上海民辦震旦中學(xué)2021年高三英語(yǔ)模擬試題含解析

上海民辦震旦中學(xué)2021年高三英語(yǔ)模擬試題含解析一、選擇題1.----Howmuchbreadisthere?----_______.IwishIcouldofferyousome.A.Nothing

B.All

C.None

D.Any參考答案：C2.Thequestionwillprobably_______atthemeeting.A.raise

B.becomeup

C.comeup

D.comeupwith參考答案：C3.UsingAI,manycompaniesarenowconductingexperimentsthat___possiblejustafewyearsago.A.wouldhavebeen

B.mighthavebeenC.shouldn’thavebeen

D.couldn’thavebeen參考答案：D【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)。句意：很多公司現(xiàn)在使用人工智能進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，這在幾年前是不可能的。根據(jù)“afewyearsago”可知，此處表示“過(guò)去不可能”，應(yīng)該用couldn’thavedone，故D項(xiàng)正確。4.

Itwas_____hecamebankfromAfricathatwear_________hemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.A.when;then

B.not;until

C.notuntil;that

D.only;when參考答案：C

解析：本題考查的是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。根據(jù)Itis……that結(jié)構(gòu)可知。5.Theguardneglectedhisduty,thus

himselfthejob.

A.tocost

B.havingcost

C.costing

D.cost參考答案：C略6.--Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?--Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder___________.A.astold

B.asaretold

C.astelling

D.astheytold參考答案：A7.Myunclehasalargegreenhouseinhisgarden______hegrowsvegetablesinwinterA.which B.where C.when D.whose參考答案：B考查引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的用法。題意為“我叔叔的花園里有個(gè)大型的溫室大棚。冬天他在里面種植蔬菜?！盇引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾事、物；B引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾地點(diǎn)；C引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾時(shí)間；D引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)所屬關(guān)系。本題的先行詞“花園”是個(gè)地點(diǎn)。故答案為B。8.Theseproblems,

，willseriouslyaffectthegrowthofteenagersandeventhenation’sfuture.A.notifsolvedproperly

B.ifsolvedproperlyC.notifproperlysolved

D.ifnotsolvedproperly參考答案：D【考查方向】考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略用法。句意：這些問(wèn)題，如果不妥善處理的話(huà)，將嚴(yán)重影響青少年的成長(zhǎng)，甚至影響國(guó)家的未來(lái)。句子的主語(yǔ)是solve的動(dòng)作承受者。從句完整的形式為“iftheyarenotsolvedproperly”，因?yàn)橹鲝木渲髡Z(yǔ)一致且從句中有be動(dòng)詞，可以把從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞一起省略。故選D。9.Itisadifficultproblemforhighschoolstudents

theycanproperlyusetheInternet． A．what

B．where

C．when

D．whether參考答案：D10.—Doyoumindifwelookinhere?—I’mafraidyoucan’t.It’s______.A.private

B.official

C.formal

D.individual參考答案：A11.____youinterruptnow?Can’tyouseeI’monthephone?

-SorrySir,butit’surgent.

A.Can

B.Should

C.Must

D.Would參考答案：C略12.Attheconference,therewas______agreementamongtheexpertsontheissueofenvironmenteducation.

A.detailed

B.unique

C.universal

D.separate參考答案：C13._____sufficienthistoricalandlegalgrounds,China'spositionontheSouthChinaSeahasbeenconsistentandclear.A.Associatedwith

B.Basedon

C.Centeredaround

D.Assessedby參考答案：B【命題立意】考查形容詞的用法。句意：以充足的歷史和法律為根基，中國(guó)在中國(guó)南海的位置已經(jīng)是一貫和明確的。associatedwith和……有聯(lián)系；basedon以……為基礎(chǔ)；centeredaround圍繞；assessedby被評(píng)估。故判斷選B。14.Mike’scoffeeshoponBakerstreet,_____usedtobepoorlyrun,isnowasuccessfulbusiness.A.that

B.what

C.which

D.who參考答案：C略15.---Doyouknowthegreatchangeshappeninginourvillageatall?---No,it’sthefirsttimeI________here.A.was

B.came

C.havebeen

D.amcoming參考答案：C16.—DoyouthinkGeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest?—No.Ifso,he_____hiscartoourcollegeyesterday.A.woulddrive

