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2009年度全國職稱英語等級考試理工類(C級)真題及答案第1部分:詞匯選項(第1~15題,每題1分,共15分)

下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線,請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。

1I'dverymuchliketoknowwhatyouraiminlifeis.

Athought

B

idea

Cgoal

D

plan

2Thepolicemenactedquicklybecauseliveswereatstake

Aindanger

B

indifficulty

Cindespair

D

outofcontrol

3Practicallyallanimalscommunicateeitherthroughsoundsorthroughsoundlesscodes.

A

Certainly

BProbably

C

Almost

DAbsolutely

4MaryrarelyspeakstoSusan.

Aslowly

B

seldom

Cweakly

D

constantly

5I'mworkingwithaguyfromLondon

Ateacher

B

student

Cfriend

D

man

6You'dbetterputthesedocumentsinasafeplace

Adark

B

secure

Cguarded

D

banned

7Thecourageousboyhasbeenthesubjectofmassivemediacoverage.

Aextensive

B

continuous

Cinstant

D

quick

8Thetownisfamousforitsmagnificentbuildings

Ahigh-rise

B

modern

Cancient

D

splendid

9Thegreatchangeofthecityastonishedallthevisitors.

Asurprised

B

scared

Cexcited

D

moved

10Jackpackedupallthethingshehadaccumulatedoverthelasttenyears.

Afuture

B

far

Cpast

D

near

11Wouldyoupleasecallmyhusbandassoonaspossible?

Avisit

B

phone

Cconsult

D

invite

12Wehadalongconversationaboutherparents

Aspeech

B

question

Ctalk

D

debate

13Thechairmanproposedthatwestopthemeeting.

Astated

B

announced

Cdemanded

D

suggested

14Obviouslythesepeoplecanbereliedoninacrisis.

Alivedon

B

dependedon

Cbelievedin

D

joinedin

15ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenanathletebreaksarecord

Abeats

B

maintains

Cmatches

D

tries

第2部分:閱讀判斷(第16~22題,每題1分,共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7個句子,請根據短文的內容對每個句子做出判斷:如果該句提供的是正確信息,請選擇A;如果該句提供的是錯誤信息,請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及,請選擇C.

RadiocarbonDating

Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon(放射性碳),orcarbon-14,dating.Onekeytounderstandinghowandbysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened.

Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyatheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarbon,calledcarbon-12,hassixprotons(中子)andsixneutrons(質子)initsnucleus.Carbon-14,orC-14,isaradioactive,unstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons(原子核)。Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay(衰減)。Thisprocessinvolvesthelossofheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.

InLibby'sradiocarbondatingtechnique,theweakradioactiveemissions(放射)fromhisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.HedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.

Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth'satmospherewhennitrogen(氮)-14,orN-14,

interactswithcosmicrays(宇宙射線)。ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformed,themountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.Consequently,C-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50,000years.

AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules(分子)thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoalllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14

atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues(組織)。Onceanorganism(有機體)diesittopstakingincarboninanyform,andtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreases,andtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsgoesdown.Intermsofradiocarbondating,thefewerC-14atomsinasample,theolderthatsampleis.

16Nowadaysmanyscientistsdependonradiocarbonfordatingage-oldobjects

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

17Theradiocarbondatingtechniqueisonlyabout40yearsold

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

18Anatomofordinarycarbonhassixprotonsandeightneutrons

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

19Radarisusedtodeterminethecharacteristicsofradiocarbon.

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

20Radiocarbonisreliableindatinganobjectbacktoatleast50,000years.

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

21Whenanorganismdies,theC-14initbeginstodecay.

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

22Thehalf-lifeofC-14isabout25,000years.

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

第3部分:概括大意與完成句子(第23~30題,每題1分,共8分)

下面的短文后有2項測試任務:(1)第23~26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第1~4段每段1選擇個最佳標題;(2)第27~30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個確定1個最佳選項。

MeetYourMemory

1Memoryissomethingthatcannotbeseen,touchedorweighed.Itisthoughttobeabstract.Itisasetofskillsratherthananobject.Neitheristhereasinglestandardforjudgingagoodorpoormemory.Thereareanumberofdifferentwaysinwhichapersonmayhavea'good'memory.

