2013年6月六級(jí)真題第3套

2013年6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試試卷（第3套）及答PartIWriting(30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark"Asistheshortestdistancebetweentwopeople."Youcanciteexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.1PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationintheNormanBorlaug:：“FatheroftheGreenFewpeoplehavequietlychangedtheworldforthebettermorethanthisruralladfromthemidwesternstateofIowaintheUnitedStates.ThemaninfocusisNormanBorlaug,theFatherofthe'GreenRevolution',whodiedonSeptember12,2009atage95.NormanBorlaugspentmostofhis60workingyearsinthefarmlandsofMexico,SouthAsiaandlaterinAfrica,fightingworldhunger,andsavingbysomeestimatesuptoabillionlivesintheprocess.Anachievement,fitforaNobelPeacePrize.Early"I'maproductofthegreatdepression"ishowBorlaugdescribedhimself.Agreat-grandsonofNorwegianimmigrantstotheUnitedStates,Borlaugwasbornin1914andgrewuponasmallfarminthenortheasterncornerofIowainatowncalledCresco.Hisfamilyhada40-hectare(公頃)farmonwhichtheygrewwheat,maize(玉米)andhayandraisedpigsandcattle.Normanspentmostofhistimefromage7-17onthefarm,evenasheattendedaone-room,one-teacherschoolatNewOregoninHowardCounty.Borlaugdidn'thavemoneytogotocollege.ButthroughaGreatDepressioneraprogram,knownastheNationalYouthAdministration,BorlaugwasabletoenrollintheUniversityofMinnesotaatMinneapolistostudyforestry.HeexcelledinstudiesandreceivedhisPh.D.inplantpathology(病理學(xué))andgeneticsin1942.From1942to1944,BorlaugwasemployedasamicrobiologistatDuPontinWilmington.However,followingtheDecember7,1941attackonPearlHarbor,Borlaugtriedtojointhemilitary,butwasrejectedunderwartimelaborregulations.InIn1944,manyexpertswarnedofmassstarvationindevelonationswherepopulationswereexpandingfasterthancropproduction.BorlaugbeganworkataFoundation-fundedprojectinMexicotoincreasewheatproductionbydevelohigher-yieldingvarietiesofthecrop.Itinvolvedresearchingenetics,plantbreeding,plantpathology,entomology(昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)agronomy農(nóng)藝學(xué)soilscienceandcerealtechnologyThegoaloftheprojectwastoboostwheatproductioninMexico,whichatthetimewasimportingalargeportionofitsgrain.BorlaugsaidthathisfirstcoupleofyearsinMexicowasdifficult.Helackedtrainedscientistsandequipment.Nativefarmerswerehostiletowardsthewheatprogrambecauseofseriouscroplossesfrom1939to1941duetostemrust.WheatvarietiesthatBorlaugworkedwithhadtall,thinstalks.Whiletallerwheatcompetedbetterforsunlight,theyhadatendencytocollapseundertheweightofextragrain-atraitcalledlodging.To ethis,Borlaugworkedonbreedingwheatwithshorterandstrongerstalks,whichcouldholdonlargerseedheads.Borlaug'snewsemi-dwarf,disease-resistantvarieties,calledPitic62andPenjamo62,changedthepotentialyieldofMexicanwheatdramatically.By1963wheatproductioninMexicostoodsixtimesmorethanthatof1944.GreenRevolutionDuringthe1960s,SouthAsiaexperiencedseveredroughtconditionand