B.drove

C.wouldhavedriven D.haddriven參考答案：C17.Toasmallandfarawaytownlikethis,acaraccidentisalwaysconsidered________interest,sopeoplesoongatheredaround.A.as

B.by

C.of

D.in參考答案：C18.Lookingthroughthewindow，shefoundtheboss

inhisroutinework．

A．lose

B．lost

C．tolose

D．havinglost參考答案：B略二、短文改錯(cuò)19.假如英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(xiàn)（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線(xiàn)，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Ithinkuniversitylifeareatimeforlearningandexperiencingnewthings.Icanmeetotheryoungpeoplelikemefrommanydifferentplaceandmakelotsoffriends.Iwillprobablyliveawayhomeduringthistime,andIwillpromoteindependence.Studyingatuniversitywillbequitedifferencefromstudyingathighschool.Imaynothavesomanyhomeworktofinisheveryday,andIwillspendmuchmoretimedowhatIlove.Iknowthatatanyuniversityherearedifferentassociationsorclubsorganizedbystudents.IwanttojoininafilmclubandachessclubbecauseIhaveinterestinthem.Theseclubscanmakeyourlifeinterestingbuthelpmemakefriends.參考答案：Ithinkuniversitylifeareatimeforlearningandexperiencingnewthings.Icanmeetother

isyoungpeoplelikemefrommanydifferentplaceandmakelotsoffriends.Iwillprobablyliveaway

places

∧homeduringthistime,andIwillpromoteindependence.Studyingatuniversitywillbequitefrom

differencefromstudyingathighschool.Imaynothavesomanyhomeworktofinisheveryday,different

much

andIwillspendmuchmoretimedowhatIlove.Iknowthatatanyuniversityherearedifferent

doing

there

associationsorclubsorganizedbystudents.Iwanttojoininafilmclubandachessclubbecause

in

Ihaveinterestinthem.Theseclubscanmakeyourlifeinterestingbuthelpmemakefriends.

my

and三、閱讀理解20.

Conceptsfromscienceandnaturearefilledwithourlanguage’scommonphrases,idiomsandspokenexpressions.Theunbelievingexpression“Well,I’llbeamonkey’suncle”hasitsorigininbitterdisbeliefoverDarwin’swritingsonevolution.Thesecolourfulexpressionsbringspice(趣味)toourlanguage.Yetcertainwell-usedphrasesfromsciencearejustplainwrong!Someareobvious,yetweusethemanyhow.Forexample,apersonwhoacutelyshakesherheadandsays“Awatchedpotneverboils”whileyouarewaitingsecondaftertiringsecondfortestresultstoarriveorjobofferstocomeinknowsthatifshesatdownandwatchedapotcontainingwateronastoveoverhighheatforlongenough,thewaterwilleventuallyboil.However,afewphraseshavelessobviousscientificinaccuracies.Hereareafewforyoutoconsider.Onceinabluemoon:Thispoeticphrasereferstosomethingthatoccursextremelyrarely.Abluemoonisthetermcommonlyusedforasecondfullmoonthatoccasionallyappearsinasinglemonthofoursolar-basedcalendars.Theproblemwiththephrase,however,isthatbluemoonsarenotsorare.Theyhappeneveryfewyearsatleast,andcanevenhappenwithinmonthsofeachotherwhenthe29.5-daylunarcycleputsthefullmoonatthebeginningofanymonthbutFebruary.Theusageof“bluemoon”asthesecondfullmooninamonthdatesbacktoa1937MarineFarmer’sAlmanac.Butbeforethat,bluemoonsmeantsomethingslightlydifferent.Typically,12fullmoonsoccurfromwintersolsticetothenextwintersolstice,butoccasionallyafourthfullmooninaseasoncouldbeobserved.Insuchacase,oneofthefourfullmoonsinthatseasonwasknownas“blue”.Wherethere’ssmoke,there’sfire:Thephrasemeansthatifsomethinglookswrong,itlikelyiswrong.Butlet’sstepback.Doyoualwayshavetohavefireifyouseesmoke?Answeringthatfirstrequiresdefining‘fire”,Merriam—Webster’sfirstdefinitionoffireis“thephenomenonofcombustionmanifestedinlight,flameandheat”.Combustionisthechemicalreactionthatoccurswhenfuelisburnedinthepresenceofoxygen---denyingafireanyofthesethreethingswillstopthefire;attemptingtostartafirewithoutanyoneofthethreethingswillbeimpossible.Incompletecombustion---whatoccurswhenyoulightagasstove---thefireproducesnosmoke.However,whenmostmaterialsareburned,theyhaveincompletecombustion,whichmeansthatthefireisn’tabletocompletelyburnallofthefuel.Smoke,then,canbeconsideredtobeaproductofpyrolysis(高溫分解)ratherthanoffireitself.You’reprobablythinking---sowhat?Togetthesmoke,afireneededtobepresentatsomepoint,right?Notalways.Diamondsareforever:ThankstotheDeBeersslogan,decoratingyourhoney’sneck,wristsandfingerswithdiamondsmeanstrueandtimelesslove.Ofcourse,noobjectthatyoucanholdinyourhandcanlastforever.Butdiamondshaveaspecialreasonforbeingincapableoftimelessness.WithouttheextremepressuresofthedeepEarthwheretheyformed,adiamondwillslowlyturnbackintographite(石墨),whichiswhytheolderadiamondis,themoreinclusionsit’slikelytohave.Whatcommonphrasespushyourbuttonswhenviewedunderthemicroscopeofscience?Areyoucuriousaboutthehiddenknowledgeofsome“big”phrases?Orperhapsyouhavetheabilitytouncoverthesecretofsomeunscientificphrases?Letusknow!59.Accordingtothepassage,thebluemoon_________.A.appearsatthebeginningofamonthB.gainsitsmodernmeaningbefore1937C.presentsitselfquitefrequentlysometimesD.canneverbeseenbypeopleinFebruary60.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?A.theolderadiamondis,themorevaluableit’slikelytobe.B.FireisnotnecessarilycausingsmokeC.SmokeisaproductofcompletecombustionD.thelessobviousscientificinaccuraciesofsomephrasesmakethemmoreuseful61.Theunderlinedphrase“pushyourbuttons”inthelastparagraphmeans“_______”.A.impressyoualot