2Memoryisgenerallyviewedasconsistingofthreestages:(1)acquisitionreferstolearningthematerial;(2)storagereferstokeepingthematerialinthebrainuntilitisneeded;and(3)retrieval(提?。﹔eferstogettingthematerialbackoutwhenitisneeded.

3Memoryconsistsofatleasttwodifferentprocesses:short-termmemoryandlong-termmemory.Short-termmemoryhasalimitedcapacityandarapidforgettingrate.Itscapacitycanbeincreasedbychunking(組成大塊),orgroupingseparatebitsofinformationintolargerchunks.Long-termmemoryhasanalmostunlimitedcapacity.

4Onemeasureofmemoryisrecall,whichrequiresyoutoproduceinformationbysearchingthememoryforit.Inaidedrecall,youaregivencues(提示)tohelpyouproducetheinformation.Infree-recalllearningyourecallthematerialinanyorder;inseriallearningyourecallitintheorderitwaspresented;andinpaired-associatelearningyoulearnpairsofwordssothatwhenthefirstwordisgivenyoucanrecallthesecondword.Asecondmeasureofmemoryisrecognition,inwhichyoudonothavetoproducetheinformationfrommemory,butmustbeabletoidentifyitwhenitispresentedtoyou.Inathirdmeasureofmemory,relearning,thedifferencebetweenhowlongittooktolearnthematerialthefirsttimeandhowlongittakestolearnitagainindicateshowmuchyouremember.Relearningisgenerallyamoresensitivemeasureofmemorythanisrecognitionbecauserelearningshowsretention(保持)whilerecognitiondoesnot.Recognitionisgenerallyamoresensitivemeasurethanrecall.

23Paragraph1

24Paragraph2

25Paragraph3

26Paragraph4

AWhydoweforgetthings?

BHowdowemeasurememory?

CWhatarethestagesmemoryconsistsof?

DWhatisthedifferencebetweenshort-termmemoryandlong-termmemory?

EWhatismemory?

FWhomayhaveapoormemory?

27Rememberinginvolvesgettingthematerialbackoutwhenitis

28Groupingbitsofinformationintolargerchunkshelpsimprovethecapacityof

our

29Long-termmemoryhasanalmostunlimitedcapacityanda

30Asameasureofmemory,relearningismoresensitivethan

Ashort-termmemory

Brelearning

Cneeded

Dcoded

Erecognition

Fslowforgettingrate

第4部分:閱讀理解(第31~45題,每題3分,共45分)

下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道題。請根據短文內容,為每題確定1個最佳選項。

第一篇

LightNight,DarkStars

Thousandsofpeoplearoundtheglobestepoutsidetogazeattheirnightsky.Onaclearnight,withnoclouds,moonlight,orartificiallightstoblocktheview,peoplecanseemorethan14,000starsinthesky,saysDennisWard,anastronomer(天文學家)withtheUniversityCorporationforAtmosphericResearch(UCAR)inBoulder,Colo.Butwhenpeoplearesurroundedbycitylights,hesays,they'reluckytosee150stars.

Ifyou'veeverdriventowardabigcityatnightandseenitsglowfromagreatdistance,you'vewitnessedlightpollution.Itoccurswhenlightfromstreetlights,office(照亮)thenightbuildings,signs,andothersourcesstreamsintospaceandilluminates~sky.Thishaze(朦朧)oflightmakesmanystarsinvisibletopeopleonEarth.Evenatnight,bigcitieslikeNewYorkglowfromlightpollution,makingstargazingdifficult.

Dustandparticlesofpollutionfromfactoriesandindustriesworsentheeffectsoflightpollution.“Ifonecityhasalotmorelightpollutionthananother,”Wardsays,“thatcitywillsuffertheeffectsoflightpollutiononamuchgreaterscale.”

Hazyskiesalsomakeitfarmoredifficultforastronomerstodotheirjobs.

Citiesaregettinglarger.Suburbsaregrowinginoncedark,ruralareas.Lightfromallthisnewdevelopmentisincreasinglyobscuring(使變模糊)thefaint(微弱的)lightgivenoffbydistantstars.Andifscientistscan'tlocatetheseobjects,theycan'tlearnmoreaboutthem.