hadbeenimportingwheatonalargescalefromtheUnitedStates.Borlaugcametoin1963alongwithDr.RobertAndersontoduplicatehisMexicansuccessinthesub-continent.Theexperimentsbeganwithplantingafewofthehigh-yieldingvarietystrainsinthefieldsofthenAgriculturalResearchInstituteatPusainNewDelhi,underthesupervisionofDr.M.S.Swaminathan.ThesestrainsweresubsequentlyplantedintestplotsatLudhiana,Pantnagar,Kanpur,PuneandIndore.Theresultswerepromising,butlarge-scalesuccess,however,wasnotinstant.CulturaloppositiontonewagriculturaltechniquesinitiallypreventedBorlaugfromgoingaheadwithplantingofnewwheatstrainsin.By1965,whenthedroughtsituationturnedalarming,theernmenttooktheleadandallowedwheatrevolutiontomoveforward.ByemployingagriculturaltechniqueshedevelopedinMexico,BorlaugwasabletonearlydoubleSouthAsianwheatharvestsbetween1965and1970.subsequentlymadeahugecommitmenttoMexicanwheat,importingsome18000tonnesofseed.By1968,itwasclearthatthenwheatharvestwasnothingshortofrevolutionary.Itwassoproductivethattherewasashortageoflabortoharvestit,ofbullcartstohaulittothethreshingfloor(打谷場(chǎng)),ofjute(麻黃)bagstostoreit.Localernmentsinsomeareaswereforcedtoshutdownschoolstemporarilytousethemasstorehouses.UnitedNation'sFoodandAgricultureOrganizationFAO)observedthatin40yearsbetween1961and2001,"morethandoubleditspopulation,from452milliontomorethan1billion.Atthesametime,itnearlytripleditsgrainproductionfrom87milliontonnesto231milliontonnes.It plishedthisfeatwhileincreasingcultivatedgrainacreage(土地面積)amere8percent."ItwasinthatNormanBorlaug'sworkwasdescribedasthe'GreenRevolution.'InAfricasufferedwidespreadhungerandstarvationthroughthe70sand80s.Foodandaidpouredinfrommostdevelopedcountriesintothecontinent,butthankstotheabsenceofefficientdistributionsystem,thehungryremainedempty-stomach.ThethenChairmanoftheNipponFoundation,RyoichiSasakawawonderedwhythemethodsusedinMexicoandwerenotextendedtoAfrica.HecalledupNormanBorlaug.nowleadingasemi-retiredlife,forhelp.HemanagedtoconvinceBorlaugtohelpwithhisneweffortandsubsequentlyfoundedtheSasakawaAfricaAssociation.Borlauglaterrecalled,"butafterIsawtheterriblecircumstancesthere,Isaid,'Let'sjuststartgrowing'".ThesuccessinAfricawasnotasspectacularasitwasin orMexico.ThoseelementsthatallowedBorlaug'sprojectstosucceed,suchaswell-organizedeconomiesandtransportationandirrigationsystems,wereseverelylackingthroughoutAfrica.Becauseofthis,Borlaug'sinitialprojectswererestrictedtodevelopedregionsofthecontinent.Nevertheless,yieldsofmaize,sorghum(高粱)andwheatdoubledbetween1983and1985.NobelForhiscontributionstotheworldfoodsupply,BorlaugwasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1970.NorwegianofficialsnotifiedhiswifeinMexicoCityat4:00a.m.,butBorlaughadalreadyleftforthetestfieldsintheTolucavalley,about65kmwestofMexicoCity.Achauffeur()tookhertothefieldstoinformherhusband.Inhisacceptancespeech,Borlaugsaid,"thefirstessentialcomponentofsocialjusticeisadequatefoodforallmankind.Foodisthemoralrightofallwhoarebornintothisworld.Yet,50percentoftheworldpopulationgoeshungry."GreenRevolutionvsBorlaug'sadvocacyofintensivehigh-yieldagriculturecameunderseverecriticismfromenvironmentalistsinrecentyears.Hisworkfacedenvironmentalandsocio-economiccriticisms,includingchargesthathismethodshavecreateddependenceonmonoculturecrops,unsustainablefarmingpractices,heavyindebtednessamongsubsistencefarmers,andhighlevelsofcanceramongthosewhoworkwithagriculturechemicals.Therearealsoconcernsaboutthelong-termsustainabilityoffarmingpracticesencouragedbytheGreenRevolutioninboththedevelopedandthedeveloworld.In,theGreenRevolutionisblamedforthedestructionofncropdiversity,droughtvulnerability,dependenceonagro-chemicalsthatpoisonsoilsbutreaplarge-scalebenefitsmostlytotheAmericanmulti-nationalcorporations.Whatthesecriticsoverwhelminglyadvocateisaglobalmovementtowards"organic"or"sustainable"farmingpracticesthatavoidusingchemicalsandhightechnologyinfavorofnaturalfertilizers,cultivationandpest-controlprograms.NormanBorlaugwonaNobelPrizefor