B.frightenyoumuch.C.surpriseyougreatly

D.makeyouloseyourinterest62.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthescientificinaccuraciesofthephrasesis________.

A.indifferent

B.objective

C.critical

D.favourable參考答案：CBAD本文為說(shuō)明文，主要講述生活中一些不符合科學(xué)原理的句子或短語(yǔ)，同時(shí)介紹了這些句子或短語(yǔ)背后的信息。59.C60．B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從倒數(shù)第三段最后一句“Smoke,then,canbeconsideredtobeaproductofpyrolysis(高溫分解)ratherthanoffireitself.You’reprobablythinking---sowhat?Togetthesmoke,afireneededtobepresentatsomepoint,right?Notalways.”，可知，有煙不一定會(huì)有火。故選B。61．A考查詞義猜測(cè)。從最后一段第二句“Areyoucuriousaboutthehiddenknowledgeofsome“big”phrases?”可知，往往印象深刻的事情會(huì)引起好奇。故選A。21.Imagineyouareopeningyourowncompanyandwanttohireamanager.Youhavetwocandidatesandtheyarebothcapableandexperienced,sowhowouldyouratherhire:Julia

WatsonorShobhaBhattacharva?ChancesarethatyouwouldpreferWatson,right?Butwhy?“Easynamesareevaluatedasmorefamiliar,lessriskyandlessdangerous,”ErynNewman,ascientistatVictoriaUniversityofWellington,NewZealand,toldScientificAmerican.Asaresult,peoplewitheasiernamesareoftenassumedtobemoretrustworthy.ThisiswhatNewmanandherteammateshavefoundintheirrecentstudy.Intheexperiment,theypicked18differentforeignnames,includingdifficult-to-pronounceoneslikeYevgeniDherzhinskyandeasynameslikeBodoWallmeyer.Theythenattachedeachnamewithastatementsuchas“turtlesaredeaf”and“giraffesaretheonlymammalsthatcannotjump”andaskedvolunteerswhethertheythoughttheclaimsweretrue.Theresultsshowedthatclaimsconnectedtoeasiernamesweremoreoftenrankedasbelievablethanthoseattributedtodifficultnames,regardlessofwhatthetruthreallywas.Infact,previousstudieshavealreadyfoundthatourjudgmentsaboutproductscanbeaffectedbytheirnames.Forexample,wetendtothinkofafoodadditive(添加劑)withaneasiernameassaferandastockwithaneasiernameasmorelucrative(利潤(rùn)豐厚的)，accordingtoMedicalDaily.Butresearcherspointedoutthatthiseffectcanchangedependingonwheresomeonecomesfrom.Forexample,anativeBritishmanmayfind“YevgeniDherzhinsky”hardtopronouncewhileRussianpeoplecouldsayitwithouteffort.Newmanhopesthatthisfindingcanmakeusbetterseeourbiases(偏見(jiàn)).It’snotjustunfairtopeoplethatwemakejudgmentsbasedongutfeelings(直覺(jué))ratherthanfacts,anditcansometimeshaveseriousconsequences.Forexample,wemaychoosetobelievecertaineyewitnessesincourtsimplybecausetheirnamessoundmoretrustworthyeveniftheyareactuallylying.Or,wemayletgoofqualifiedjobcandidatesduetotheir“difficult”names