Lightpollutiondoesn'tonlyaffectstarvisibility.Itcanharmwildlifetoo.It'sclearthatartificiallightcanattractanimals,makingthemgooffcourse.There'sincreasingevidence,forexample,thatmigrating(遷徙)birdsusesunsetsandsunrisestohelpfindtheirway,saysSydneyGauthreauxJr.,ascientistatClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina.“Whenlightoccursatnight,”hesays,“ithasaverydisruptive(破壞性的)influence.”Sometimesbirdsflyintolightedtowers,high-rises,andcablesfromradioandtelevisiontowers.Expertsestimatethatmillionsofbirdsdiethiswayeveryyear.

31Onaclearnight,peoplecansee

A150stars.

Bhundredsofstars.

Conethousandstars.

Dmorethan14,000stars.

32Lightpollutionoccurswhen

Aartificiallightsilluminatethenightsky.

Bthemoonlightsupthenightsky.

Ctoomanystarsarevisibleinthenightsky

Dstreetlightsareturnedoff.

33Nowadaysevensuburbsarebecomingunsuitableforscientiststodotheirjobsbecause

Athenightskythereistoodark.

Btheoncedarkareasarealsopollutedbylights.

Ctheseareasarenotpollutedbychemicals.

Dtheseareasarelessdeveloped.

34Howdoeslightpollutionaffectwildlife?

AAnimalsmaygooffcourse.

BIthelpsmigratingbirdsfindtheirhomes.

CAnimalsareafraidtogooutaftersunset.

DIthelpsbirdsfallasleep.

35Thetitle“LightNight,DarkStars”means

Athenightskyisbrightlylitupandstarsareblack.

Blightsappearatnightandstarsareseeninthedark.

Ccitylightsatnightilluminatestarsinthesky.

Dcitylightsilluminatethenightsky,makingstarsinvisible

第二篇

ShoppingatSecond-handClothingStores

When33-year-oldPeteBarthwasincollege,shoppingatsecond-handclothingstoreswasjustsomethinghedid-“l(fā)ikechangingthetiresonhiscar.”Helookedathisbudget,anddecidedhecouldsavealotofmoneybyshoppingforclothesatthriftshops.

“Evennewclothesarefairlydisposable(用后即丟掉的)andwearoutafteracoupleofyears,”Barthsaid.“Inthriftshops,youcanfindsomegreatstuffwhosequalityisbetterthannewclothes.”

Sincethen,Barth,whoworksataGoodwillthriftshopintheUSstateofFlorida,hasfoundthatthereareallkindsofreasonsforshoppingforsecond-handclothing.Somepeoplelikehim,shoptosavemoney.Someshopforacrazy-lookingshirt.Andsomehopasameansofconservingenergyandhelpingtheenvironment.

PatAkins,anaccountantataFloridaSalvationArmy(SA)(救世軍)thriftshop,saidhat,forher,shoppingatthriftshopsisawaytohelptheenvironment.

“Whenmydaughterwaslittle,welookedatitasrecycling,”Akinssaid.“Also,whyay30dollarsforanewcoatwhenyoucangetanotheroneforalotless?”

AkinssaidthattheSAhasshopsallovertheUS-“someasbigasdepartmentstores.”Alloftheclothesaredonated(捐贈),andwhentheyhaveasurplus(盈余),they'llhave“stuffabag”specials,wherecustomerscanfillagrocerysackwithclothesforonly

or10dollars.

JuliaSlocum,22,pointsout,however,thatthehugeamountofsecond-handclothingintheUSistheresultofAmericanwastefulness.

I'dsaythatsecond-handstoresaretheresultofourwasteful,materialisticculture,“saidSlocum,whoworksforapro-conservationorganization,theCenterforaNewAmericanDream.”Thriftshopspreventthatwastefromgoingtolandfills(垃圾填埋場);theygiveclothingasecondlife,providecheaperclothingforthosewhocan'taffordtobuynewonesandgenerate(生成)incomeforcharities.Theyalsoprovideawayforthewealthyandmiddleclassestoshed(擺脫)someoftheguiltfortheirlevelofconsumption.“

36WhichstatementaboutBarthisNOTtrue?