hisremarkableachievementsinplanthisspectacularcontributiontosafeguardingworldhisgreatsuccessinraisingAfrica'sfoodhisenduringeffortsincombatingworldHowdidBorlaug'swheatprogramgoduringhisfirstcoupleofyearsinItmetwithItwaswellItachievedunexpectedItsucceededthoughwithWhatcharacterizedBorlaug'sPitic62andPenjamoSuperiorabilitytobreednewhigh-yieldingShortandstrongstems toTallandthinstemsandextremelylargeseedTendencytocollapseunderthe;weightofextraWhatinitiallypreventedBorlaugfromachievinglarge-scalesuccess Farmers'rejectionofhisplantingThepersistentdroughtthroughouttheDifficultyinimportinghigh-yieldingwheatThelocalernment'sslownessintakingAccordingtoUnitedNation'sFoodandAgricultureOrganization,in40yearsbetween1961and 'sgrainproduction almostwentupby8increasednearlythreerosefrom452millionto1billionBorlaug'ssuccessinAfricawasnotasspectacularas orMexicobecause thelocalfarmerswereuneducatedandAfrica'sclimateconditionswereveryhisprojectinAfricawasnotproperlyAfricalackedthenecessarysupportingWhatdidBorlaugemphasizeinhisNobelPrizeacceptanceAbundanceoffoodsupplywillcontributetoworldpeaceandTheGreenRevolutionwillprovideadequatefoodforallAdequatefoodforallmankindisessentialinensuringsocialWithouttheGreenRevolutionhalfoftheworldpopulationwouldInrecentyearsBorlaug'sGreenRevolution InbothdevelopedanddevelocountriesthereareconcernswhetherinthelongrunBorlaug'sfarmingpracticeswillbe In,criticsattributethedestructionofncropdiversityto PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestion,therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.2Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)ItwillmainlybenefittheItwillstimulatebusinessItwill ernmentItwillcutthestockholders'A)Shedoesn'tthinkmuchofjob-hopShewillsticktothejobifthepayisSheprefersalifeofcontinuedShewilldoherbestifthejobis A)TalkthedruguseroutoftheStopthinkingabouttheKeephisdistancefromdrugBemorefriendlytohisA)TheAuntTheTheA)MovetoanotherStayawayforacoupleofCheckthelockseverytwoLookaftertheJohnsons'A)Hedidn'twanttomisstheHewouldliketowarmupfortheHedidn'twanttobeheldupinHewantedtocatchasmanygamebirdsasA)ItwasburnedItwasclosedItwasItwasblownA)ShestudiesinthesameschoolasherSheisn'tgoingtoworkinherbrother'sSheisn'tgoingtochangeherSheplanstomajorintaxQuestions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)CurrentissuesinChoicesfacedbyArecentbiologyTopicsforaresearchA)AscarcityofjobsintheirInadequatetraininginmethodsofbiologicalDifficultiesinclassifyingallofthevarietiesofAlackoffundingfortheirworkwithendangeredA)IthasnumeroustraitsincommonwiththespottedItspopulationisincreasinginrecentItmaynotsurvivewithoutspecialeffortsofItsroleinthechainofevolutionhasnotyetbeenQuestions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)TraininggiventomusictheHowmusicpreventsStudiesonthebenefitsofHowmusicianscreateA)InplaceofphysicalTocontrolbrainTopreventheartTorelieveA)TheyliketohavemusicintheoperatingTheysolvedproblemsbetterwhilelisteningtomusictheyTheypreferredclassicalTheyperformedbetterwhentheyusedA)Itincreasedthestudents'whitebloodItincreasedsomestudents'energyItimprovedthestudents'abilitytoplaymusicalItreleasedanaturalpainkillerinsomestudents'SectionDirectionsInthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestion.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.2PassageQuestions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustA)ShewasboredwithheridlelifeatShewasofferedagoodjobbyherShewantedtohelpwiththefamily'sHerfamilywouldliketoseehermoreinvolvedinsocialA)ngLookingafterherneighbor'sReadingpapersandwatchingTakinggoodcareofherA)JanegotangryatBill'sidleBillfailedtoadapttothenewBillblamedJaneforneglectingtheThechildrenwerenottakengoodcareA)NeighborsshouldhelpeachWomenshouldhavetheirownManandwifeshouldsharehouseholdParentsshouldtakegoodcareoftheirPassageQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TopredictnaturaldisastersthatcancausevastTolimitthedestructionthatnaturaldisastersmayTogainfinancialsupportfromtheUnitedToproposemeasurestoholdbacknaturalA)ThereisstillalongwaytogobeforemancancontrolnaturalInternationalcooperationcanminimizethedestructiveforceofnaturalTechnologycanhelpreducethedamagenaturaldisastersmayScientistscansuccessfullypredictA)TherewerefatalmistakesinitsThebuilderdidn'tobservethebuildingcodesoftheThetrafficloadwentitsItwasbuiltaccordingtolessstrictearthquakePassageQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)ByjudgingtowhatextenttheycaneliminatetheByestimatingthepossiblelossoflivesandByestimatingthefrequencyofvolcanicByjudgingthepossiblerisksagainstthelikelyA)OneofEtna'srecenteruptionsmademanypeoplemoveEtna'sfrequenteruptionshaveruinedmostofthelocalEtna'seruptionsarefrequentbutusuallyTherearesignsthatEtnawilleruptagaininthenearA)TheywillremainwheretheyTheywillleavethisareaTheywillturntoexpertsforTheywillseekshelterinnearbySectionDirections：Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.2CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanscapturetheirdevotiontoindividualism:"Doyourownthing.""Ididitmyway.""You'llhavetodecidethatforyourself.""Youmadeyourbed,now(36) init.""Ifyoudon'tlookoutforyourself,nooneelsewill.""Lookoutfornumberone."Closely(37) withthevaluetheyplaceonindividualismistheimportanceAmericans(38) toprivacy.Americansassumethatpeople"needsometimetothemselves"or"sometimealone"tothinkaboutthingsorrecovertheir(39) psychologicalenergy.Americanshavegreat(40) understandingforeignerswhoalwayswanttobewithanother ,who(41) beingalone.Iftheparentscan(42) it,eachchildwillhavehisorherownbedroom.Havingownbedroom,evenasan(43) ,fixesin thenotionthat .Shewillhaveherclothes,hertoys,herbooks,andsoon.Thesethingswillbehersandnooneelse's.Americansassumethat(45) .Doctors,lawyers,psychiatrists,andothershaveruleserning"ity"thatareintendedtopreventinformationabouttheirclients'alsituationsfrom ingknowntoothers.Americans'attitudesaboutprivacycanbehardforforeignerstounderstand. .Whenthoseboundariesarccrossed,anAmerican'sbodywillvisiblystiffenandhismannerwill ecoolandaloof.