全國(guó)職稱英語(yǔ)理工類考試真題及答案詳解doc

2009年度全國(guó)職稱英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試?yán)砉ゎ悾–級(jí)）真題及答案第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1～15題，每題1分，共15分）

下面每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)劃有底橫線，請(qǐng)為每處劃線部分確定1個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。

1I'dverymuchliketoknowwhatyouraiminlifeis.

Athought

B

idea

Cgoal

D

plan

2Thepolicemenactedquicklybecauseliveswereatstake

Aindanger

B

indifficulty

Cindespair

D

outofcontrol

3Practicallyallanimalscommunicateeitherthroughsoundsorthroughsoundlesscodes.

A

Certainly

BProbably

C

Almost

DAbsolutely

4MaryrarelyspeakstoSusan.

Aslowly

B

seldom

Cweakly

D

constantly

5I'mworkingwithaguyfromLondon

Ateacher

B

student

Cfriend

D

man

6You'dbetterputthesedocumentsinasafeplace

Adark

B

secure

Cguarded

D

banned

7Thecourageousboyhasbeenthesubjectofmassivemediacoverage.

Aextensive

B

continuous

Cinstant

D

quick

8Thetownisfamousforitsmagnificentbuildings

Ahigh-rise

B

modern

Cancient

D

splendid

9Thegreatchangeofthecityastonishedallthevisitors.

Asurprised

B

scared

Cexcited

D

moved

10Jackpackedupallthethingshehadaccumulatedoverthelasttenyears.

Afuture

B

far

Cpast

D

near

11Wouldyoupleasecallmyhusbandassoonaspossible？

Avisit

B

phone

Cconsult

D

invite

12Wehadalongconversationaboutherparents

Aspeech

B

question

Ctalk

D

debate

13Thechairmanproposedthatwestopthemeeting.

Astated

B

announced

Cdemanded

D

suggested

14Obviouslythesepeoplecanbereliedoninacrisis.

Alivedon

B

dependedon

Cbelievedin

D

joinedin

15ThereisalwaysexcitementattheOlympicGameswhenanathletebreaksarecord

Abeats

B

maintains

Cmatches

D

tries

第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16～22題，每題1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C.

RadiocarbonDating

Nowadaysscientistscananswermanyquestionsaboutthepastthroughatechniquecalledradiocarbon（放射性碳），orcarbon-14，dating.Onekeytounderstandinghowandbysomethinghappenedistodiscoverwhenithappened.

Radiocarbondatingwasdevelopedinthelate1940sbyphysicistWillardF.LibbyatheUniversityofChicago.Anatomofordinarycarbon，calledcarbon-12，hassixprotons（中子）andsixneutrons（質(zhì)子）initsnucleus.Carbon-14，orC-14，isaradioactive，unstableformofcarbonthathastwoextraneutrons（原子核）。Itreturnstoamorestableformofcarbonthroughaprocesscalleddecay（衰減）。Thisprocessinvolvesthelossofheextraneutronsandenergyfromthenucleus.

InLibby'sradiocarbondatingtechnique，theweakradioactiveemissions（放射）fromhisdecayprocessarecountedbyinstrumentssuchasaradiationdetectorandcounter.HedecayrateisusedtodeterminetheproportionofC-14atomsinthesamplebeingdated.

Carbon-14isproducedintheEarth'satmospherewhennitrogen（氮）-14，orN-14，

interactswithcosmicrays（宇宙射線）。ScientistsbelievesincetheEarthwasformed，themountofnitrogenintheatmospherehasremainedconstant.Consequently，C-14formationisthoughttooccurataconstantrate.NowtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsintheatmosphereisknown.Mostscientistsagreethatthisratioisusefulfordatingitemsbacktoatleast50，000years.

AlllifeonEarthismadeoforganicmolecules（分子）thatcontaincarbonatomscomingfromtheatmosphere.SoalllivingthingshaveaboutthesameratioofC-14

atomstoothercarbonatomsintheirtissues（組織）。Onceanorganism（有機(jī)體）diesittopstakingincarboninanyform，andtheC-14alreadypresentbeginstodecay.OvertimetheamountofC-14inthematerialdecreases，andtheratioofC-14toothercarbontomsgoesdown.Intermsofradiocarbondating，thefewerC-14atomsinasample，theolderthatsampleis.