A

Heis33yearsoldnow.

B

HeworksataGoodwillthriftshop.

C

HeworksataSalvationArmythriftshop.

D

HHewassacoollegeestuddentmmanyyyearsago

37WWhenBBarthwasaacolllegesstudennt,heooftenshopppedattthriiftshhops

Atoosaveemoneey.

Btoosaveeenerrgy.

Ctoohelpptheenvirronmennt.

Dtoomakeefrieendswwithppoorppeoplee.

38WWhatddoesAAkinsdo?

A

SSheissasooldierr.

B

SSheissanaaccounntant..

C

SSheissasaaleswooman

D

SSheissarooadswweeperr.

39TThrifttshoppscanndoeeverytthingEXCEPPT

Agiivecllothinngasseconddlifee.

Bgeeneratteincomeforccharitties.

Cprrovideecheaapercclotheesforrthepoor..

Dsttopriichpeeoplefromwastiingmooney

40TThewoord“thrifft”inpparagrraph11coulldbebestreplaacedbby

Achharityy.

Bonnedolllar.

Cfiirstcclass..

Dtwwodolllars..

第三篇

Wateer

Theseconndmosstimpportanntconnstituuent(構成成份份)oftthebiiospheere(生物圈)islliquiddwateer.Thhiscaanonllyexiistinnaveerynaarrowrangeeofttemperraturees,sinccewatterfrreezessat00℃andboilssat1100℃。Lifeeaswweknoowitwoulddonlyybeppossibbleonnthesurfaaceoffapllanetwhichhhadtempeeraturressoomewheerewiithinthisnarroowrannge.

Theearthh'ssuupplyofwaaterpprobabblyreemainssfairrlycoonstanntinquanttity.Thettotalquanttityoofwatterissnotknownnveryyaccuuratelly,butitissabouutenooughttocovverthhesurrfaceofthhegloobetooadeepthoofaboouttwwoanddthreee-quaarterkilommeterss.Mosstofitissintthefoormoffthesaltwaterrofttheocceans-aboout977percent..Therestisfrresh,butthreee-quarrtersofthhisissintthefoormofficeatthhePollesanndonmounttains,andcannootbeusedbyliivingsysteemsunntilmmeltedd.Oftherremainningffractiionalwhichhisssomewhhatleessthhanonneperrcenttoftthewhhole,therreis10—20tiimesaasmucchstooreduunderggrounddwateerasthereeisaactualllyonnthesurfaace.TThereisallsoatiny,butextreemelyimporrtantfracttionooftheewateersuppplywwhichisprresenttaswwatervaporrinttheattmosphhere.

Wateervapporinntheatmossphereeistthechhannellthrooughwwhichthewwholewaterr

circculatiion(循環(huán))oftthebiiospheerehaastopass..Wateerevaaporatted(蒸發(fā))frommthesurfaaceofftheoceanns,frommlakeesanddriveersanndfroommoiist(潮濕的)eartthisaddeddtoiit.Frromittthewaterrcomeesouttagaiinasrainorsnnow,falllingooneittherttheseeaorthelland.Thereeis,asmmightbeexxpecteed,amooreinntensiiveevvaporaationperuunitaareaooverttheseeaanddoceaansthhanovverthhelannd,butthereeismmorerrainfaallovverthhelanndthaanoveertheeoceaans,andthebbalancceisrestooredbbytheerunoofffrromthhelanndinthefformoofrivvers.

41LLiquiddwateeronllyexiists

Ainnthecenteeroftheeearth..

Bonnthesurfaaceoffourplaneet.

Cinnaveerynaarrowrangeeofttemperraturees

Dinnthecoasttalarreasooftheeeartth.

42TThetootalqquantiityoffwateeronEarthh

Areemainssalmoostunnchangged.

Bhaasgreeatlyincreeasedinreecentyearss

Cissdecrreasinngconnstanttly.

Dissaffeectedbygllobalwarmiing.

43MMostooftheefresshwatteronnEartth

Aissstorredunndergrround..

BissintthefoormofficeatthhePollesanndonmounttains

Cissfounndinriverrsanddlakees.

Dcoomesffromttheraain.

