定語從句語法講解含習(xí)題

定

語

從

句一、知識點梳理充當(dāng)定語修飾名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句。被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞以后，由必定的連接詞指引，連接詞稱為關(guān)系代詞（which,that,as,whom,who,whose）或關(guān)系副詞when,where,why）1、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句⑴限制性定語從句起對先行詞進行限制、劃分的作用。若去掉易產(chǎn)生歧義或使主句意義不明確。（此類定語從句前后沒有逗號）【eg】Thedressthatmymotherboughtformeisverybeautiful.我媽媽給我買的裙子很美麗。⑵非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間的關(guān)系比較松懈，只對先行詞起說明和描述的作用。若省去，節(jié)余部分意義仍舊完好，表達清楚。（此類定語從句前后用逗號分開）【eg】Yourwritings,whicheveryoneadmires,areverymarvelous.你的作品人人賞識，實在是太了不起了。Shakespeare,whoseplaysarepopular,wasagreatwriter.莎士比亞是個偉大的作家，他的劇作很受歡迎。⑶某些狀況下，一個定語從句既可以作限制性定語從句，又可以作為非限制性定語從句，但二者含義有差異。eg】TherearetencarsherewhicharemadeinChina.這里有十輛中國制造的車。（這里可能還有其余的車）Therearetencarshere,whicharemadeinChina.這里有十輛車，它們都是中國制造的。（這里只有十輛車）that和why一般不指引非限制性定語從句，其余指引限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞都可以指引非限制性定語從句?！緀g】Myelderbrother,whoisanengineer,isworkingabroad.我的哥哥在外國工作，他是一個工程師。Lastyear,IvisitedQuanzhou,whichisabeautifulcityinFujianProvince.昨年我旅行了泉州，它是福建省一個美麗的城市。2、關(guān)系代詞的使用指代對象人事物人+事物主格who/thatwhich/thatthat賓格whom/thatwhich/thatthat全部格whosewhose/ofwhichwhich和that指物①which和that指引的限制性定語從句表事物，可以在定語從句中做主語或賓語。當(dāng)他們在賓語從句中做賓語時，that和可以省略。

which

常eg】Wemustrespectthecustomherethathasexistedforhundredsofyears.我們一定尊敬這里存在了數(shù)百年的民俗。

（做主語）Thisisthebook(that/which)Iwanttobuy.這就是我想買的那本書。

（做

buy

的賓語）多數(shù)狀況下，that和which可以通用。②在以下幾種狀況下，指引定語從句的關(guān)系代詞多用少用which。a先行詞前有形容詞的最高等、序數(shù)詞或theonlylast等表絕對意義的詞作修飾語?！緀g】Thisistheoldesttreethatexistsintheworld.

that，不用或,thevery,the這是世界上現(xiàn)存最老的一棵樹。Theonly

thing

(

that

)

he

is

interested

in

iscollectingstamps.他獨一感興趣的事就是集郵。b先行詞為不定代詞（anything,nothing,everythinglittle,few,much,any,no等修飾

）或被eg】Allthesongs(that)hesangareverypopularhere.他唱的全部的歌在這兒都很流行。Everythingthatshouldbedonehasbeendone..全部應(yīng)當(dāng)做的事情都已經(jīng)做了。若先行詞是something，定語從句用thatc先行詞既包含人又包含物【eg】Theytalkedofpeopleandthings