16Nowadaysmanyscientistsdependonradiocarbonfordatingage-oldobjects

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

17Theradiocarbondatingtechniqueisonlyabout40yearsold

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

18Anatomofordinarycarbonhassixprotonsandeightneutrons

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

19Radarisusedtodeterminethecharacteristicsofradiocarbon.

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

20Radiocarbonisreliableindatinganobjectbacktoatleast50，000years.

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

21Whenanorganismdies，theC-14initbeginstodecay.

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

22Thehalf-lifeofC-14isabout25，000years.

A

Right

BWrong

C

Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23～30題，每題1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第23～26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第1～4段每段1選擇個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；（2）第27～30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

MeetYourMemory

1Memoryissomethingthatcannotbeseen，touchedorweighed.Itisthoughttobeabstract.Itisasetofskillsratherthananobject.Neitheristhereasinglestandardforjudgingagoodorpoormemory.Thereareanumberofdifferentwaysinwhichapersonmayhavea'good'memory.

2Memoryisgenerallyviewedasconsistingofthreestages：（1）acquisitionreferstolearningthematerial；（2）storagereferstokeepingthematerialinthebrainuntilitisneeded；and（3）retrieval（提?。﹔eferstogettingthematerialbackoutwhenitisneeded.

3Memoryconsistsofatleasttwodifferentprocesses：short-termmemoryandlong-termmemory.Short-termmemoryhasalimitedcapacityandarapidforgettingrate.Itscapacitycanbeincreasedbychunking（組成大塊），orgroupingseparatebitsofinformationintolargerchunks.Long-termmemoryhasanalmostunlimitedcapacity.

4Onemeasureofmemoryisrecall，whichrequiresyoutoproduceinformationbysearchingthememoryforit.Inaidedrecall，youaregivencues（提示）tohelpyouproducetheinformation.Infree-recalllearningyourecallthematerialinanyorder；inseriallearningyourecallitintheorderitwaspresented；andinpaired-associatelearningyoulearnpairsofwordssothatwhenthefirstwordisgivenyoucanrecallthesecondword.Asecondmeasureofmemoryisrecognition，inwhichyoudonothavetoproducetheinformationfrommemory，butmustbeabletoidentifyitwhenitispresentedtoyou.Inathirdmeasureofmemory，relearning，thedifferencebetweenhowlongittooktolearnthematerialthefirsttimeandhowlongittakestolearnitagainindicateshowmuchyouremember.Relearningisgenerallyamoresensitivemeasureofmemorythanisrecognitionbecauserelearningshowsretention（保持）whilerecognitiondoesnot.Recognitionisgenerallyamoresensitivemeasurethanrecall.

23Paragraph1

24Paragraph2

25Paragraph3

26Paragraph4

AWhydoweforgetthings？

BHowdowemeasurememory？

CWhatarethestagesmemoryconsistsof？

DWhatisthedifferencebetweenshort-termmemoryandlong-termmemory？

EWhatismemory？

FWhomayhaveapoormemory？

27Rememberinginvolvesgettingthematerialbackoutwhenitis

28Groupingbitsofinformationintolargerchunkshelpsimprovethecapacityof

our

29Long-termmemoryhasanalmostunlimitedcapacityanda

30Asameasureofmemory，relearningismoresensitivethan

Ashort-termmemory

Brelearning

Cneeded

Dcoded

Erecognition

Fslowforgettingrate

第4部分：閱讀理解（第31～45題，每題3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

第一篇

LightNight，DarkStars

Thousandsofpeoplearoundtheglobestepoutsidetogazeattheirnightsky.Onaclearnight，withnoclouds，moonlight，orartificiallightstoblocktheview，peoplecanseemorethan14，000starsinthesky，saysDennisWard，anastronomer（天文學(xué)家）withtheUniversityCorporationforAtmosphericResearch（UCAR）inBoulder，Colo.Butwhenpeoplearesurroundedbycitylights，hesays，they'reluckytosee150stars.

Ifyou'veeverdriventowardabigcityatnightandseenitsglowfromagreatdistance，you'vewitnessedlightpollution.Itoccurswhenlightfromstreetlights，office（照亮）thenightbuildings，signs，andothersourcesstreamsintospaceandilluminates~sky.Thishaze（朦朧）oflightmakesmanystarsinvisibletopeopleonEarth.Evenatnight，bigcitieslikeNewYorkglowfromlightpollution，makingstargazingdifficult.