44TThewoord“fracttion”inttheseecondparaggraphmeanss

Aaverysmalllamouunt.

Balargeeareaa.

Cannimpoortanttsysttem.

Damajorrsourrceoffinfoormatiion.

45TThereismooreraainfalll

Aovverthhemouuntainnsthaanoveertheeriveers

Bovverthherivverstthanoovertthemoountaiins.

Covverthheoceeanstthanoovertthelaand.

Dovverthhelanndthaanoveertheeoceaans

第5部分分:補全短文文(第46~50題,每題2分,共10分)

下面的短短文有5處空白,短短文后有6個句子,其其中5個取自短文文,請根據短短文內容將其其分別放回原原有位置,以以恢復文章原原貌。

ABaadIdeea

Thinnkyouucanwalk,drivve,takeephonnecallls,e-maailanndlisstenttomussicattthesametime?Well,NewYork''snewwlawsaysyouccan't..(46)Thelawwwentiintofforcelastmonthh,folllowinggreseearchandaashocckingnumbeerofacciddentsthatinvollvedppeopleeusinngeleectronnicgaadgetss(小巧機械械)whenncrosssingthesstreett.

Who''stoblamee?(47)“Wearreundderthheimppressiionthhatouurbraaincaandomorethanitofftenccan,”sayssReneeMaroois,aneeurosccientiist(神經科學學家)inTTennesssee.“Butaacoreelimiitatioonistheiinabillityttoconncentrrateoontwoothinngsattoncee.”

Theyounggpeopplearreofttencoonsideeredtthegrreatmmultittaskerrs.(48),Agrroupoof18--to221-yeaar-olddsanddagrroupoof35--to339-yeaar-olddswerregivven900secoondsttotraanslatteimaagesiintonnumberrs,usinngassimpleecodee.(49)Butwhenbothgrouppswerreintterrupptedbbyapphonecalloranninsttantmmessagge,theolderrgrouupmattchedtheyyoungeergrooupinnspeeedanddaccuuracy..

Itiisdiffficullttomeasuurethheprooductiivitylostbymuultitaaskerss.Buttitiisproobablyyaloot.JoonathaanSpiira,chieefanaalystatBaasex,abuusinesss-ressearchhfirmm,estiimatessthecostofinnterruuptionnstotheAAmericcanecconomyyatnnearlyy$6500billlionaayearr.(50)Thessurveyysconncludeethatt28ppercenntofthewworkerrs'tiimewaasspeentonninteerrupttionsandrrecoveerytiimebeeforetheyreturrnedttotheeirmaaintaasks.

ATaalkinggonaacelllphoneewhilledriivingbringgsyouujoyanywaay

BThheesttimateeisbbasedonsuurveysswithhoffiicewoorkerss

CThheyouungergrouppdid10peercenttbettterwhhennootintterruppted

DHooweverr,anOOxforddUnivversittyressearchhsugggeststhisperceeptionnisoopenttoqueestionn.

ESccientiistsssaythhatouurmulltitassking(多任務處處理)abillitiessarelimitted

FAnndyouu'llbbefinned$1100iffyoudosooonaaNewYorkCitystreeet

第6部分分:完形填空空(第51~55題,每題1分,共15分)

下面的短短文有15處空白,請請根據短文內內容為每處空空白確定一個個最佳選項。

OneGoodReasoontoLetSSmallppoxLiive

It'ssnowafaiirbettthattwewwillnneverseetthetootaleextincction(滅絕)oftthesmmallpoox(天花)viruus.Whhensmmallpooxwasscomppletellygottridofinntheworldd,scieentisttswanntedtto(51)thekilleervirrusinnthelasttwollabs--oneinthheUSandooneinnRusssia.TTheyaasked:Ifssmallppoxhaastruulygoonefrromthheplaanet,(52)poinntwasstherreinkkeepinngtheesereeservees?

inrrealitty,ofccoursee,itwwasnaaivetto(53)thateveryyonewwouldletggoofsuch

a

ppowerfful

ppotenttialwweaponn.

Unndoubttedlyseverral

nnationns

sttill

have(54)vialls(小藥瓶)。Andthellast“officcial”stoccksoffliveeviruusbreedmisstrusttofttheUSSandRussiia,(55)

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