和which都可以。(that)theyrememberedinEngland.他們談起了記憶中在英國的人和事。d當(dāng)句中已有wh–疑問句，有時為了防范重復(fù)，用that指引定語從句而不用which。③在以下幾種狀況下，一般使用which指引定語從句而不用that.指引非限制性定語從句【eg】China,whichisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld,isplayinganimportantpartintheworldaffairs.中國是世界上第三大國家，它在國際事務(wù)中起側(cè)重要的作用。bthat和which在從句中作介詞的賓語。介詞可以放在句末也可以提到關(guān)系代詞前面。介詞放在句末時，關(guān)系代詞可用that和which，也可省略。介詞提早到關(guān)系代詞前時，只好用which不可以用that，且which不行省。eg】Abottleopenerisatool(which/that)bottlesareopenedwith.=Abottleopenerisatoolwithwhichbottlesareopened.開瓶器是一種用來開啟瓶子的工具。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后邊有插入語。eg】Ihavereceivedtheinvitationtoyourweddingwhich,asIhavetoldyou,mademeveryglad.我已經(jīng)收到你的婚禮請柬。這個邀請，正如我所告訴你的，使我感覺萬分有幸。d若先行詞是that，則用which指引定語從句。(thatwhich的結(jié)構(gòu)平常出此刻諺語中)eg】Thatwhichisevilissoonlearned.壞事易學(xué)。④先行詞是way時，指引定語從句的關(guān)系代詞有三種形式:inwhichthat或不用指引詞。eg】Thewayhespeaksisunique.=Thewaythathespeaksisunique.=Thewayinwhichhespeaksisunique.他說話的方式很奇異。who,whom和that指人①who和that在從句中既可做主語又可做賓語whom在從句中只可用做賓語。當(dāng)who,whom和that在從句中做賓語時，可以省略?！緀g】Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatistalkingwithJohnoverthere?你認識在那處和John說話的那個女孩嗎？Theman(who/whom/that)youhavejusttalkedwithisourteacher.方才和你說話的那個是我們的老師。who,whom,that在從句中都可作介詞的賓語。介詞可位于句末也可提到關(guān)系代詞前。介詞位于句末時，關(guān)系代詞可用who,whom或that，也可省略。介詞提到關(guān)系代詞前時，只好用whom不可以用that和who，而且whom不行省。（注意與2/⑴/③/b類比）eg】Theman(who/whom/that)youhavejusttalkedwithisourteacher.=Themanwithwhomyouhavejusttalkedisourteacher.方才和你說話的那個人是我們的老師。⑶whose指人或指物，充當(dāng)名詞的修飾語，表示所屬關(guān)系?！皐hose+名詞”=“名詞+ofwhich”二者意思相同，可互換。eg】Lookatthehousewhosewindowsareround.=Lookatthehousethewindowsofwhichareround.看那座窗戶是圓形的房子。⑷as指引的定語從句①先行詞有such或thesame修飾，也許在as/soas的結(jié)構(gòu)中，都可用as做關(guān)系代詞來指引限制性定語從句。eg】Iwanttobuythesamepenasyouareusing.我想買一支和你用的那支相同的筆。Heusedsuchexpressionsashecouldfindinthetexts.他使用在課文中可以找到的那些詞語。當(dāng)thesame修飾先行詞時，指引定語從句的關(guān)系代詞既可以用as也可用that。差異：that指引的定語從句表示它所表述的事物與先行詞是同一個。as既可以表示“同一個”又可以表示“同類”。eg】ThisisthesamebookthatIhavelost.這就是我拋棄的那本書。ThisisthesamebookasIhavelost.這本書和我拋棄的那本一模一樣。②as指引非限制性定語從句as指引非限制性定語從句,修飾的是前面的整個句子。which也有這類用法,二者在大多數(shù)狀況下可互換。eg】Shehasjustcried,as/whichIcouldseefromherswolleneyes.她方才哭過，我從她紅腫的眼睛就可以看出。Asisknowntoall,Chinaisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld.盡人皆知，中國是世界上第三大繁榮國家。which指引非限制性定語從句和指引的非限制性定語從句的差異：awhich從句只好放在句末，而as從句可位于句首、句中、句末。eg】MarkTwain,asweallknow,isagreatwriter.盡人皆知，馬克?吐溫是一位偉大的作家。當(dāng)主句能否定句時，as不可以用which來代替。as從句所修飾的范圍其實不包含主句的否定意義?！緀g】Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink.蜘蛛并不是像好多人所想的那樣是昆蟲。3、關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的使用關(guān)系副詞where,when,why在從句中分別做地點狀語、時間狀語和原由狀語。他們常常可以用“介詞+which”來代替⑴when可代替為on/at/in/during+which,在定語從句中做時間狀語。eg】Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichwefirstmet.我還記得我們首次見面的那天。Doyoustillrememberthesummervacationwhen/duringwhichwevisitedalotofplacesinBeijing?你還記得我們在北京旅行了好多地方的那個暑期嗎？⑵where可代替為at/in/to+which，在定語從句中跟在表地點的名詞后邊做地點狀語。eg】Thatistheschoolwhere/atwhichIusedtostudy.那就是我過去學(xué)習(xí)過的學(xué)校。Thinkofaplacewhere/towhichwecangoforaswim.想一個我們可以去游泳的地方。why可代替為forwhich，指引先行詞為reason的定語從句，表示原由。【eg】Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichhewaslate.這就是他遲到的原由。⑷關(guān)系副詞when,where,why指引定語從句時一般可用that替換，也可省略。【eg】Sheisalwaysbusyworkingfromthetime(when/that)shegetsupinthemorningtillthetime(when/that)shegoestobed.她老是很忙，從清早起床向來到上床睡覺，她都在工作。Thatistheplace(where/that)Iwentbefore.那就是我們以前往過的地方。Doyouknowthereason(why/that