Dustandparticlesofpollutionfromfactoriesandindustriesworsentheeffectsoflightpollution.“Ifonecityhasalotmorelightpollutionthananother，”Wardsays，“thatcitywillsuffertheeffectsoflightpollutiononamuchgreaterscale.”

Hazyskiesalsomakeitfarmoredifficultforastronomerstodotheirjobs.

Citiesaregettinglarger.Suburbsaregrowinginoncedark，ruralareas.Lightfromallthisnewdevelopmentisincreasinglyobscuring（使變模糊）thefaint（微弱的）lightgivenoffbydistantstars.Andifscientistscan'tlocatetheseobjects，theycan'tlearnmoreaboutthem.

Lightpollutiondoesn'tonlyaffectstarvisibility.Itcanharmwildlifetoo.It'sclearthatartificiallightcanattractanimals，makingthemgooffcourse.There'sincreasingevidence，forexample，thatmigrating（遷徙）birdsusesunsetsandsunrisestohelpfindtheirway，saysSydneyGauthreauxJr.，ascientistatClemsonUniversityinSouthCarolina.“Whenlightoccursatnight，”hesays，“ithasaverydisruptive（破壞性的）influence.”Sometimesbirdsflyintolightedtowers，high-rises，andcablesfromradioandtelevisiontowers.Expertsestimatethatmillionsofbirdsdiethiswayeveryyear.

31Onaclearnight，peoplecansee

A150stars.

Bhundredsofstars.

Conethousandstars.

Dmorethan14，000stars.

32Lightpollutionoccurswhen

Aartificiallightsilluminatethenightsky.

Bthemoonlightsupthenightsky.

Ctoomanystarsarevisibleinthenightsky

Dstreetlightsareturnedoff.

33Nowadaysevensuburbsarebecomingunsuitableforscientiststodotheirjobsbecause

Athenightskythereistoodark.

Btheoncedarkareasarealsopollutedbylights.

Ctheseareasarenotpollutedbychemicals.

Dtheseareasarelessdeveloped.

34Howdoeslightpollutionaffectwildlife？

AAnimalsmaygooffcourse.

BIthelpsmigratingbirdsfindtheirhomes.

CAnimalsareafraidtogooutaftersunset.

DIthelpsbirdsfallasleep.

35Thetitle“LightNight，DarkStars”means

Athenightskyisbrightlylitupandstarsareblack.

Blightsappearatnightandstarsareseeninthedark.

Ccitylightsatnightilluminatestarsinthesky.

Dcitylightsilluminatethenightsky，makingstarsinvisible

第二篇

ShoppingatSecond-handClothingStores

When33-year-oldPeteBarthwasincollege，shoppingatsecond-handclothingstoreswasjustsomethinghedid-“l(fā)ikechangingthetiresonhiscar.”Helookedathisbudget，anddecidedhecouldsavealotofmoneybyshoppingforclothesatthriftshops.

“Evennewclothesarefairlydisposable（用后即丟掉的）andwearoutafteracoupleofyears，”Barthsaid.“Inthriftshops，youcanfindsomegreatstuffwhosequalityisbetterthannewclothes.”

Sincethen，Barth，whoworksataGoodwillthriftshopintheUSstateofFlorida，hasfoundthatthereareallkindsofreasonsforshoppingforsecond-handclothing.Somepeoplelikehim，shoptosavemoney.Someshopforacrazy-lookingshirt.Andsomehopasameansofconservingenergyandhelpingtheenvironment.

PatAkins，anaccountantataFloridaSalvationArmy（SA）（救世軍）thriftshop，saidhat，forher，shoppingatthriftshopsisawaytohelptheenvironment.

“Whenmydaughterwaslittle，welookedatitasrecycling，”Akinssaid.“Also，whyay30dollarsforanewcoatwhenyoucangetanotheroneforalotless？”

AkinssaidthattheSAhasshopsallovertheUS-“someasbigasdepartmentstores.”Alloftheclothesaredonated（捐贈(zèng)），andwhentheyhaveasurplus（盈余），they'llhave“stuffabag”specials，wherecustomerscanfillagrocerysackwithclothesforonly

or10dollars.

JuliaSlocum，22，pointsout，however，thatthehugeamountofsecond-handclothingintheUSistheresultofAmericanwastefulness.

I'dsaythatsecond-handstoresaretheresultofourwasteful，materialisticculture，“saidSlocum，whoworksforapro-conservationorganization，theCenterforaNewAmericanDream.”Thriftshopspreventthatwastefromgoingtolandfills（垃圾填埋場(chǎng)）；theygiveclothingasecondlife，providecheaperclothingforthosewhocan'taffordtobuynewonesandgenerate（生成）incomeforcharities.Theyalsoprovideawayforthewealthyandmiddleclassestoshed（擺脫）someoftheguiltfortheirlevelofconsumption.“

36WhichstatementaboutBarthisNOTtrue？

A

Heis33yearsoldnow.

B

HeworksataGoodwillthriftshop.

C

HeworksataSalvationArmythriftshop.

D

HHewassacoollegeestuddentmmanyyyearsago

37WWhenBBarthwasaacolllegesstudennt，heooftenshopppedattthriiftshhops

Atoosaveemoneey.

Btoosaveeenerrgy.

Ctoohelpptheenvirronmennt.

Dtoomakeefrieendswwithppoorppeoplee.

38WWhatddoesAAkinsdo？

A

SSheissasooldierr.

B

SSheissanaaccounntant..

C

SSheissasaaleswooman

D

SSheissarooadswweeperr.

39TThrifttshoppscanndoeeverytthingEXCEPPT

Agiivecllothinngasseconddlifee.

Bgeeneratteincomeforccharitties.

Cprrovideecheaapercclotheesforrthepoor..

Dsttopriichpeeoplefromwastiingmooney

40TThewoord“thrifft”inpparagrraph11coulldbebestreplaacedbby

Achharityy.

Bonnedolllar.

Cfiirstcclass..

Dtwwodolllars..

第三篇

Wateer

Theseconndmosstimpportanntconnstituuent（構(gòu)成成份份）oftthebiiospheere（生物圈）islliquiddwateer.Thhiscaanonllyexiistinnaveerynaarrowrangeeofttemperraturees，sinccewatterfrreezessat00℃andboilssat1100℃。Lifeeaswweknoowitwoulddonlyybeppossibbleonnthesurfaaceoffapllanetwhichhhadtempeeraturressoomewheerewiithinthisnarroowrannge.

Theearthh'ssuupplyofwaaterpprobabblyreemainssfairrlycoonstanntinquanttity.Thettotalquanttityoofwatterissnotknownnveryyaccuuratelly，butitissabouutenooughttocovverthhesurrfaceofthhegloobetooadeepthoofaboouttwwoanddthreee-quaarterkilommeterss.Mosstofitissintthefoormoffthesaltwaterrofttheocceans-aboout977percent..Therestisfrresh，butthreee-quarrtersofthhisissintthefoormofficeatthhePollesanndonmounttains，andcannootbeusedbyliivingsysteemsunntilmmeltedd.Oftherremainningffractiionalwhichhisssomewhhatleessthhanonneperrcenttoftthewhhole，therreis10—20tiimesaasmucchstooreduunderggrounddwateerasthereeisaactualllyonnthesurfaace.TThereisallsoatiny，butextreemelyimporrtantfracttionooftheewateersuppplywwhichisprresenttaswwatervaporrinttheattmosphhere.

Wateervapporinntheatmossphereeistthechhannellthrooughwwhichthewwholewaterr

circculatiion（循環(huán)）oftthebiiospheerehaastopass..Wateerevaaporatted（蒸發(fā)）frommthesurfaaceofftheoceanns，frommlakeesanddriveersanndfroommoiist（潮濕的）eartthisaddeddtoiit.Frromittthewaterrcomeesouttagaiinasrainorsnnow，falllingooneittherttheseeaorthelland.Thereeis，asmmightbeexxpecteed，amooreinntensiiveevvaporaationperuunitaareaooverttheseeaanddoceaansthhanovverthhelannd，butthereeismmorerrainfaallovverthhelanndthaanoveertheeoceaans，andthebbalancceisrestooredbbytheerunoofffrromthhelanndinthefformoofrivvers.

41LLiquiddwateeronllyexiists

Ainnthecenteeroftheeearth..

Bonnthesurfaaceoffourplaneet.

Cinnaveerynaarrowrangeeofttemperraturees

Dinnthecoasttalarreasooftheeeartth.

42TThetootalqquantiityoffwateeronEarthh

Areemainssalmoostunnchangged.

Bhaasgreeatlyincreeasedinreecentyearss

Cissdecrreasinngconnstanttly.

Dissaffeectedbygllobalwarmiing.

43MMostooftheefresshwatteronnEartth

Aissstorredunndergrround..

BissintthefoormofficeatthhePollesanndonmounttains

Cissfounndinriverrsanddlakees.