.Now,ifyoucouldmakethatdecisionagain,wouldyoustillpreferJuliaWatsontoShobhaBhattacharva?8.WhatdidNewmanandherteammatesdiscoverintheirexperiment?A.Volunteerswitheasiernamesweremorelikelytochoosetrueclaims.B.Adifficultnamedoesn’tinfluencethewaythevolunteersviewedtheclaims.C.Volunteerstrustedclaimspairedwitheasynamesmoreoften.D.Volunteerstrustedclaimsconnectedwithdifficultnames.9.Theunderlinedwords“thiseffect”inParagraph5refertotheeffect______.A.nameshaveonpeoplesjudgmentsB.gutfeelingshaveonpeoplefromdifferentplacesC.ofdecisionsmadebasedonfactsD.ofpeople’sbiasesagainstcertaintypesofpeople10.Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A.Weshouldthinktwicebeforewemakeadecision.B.Theharderyournameistopronounce,themorelikelyitisyouwillgetajob.C.Judgingpeoplebasedontheirnamesmaycauseseriousproblems.D.Russianshavelessbiasagainstpeople’snamesthantheBritish.11.Whatisprobablythebesttitleforthetext?A.NamesAffectProductsB.EmployersPreferShobhaBhattacharvaC.DifficultNamesareTrustworthyDEasyNamesWinOut參考答案：8.C

9.A

10.C

11.D【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要說(shuō)明了最近研究發(fā)現(xiàn)名字簡(jiǎn)單的人通常被認(rèn)為更值得信任。文章同時(shí)說(shuō)明了實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程以及研究人員指出這種影響可能會(huì)隨著一個(gè)人來(lái)自哪里而改變，和這種影響可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致的問(wèn)題。【8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中Theresultsshowedthatclaimsconnectedtoeasiernamesweremoreoftenrankedasbelievablethanthoseattributedtodifficultnames,regardlessofwhatthetruthreallywas.（結(jié)果表明，與難記的名字相比，與容易記的名字相關(guān)的說(shuō)法更容易被認(rèn)為是可信的，不管事實(shí)真相是什么。）可知紐曼和她的隊(duì)友發(fā)現(xiàn)，在實(shí)驗(yàn)中志愿者更相信與簡(jiǎn)單名字配對(duì)的說(shuō)法。故選C?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。結(jié)合第四段中Theresultsshowedthatclaimsconnectedtoeasiernamesweremoreoftenrankedasbelievablethanthoseattributedtodifficultnames,regardlessofwhatthetruthreallywas.Infact,previousstudieshavealreadyfoundthatourjudgmentsaboutproductscanbeaffectedbytheirnames.（結(jié)果表明，與難記的名字相比，與容易記的名字相關(guān)的說(shuō)法更容易被認(rèn)為是可信的，不管事實(shí)真相是什么。事實(shí)上，之前的研究已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們對(duì)產(chǎn)品的評(píng)價(jià)會(huì)受到產(chǎn)品名稱(chēng)的影響。）以及劃線(xiàn)單詞下文canchangedependingonwheresomeonecomesfrom.可知第5段下劃線(xiàn)的“這種影響”是指人名對(duì)人們的判斷所產(chǎn)生的影響。故選A。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容Now,ifyoucouldmakethatdecisionagain,wouldyoustillpreferJuliaWatsontoShobha