)heleft

thecompany?你知道他走開公司的原由嗎？二、例題1、（）Thefloodoverflowedtheriverbanks,______frequentlyhappenedinthatarea.AasitBwhichCitDsuch2、（）Thisisthebestnovel______wehavereadinrecentyears.AwhichBthatCasDso3、（）All______isalargesumofmoney.AwhatisneededBthatisneededCthethingneededDfortheirneeds4、（）Readthetextasecondtimeandyouwillprobablyknowwhattheprinciple______ahovercraftworks.AisonthatBhasonwhichCisonwhichDonwhich5、（）Theway______hegiveshisperformancesisappreciatedbyhisfans.Whichofthefollowingsiswrong?A/BwhichCinwhichDthat6、（）Myassistant,______carefullyreadthroughtheinstructionsbeforedoingtheexperiment,didnotgetsatisfactoryresults.AwhothoughtBevenwhoCwhohadDwhohaving7、（）Inthedarkstreets,therewasnotasingleperson______shecouldturnforhelp.AthatBwhoCfromwhomDtowhom8、（）Theneighbourhoodfactory,______workersareallwomen,turnsouttoysoffinequality.AthereBwhichCwhoseDwhen9、（）Heissuchanoutstandingleader______islovedbythepeoplethroughoutthecountry.AasBthatCwhichDwho10、（）Thecanopeneriseasytohandle,______isshowninthepicture.AasitBasCthatDsince11、（）Everythingwasquiteallright______oneday______shegotintotrouble.Anotuntil;whenBuntil;beforeCnotuntil;beforeDuntil;when12、（）Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace______,justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.AwhichBwhereCthereDwhat13、（）Theplanewasdelayed,______wasthattheweatherwasterrible.AthereasonwhyBthereasonforitCthereasonofitDthereasonforwhich14、（）Donotletthechildwhois______swiminrivers.AnotoldenoughBtooyoungtoCnotoldenoughtoDyoungenoughto15、（）Ithinkyouhavegottothepoint______,achangeisneeded,otherwiseyouwillfail.AwhenBthatCwhereDwhich三、堅固練習(xí)1、（）Isthisuniversity______theypaidavisittolastmonth?AwhichBwhereCtheoneDwhichyou2、（）Iwillneverforgetthedays______wespenttogetherinthevillage.A/BwhenCwhatDhow3、（）______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolsisincreasing.AWhichBAsCThatDIt4、（）Iwaslateforschoolthismorningbecauseofthetrafficjam______Iwascaught.AwhichBwhereCinwhichDwhen5、（）Haseverything______canbedone______done?A/;/B/;beenCthat;beenDthat;be6、（）Canyoufindmesomething______?AtoopenthetinBthatIcanopenthetinCIcanopenthetinwithDbywhichtoopenthetin7、（）Waterdissolvesapartofnearlyeverything______itcomesincontact.AwhereBwith