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsor statements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheetQuestions47to51arebasedonthefollowingHighlyproficientmusicianshipishardwon.Althoughit'softenassumedmusicalabilityisinherited,there'sabundantevidencethatthisisn'tthecase.WhileitseemsthatatbirthvirtuallyeveryonehasperfectpitchthereasonsthatonechildisbetterthananotheraremotivationandHighlymusicalchildrenweresungtomoreasinfantsandmoreencouragedtojoininsonggamesaskidsthanlessmusicalones,longbeforeanymusicalabilitycouldhavebeenevident.Studiesofclassicalmusiciansprovethatthebestonespracticedconsiderablymorefromchildhoodonwardsthanordinaryorchestralplayers,andthisisbecausetheirparentsencouragedthemtoputinthehoursfromaveryyoungage.Thesamewastrueofchildrenselectedforentrytospecialistmusicschools,comparedwiththosewhowererejected.Thechosenchildrenhadparentswhohadveryactivelysupervisedmusiclessonsanddailypracticefromyoungages,givingupsubstantialperiodsofleisuretimetotakethechildrentolessonsandconcerts.ThesingerMichaelJackson'sstory,althoughunusuallybrutalandextreme,isilluminatingwhenconsideringmusicalprodigy(天才).Accountssuggestthathewassubjectedtocruelbeatingsandemotionaltorture,andthathewashumiliated(羞辱)constantlybyhisfather.WhatsetsJackson'sfamilyapartisthathisfatherusedhisreignofterrortotrainhischildrenasmusiciansanddancers.Ontopofhisextraability,Michaelalsohadmoredrive.Thismayhavebeentheresultofbeingtheclosestofhisbrothersandsisterstohismother."Heseemeddifferenttomefromtheotherchildren-special,"Michael'smothersaidofhim.Shemaynothaverealizedthattreatinghersonasspecialmayhavebeenpartofthereasonhebecamelikethat.Allinall,ifyouwanttobringupaMozartorBach,thekeyfactorishowhardyouarepreparedtocrackthewhip.Thankfully,mostofuswillprobablysettleforabitoffunontherecorderandsomeill-executedpiecesofmusiconthepianofromourchildren.2Accordingtotheauthor,achild'smusicalabilityhasmuchtodowiththeir Inordertodevelopthemusicalabilityoftheirchildren,manyparentswill panythemduringtheirpractice,sacrificingalotoftheirown Becauseoftheirfather'spressureandstricttraining,MichaelJacksonandsomeofhisbrothersandsisterseventuallybecame Michael'sextradriveformusicwaspartlyduetothefactthathewas byhisTobringupagreatmusicianlikeMozartorBach,willingnesstobestrictwithyourchild SectionDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageQuestions52to56arebasedonthefollowingIn2011,manyshopperschosetoavoidthefranticcrowdsanddotheirholidayshopfromthecomfortoftheircomputer.Salesatonlineretailersgainedbymorethan15%,makingitthebiggestseasonever.Butpeoplearealsoreturningthosepurchasesatrecordrates,up8%fromlastWhatwentwrong?Isthelingeringshadowoftheglobalfinancialcrisismakingithardertoacceptextravagantindulgences?Orthatpeopleshopmoreimpulsively-andthereforemakebaddecisions-whenonline?Bothargumentsareplausible.However,thereisathirdfactor:aquestionoftouch.Wecanlovethelookbut,inanonlineenvironment,wecannotfeelthequalityofatexture,theshapeofthefit,thefallofafoldor,forthatmatter,theweightofanearring.Andphysicallyinteractingwithanobjectmakesyoumorecommittedtoyourpurchase.WhenmymostrecentbookBrandwashedwasreleased,Iteamedupwithalocalbookstoretoconductanexperimentaboutthedifferencesbetweentheonlineandofflineshopexperience.Icarefullyinstructedagroupofvolunteerstopromotemybookintwodifferentways.Thefirstwasafairlyhands-offapproach.Wheneveracustomerwouldinquireaboutmybook,thevolunteerwouldtakethemovertotheshelfandpointtoit.Outof20suchrequests,sixcustomersproceededwiththepurchase.Thesecondoptionalsoinvolvedgoingovertotheshelfbut,thistime,removingthebookandthensubtlyholdingontoitforjustanextramomentbeforeplacingitinthecustomer'shands.Ofthe20peoplewhowerehandedthebook.13endedupbuyingit.Justphysicallypassingthebookshowedabigdifferenceinsales.Why?Wefeelsomethingsimilartoasenseofownershipwhenweholdthingsinourhand.That'swhyweestablishorreestablishconnectionbygreetingstrangersandfriendswithahandshake.Inthiscase,havingtothenletgoofthebookafterholdingitmightgenerateasubtlesenseofloss,andmotivateustomakethepurchaseevenmore.Arecentstudyalsorevealedthepoweroftouch,inthiscasewhenitcametoconventionalmail.Adeeperandlonger-lastingimpressionofamessagewasformedwhendeliveredinaletter,asopposedtoreceivingthesamemessageonline.Brainimagingshowedthat,ontouchingthepaper,theemotionalcenterofthebrainwasactivated,thusformingastrongerbond.Thestudyalsoindicatedthatoncetouch espartoftheprocess,itcouldtranslateintoasenseofpossession.Thissenseofownershipissimplynotpartoftheequationintheonlineshop2WhydopeopleprefershoponlineaccordingtotheItismorecomfortableandItsavesthemalotofmoneyandItoffersthemalotmoreoptionsandItgivesthemmoretimetothinkabouttheirWhydomorecustomersreturntheirpurchasesboughtTheyregrettedindulgingincostlyitemsintheTheychangedtheirmindbythetimethegoodswereTheyhadnochancetotouchthemwhenshopTheylaterfoundthequalityofgoodsbelowtheirWhatisthepurposeoftheauthor'sTotesthishypothesisaboutonlineshopTofindoutpeople'sreactiontohisrecentTofindwaystoincreasethesaleofhisnewTotrydifferentapproachestosalesHowmightpeoplefeelafterlettinggoofsomethingtheyAsenseofMoremotivatedtoownAsubtlelossofLesssensitivetoitsWhatdoesbrainimaginginarecentstudyConventionalletterscontainsubtleAlackoftouchisthechiefobstacle E-maillacksthepotentialtoactivatethePhysicaltouchhelpsformasenseofPassageQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingApparentlyeveryoneknowsthatglobalwarmingonlymakesclimatemoreextreme.Ahot,drysummerhastriggeredanotherfloodofsuchclaims.And,whilemanyinterestsareatwork,oneoftheplayersthatbenefitsthemostfromthisstoryarethemedia:thenotionof"extreme"climatesimplymakesformorecompellingnews.ConsiderPaulKrugman,writingbreathlesslyintheNewYorkTimesaboutthe"risingincidenceofextremeevents."HeclaimsthatglobalwarmingcausedthecurrentdroughtinAmerica'sMidwest,andthatsupposedlyrecord-highcornpricescouldcauseaglobalfoodcrisis.ButtheUnitedNationsclimatepanel'slatestassessmentlsuspreciselytheopposite:For"NorthAmerica,thereismediumconfidencethattherehasanoverallslighttendencytowardlessdryness."Moreover,thereisnowaythatKrugmancouldhaveidentifiedthisdroughtasbeingcausedbyglobalwarmingwithoutatimemachine:Climatemodelsestimatethatsuchdetectionwillbepossibleby2048,attheAnd,fortunaythisyear'sdroughtappearsunlikelytocauseafoodcrisisasglobalriceandwheatsremainplentiful.Moreover,Krugmanoverlooksinflation:Priceshaveincreasedsix-foldsince1969,so,whilecornfutures()didsetarecordofabout$8perbushel(蒲式耳)inlateJuly,theinflation-adjustedpriceofcornwashigherthroughoutmostofthe1970s,reaching$16inFinally,Krugmanconvenientlyforgetsthatconcernsaboutglobalwarmingarethemainreasonthatcornpriceshaveskyrocketedsince2005.Nowadays40percentofcorngrownintheUnitedStatesisusedtoproduceethanol(乙醇),whichdoesabsoluynothingfortheclimate,butcertainlydistortsthepriceofcorn-attheexpenseofmanyoftheworld'spoorestpeople.BillMckibbensimilarlyworriesinTheGuardianabouttheMidwestdroughtandcornprices.HeconfidentlylsusthatragingwildfiresfromNewMexicoandColoradotoSiberiaare"exactly"whattheearlystagesofglobalwarminglooklike.Infact,thelatestoverviewofglobalwildfireincidencesuggeststhatfireintensityhasdeclinedoverthepast70yearsandisnowclosetoitspreindustriallevel.Whenwell-meaningnerswantustopayattentiontoglobalwarming,theyoftenenduppitchingthefacts.And,whilethismayseemjustifiedbyanoblegoal,such"policybypanic"tacticsrarelywork,andoftenbackfire.Rememberhow,inthewakeofHurricaneKatrinain2005,A1Goreclaimedthatwewereinstoreforevermoredestructivehurricanes?Sincethen,hurricaneincidencehasdroppedoffthecharts.Exaggeratedclaimsmerelyfuelpublicdistrustanddisengagement.Thatisunfortunate,becauseglobalwarmingisarealproblem,andwedoneedtoaddress2InwhatwaydothemediabenefitfromextremeTheycanattractpeople'sattentiontotheirTheycanchoosefromagreatervarietyofTheycanmakethemselvesbetterTheycangivevoicetodifferent Whatistheauthor'scommentonKrugman'sclaimaboutthecurrentdroughtinAmerica'sAtimemachineisneededtotestifytoitsItisbasedonanerroneousclimateItwilleventuallygetproofinThereisnowaytoproveitsWhatisthechiefreasonfortheriseincornpricesaccordingtotheDemandforfoodhasbeenrisinginthedeveloAconsiderableportionofcornisusedtoproducegreenClimatechangehascausedcornyieldstodropInflationrateshavebeenskyrocketingsincetheWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutglobalwildfireincidenceoverthepast70IthasgotworsewiththeriseinextremeItsignalstheearlystagesofglobalIthasdroppedItisrelatedtoWhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheexaggeratedclaimsinthemediaaboutglobalTheyarestrategiestoraisepublicTheydoadisservicetoaddressingtheTheyaggravatepublicdistrustaboutTheycreateconfusionaboutclimatePartVCloze(15Directions：Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.2Whenmymother'shealthwasfailing,Iwasthe"bad"sisterwholivedfarawayandwasn'tinvolved.Mysisterhelpedmyparents.Sheneveraskedmetodoanything,andIdidn't.62Iwaswidowed,raisingkidsandworking,butthatwasn'treally63Ikepttoweeklycallsandshortinfrequentvisits.Iwas64_inmyadolescentroleasthealoof(超脫的)defendingmyself 65 myjudgmentalmotherandotherfamilycraziness.Asalways,turnedadeafeartomysister's66aboutmynotbeingaroundmoreandoftendidn'thearherrisingdesperation.Itwasn'tuntilmymom's67,watchingmydadandsister68toeachotherandweep,thatIgota69oftheirlongpainfulexperience-andhowbadlyI'dMysisterwassofurious,she70_spoketomeduringmyfather'slastyears.Tobehonest,I'mnotaterrible .SohowdidIgetitso71?Wehearalotaboutthe72oftakingcareofourgrayingpopulation.Butthebigstorybeneaththesurfaceisthepsychologicalcrisisamongmiddle-agedsiblings(兄弟姐妹)whoarefighting73issuesinvolvingtheiragin