentsandbondedtooursiblingsinawayt hatwinter’sforcedhibernation（冬眠）neverseemedtoconnectus.Today,IliveonthesameacreagethatIdidasachild.Mychildrenhavetheblessingofhavingthesamegrassypatchestoscratchtheirbarefeetastheyrunthroughit,thesamecreektostomp（跺腳）through,andnotthesamedog—buttheirveryownenergeticpuptoimagineawaythedayswith.However,thisisnotthesameworldasitwastwenty,thirtyyearsago.Therearescreenseverywhereinthehousetodemandattention—televisionswithhundredsofchannels,computerswithaccesstoathousandentertainingsites,tabletsstockedwithapps.Thereisalsonolongertheexpectationofastretchofanunscheduledthreemonths.Theirschoolfriendstellcompetitivestoriesofcarefullyplannedvacations,spendingtimetravelingtoallofthelocalattractions—variousparks,thezoo,thesciencecenter,allofthefestivalswhichcomebreezingthroughtown.Ontheveryfirstdayofschooltheywillbeaskedtolisttheirfavoriteactivitiesofthesummerandnolongeraretheselistsfilledwiththingslikefindingwoodtomakeabridgeoveracreekoradayspentinimaginativeplaywiththeirsiblings.Thelistsarenowfulloftrips,overscheduleddaysand “camps”thatnolongerofferastayinnature.Ourchildrenhavebecomeusedtobeingentertainedeveryminute.Inourhouse,wehavelimitsonelectronicsandkickthekidsoutsideonaniceday.Evenaswetryasparentstosetlimitsandgetourchildrenoutinnature,thenewcryofchildhoodseemstobe “I’mbored,”whichisnotreallyjustmeaning “I’mbored,” “but “Pleasefindsomethingtoentertainme,asInolongercanentertainmyselfevenforashortperiodoftime. ”O(jiān)urchildrennolongerknowhowtositinsilence,entertainthemselveswhileevenwaitingforafewminutesandhavelosttheaweofnatureastheyhavebecomeaddictedtoscreentime.Wehavemadeachoiceinthishouseholdtodowhatisnolongerexpectedofchildreninmanyhouseholds—wewillensurethattherearedaysof“boredom.”Werefusetospendourdaysschedulingourchildren ’severyhour.Therewillbemanydayswithnoplansatall,whentheywillbesentoutsidewithonlythegrassandthetreesandtheirownimaginationstoentertainthem.Thescreenswillbeturnedoffandourchildrenwillfindthattimesofquietcanbejustasorevenmoreentertaining.Theywillbondwiththeirbrotherandsister,makingmemoriesthattheywillreplayintheirmindswellintoadulthood.Eventhoughsunscreenwillbereligiouslyapplied,theywillleavesummerwithsunburnedandscratchescomingfromclimbingtrees,stompingthroughcreeksandchasingthedoginthefield.ThissummerIwillbegivingmychildrenthegreatestgiftofall—boredom.Forinsideboredomisthegiftofgettingtok