Dcoomesffromttheraain.

44TThewoord“fracttion”inttheseecondparaggraphmeanss

Aaverysmalllamouunt.

Balargeeareaa.

Cannimpoortanttsysttem.

Damajorrsourrceoffinfoormatiion.

45TThereismooreraainfalll

Aovverthhemouuntainnsthaanoveertheeriveers

Bovverthherivverstthanoovertthemoountaiins.

Covverthheoceeanstthanoovertthelaand.

Dovverthhelanndthaanoveertheeoceaans

第5部分分：補(bǔ)全短文文（第46～50題，每題2分，共10分）

下面的短短文有5處空白，短短文后有6個(gè)句子，其其中5個(gè)取自短文文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短短文內(nèi)容將其其分別放回原原有位置，以以恢復(fù)文章原原貌。

ABaadIdeea

Thinnkyouucanwalk，drivve，takeephonnecallls，e-maailanndlisstenttomussicattthesametime？Well，NewYork''snewwlawsaysyouccan't..（46）Thelawwwentiintofforcelastmonthh，folllowinggreseearchandaashocckingnumbeerofacciddentsthatinvollvedppeopleeusinngeleectronnicgaadgetss（小巧機(jī)械械）whenncrosssingthesstreett.

Who''stoblamee？（47）“Wearreundderthheimppressiionthhatouurbraaincaandomorethanitofftenccan，”sayssReneeMaroois，aneeurosccientiist（神經(jīng)科學(xué)學(xué)家）inTTennesssee.“Butaacoreelimiitatioonistheiinabillityttoconncentrrateoontwoothinngsattoncee.”

Theyounggpeopplearreofttencoonsideeredtthegrreatmmultittaskerrs.（48），Agrroupoof18--to221-yeaar-olddsanddagrroupoof35--to339-yeaar-olddswerregivven900secoondsttotraanslatteimaagesiintonnumberrs，usinngassimpleecodee.（49）Butwhenbothgrouppswerreintterrupptedbbyapphonecalloranninsttantmmessagge，theolderrgrouupmattchedtheyyoungeergrooupinnspeeedanddaccuuracy..

Itiisdiffficullttomeasuurethheprooductiivitylostbymuultitaaskerss.Buttitiisproobablyyaloot.JoonathaanSpiira，chieefanaalystatBaasex，abuusinesss-ressearchhfirmm，estiimatessthecostofinnterruuptionnstotheAAmericcanecconomyyatnnearlyy$6500billlionaayearr.（50）Thessurveyysconncludeethatt28ppercenntofthewworkerrs'tiimewaasspeentonninteerrupttionsandrrecoveerytiimebeeforetheyreturrnedttotheeirmaaintaasks.

ATaalkinggonaacelllphoneewhilledriivingbringgsyouujoyanywaay

BThheesttimateeisbbasedonsuurveysswithhoffiicewoorkerss

CThheyouungergrouppdid10peercenttbettterwhhennootintterruppted

DHooweverr，anOOxforddUnivversittyressearchhsugggeststhisperceeptionnisoopenttoqueestionn.

ESccientiistsssaythhatouurmulltitassking（多任務(wù)處處理）abillitiessarelimitted

FAnndyouu'llbbefinned$1100iffyoudosooonaaNewYorkCitystreeet

第6部分分：完形填空空（第51～55題，每題1分，共15分）

下面的短短文有15處空白，請(qǐng)請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)內(nèi)容為每處空空白確定一個(gè)個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。

OneGoodReasoontoLetSSmallppoxLiive

It'ssnowafaiirbettthattwewwillnneverseetthetootaleextincction（滅絕）oftthesmmallpoox（天花）viruus.Whhensmmallpooxwasscomppletellygottridofinntheworldd，scieentisttswanntedtto（51）thekilleervirrusinnthelasttwollabs--oneinthheUSandooneinnRusssia.TTheyaasked：Ifssmallppoxhaastruulygoonefrromthheplaanet，（52）poinntwasstherreinkkeepinngtheesereeservees？

inrrealitty，ofccoursee，itwwasnaaivetto（53）thateveryyonewwouldletggoofsuch

a

ppowerfful

ppotenttialwweaponn.

Unndoubttedlyseverral

nnationns

sttill

have（54）vialls（小藥瓶）。Andthellast“officcial”stoccksoffliveeviruusbreedmisstrusttofttheUSSandRussiia，（55）