高中英語人教版（2019）必修第一冊定語從句要點復習課件

定語從句概述形容詞做定語與從句做定語比較我不喜歡懶人。Idon’tlikelazypeople.我不喜歡不守信用的人。Idon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirword.總結：形容詞做定語，放在被修飾名詞前面；完整的句子做定語，要放在被修飾的名詞后面。定語從句的兩個重要概念一先行詞被定語從句所修飾的對象稱為先行詞。Idon’tlikepeoplewhoneverkeeptheirword.二關系詞：重復指代先行詞，起到連接從句和主句的關系，并且在定語從句中充當一定的成分的連接詞稱為關系詞。請找出定語從句，并指明先行詞和關系詞。I

likeguyswhoaren’ttooseriousandwhohaveagoodsenseofhumor.Iamtalkingaboutfriendswhoyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.關系詞在定語從句中充當?shù)某煞株P系詞的功能之一就是重復指代先行詞并且在從句中充當成分。接下來從兩個角度來談定語從句：一是關系詞在從句中能充當?shù)母鞣N不同的成分；二是關系詞和先行詞的對應關系，也就是不同的先行詞要用不同的關系詞來指代。關系詞用作從句的主語Thewomanisafamousdancerandshelivesnextdoor.Thewomanisafamousdancerwho(=andshe)livesnextdoor.Who既取代了代詞she，也取代了連詞and。who具有了代詞和連詞的作用。另外，定語從句一般要緊跟在它所修飾的名詞之后。這個句子可以進一步改進成：Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisafamousdancer.(who在從句中作主語）Ilikeguysandtheyhaveagoodsenseofhumor.Ilikeguyswhohaveagoodsenseofhumor.總結三點：1.關系代詞who代替了人稱代詞(she,they)之后，定語從句中就不能保留這些代詞了。不能說：Ilikeguyswhotheyhaveagoodsenseofhumor.2.定語從句可以修飾主句中的任何一個名詞。我們要關注關系詞在定語從句中充當?shù)某煞?。Thewoman

who

livesnextdoorisafamousdancer.Ilikeguys

who

haveagoodsenseofhumor.3.定語從句的謂語動詞形式是由關系詞所指代的先行詞來決定的，而不取決于關系詞本身。關系詞用作從句中動詞的賓語I’dreallyliketofindafriendandIcantrusthimcompletely.I’dreallyliketofindafriendIcantrustwho(=andhim)completely.關系詞要放在從句開頭I’dreallyliketofindafriendwhoIcantrustcompletely.Who在從句中作trust的賓語。（改錯題會在trust后面加上him)關系詞在從句中用作介詞的賓語。Iamtalkingaboutfriendsandyoucansharealmosteverythingwiththem.Iamtalkingaboutfriendsyoucansharealmosteverythingwithwho.Iamtalkingaboutfriendswhoyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.

作賓語的關系詞可以省略。前面的例子中看到，關系詞在定語從句中做主語和賓語的情況(動詞的賓語，介詞的賓語).英語中有這樣的習慣：做賓語的關系詞可以省略，不論是動詞賓語還是介詞賓語。I’dreallyliketofindafriendIcantrustcompletely.Iamtalkingaboutfriendsyoucanshareeverythingwith.改錯HeisthemanwhoheisteachingusEnglish.I’dreallyliketofindafriendIcansharealmosteverythingwithhim.關系詞與主句中先行詞之間的搭配關系關系詞可以分為兩大類。關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞包括：who,whom,which,that,whose,這些詞起著代詞的作用，在定語從句中充當主語，賓語(但whose作定語).關系副詞包括：when,where,why,這些詞起副詞作用，在從句中充當狀語（不做主語和賓語）。先行詞指“人”，用關系代詞who或whom。兩者區(qū)別：Who的前面不能與介詞搭配使用。Who是主格形式，所以在介詞的后面不能用who,不能說withwho,只能說withwhom.Iamtalkingaboutfriendswhoyoucansharealmosteverythingwith.Iamtalkingaboutfriendswithwhom(who是不對的)youcansharealmosteverything.2.Whom在定語從句中不能作主語，但可以作賓語和表語。Arichpersonisnotonewhohasthemost,butisonewhoneedstheleast.Who

可以在從句在作主語，也可以替代whom作賓語和表語，但不能放在介詞后.而因為whom

是賓格形式，所以不能做主語。Whose表示所有關系，作用如同物主代詞my,your,her,his,their,our一樣，whose的后面要加上名詞。Whose既可以指人，也可以指物?！皐hose+名詞”在從句中可作主語，動詞的賓語，介詞的賓語。Iknowafriend.Hisbrotherisapopsinger.Iknowafriendwhosebrotherisapopsinger.Thesechildrensitinaclassroom.Itswindowsareallbroken.Thesechildrensitinaclassroomwhosewindowsareallbroken.Itwasameeting.Ididn’trealizetheitsimportanceatthetime.ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceI

didn’trealizeatthetime.Atlaswasakneelingmanonwhoseshouldertheworldrested.先行詞which的造句結構完全類似于前面的who,比如which可以作從句的主語或賓語，只不過which的先行詞是物。Angerisawind.Itblowsoutthelampofthemind.Angerisawind

whichblowsoutthelampofthemind.關系詞which所指代的先行詞比較復雜，它除了可以指單個名詞以外，還可以指代短語甚至是從句。Helikesclimbingmountains,whichisagoodexercise.Tomwaslate.Thatsurprisedme.Tomwaslate,whichsurprisedme.Ibecameasinglemotherovernight,whichisnothinglikebecomingfamousovernight.關系代詞that的意義和用法主要有以下三點。一是that既可以指“人”，也可以指“物”（指物的時候可以替換which，指人的時候可以替換who).二是that不用再非限制性定語從句中。三是that不能用于介詞的后面(同who一樣)。Toomanypeoplespendmoneythattheyhaven’tearned,tobuythingsthattheydon’twant,toimpresspeoplethattheydon’tlike.1.當現(xiàn)行詞同時出現(xiàn)“人”和“物”的時候，用that.Thewriterandhisnovelsthatthearticledealswitharequitefamiliartous.2.當先行詞是指“物”的all,little,few,much,none,thefirst時，用that.All

thatglittersisnotgold.Thebookscontainlittle

thatisuseful.Thereisnotmuch

thatcanbedone.3.當先行詞是不定代詞something,anything,nothing和everything的時候，一般用that。Iwouldmuchratherreceivesomethingthatmademelaugh,orfitmypersonalitythansomethingthatcostalotbutthatIwilljustthrowinmyclosetandforgetabout.4現(xiàn)行詞被any,all,every,no,some,much,few,little,序數(shù)詞，形容詞最高級，theonly,thevery,theright,thelast等成分修飾的時候，用that.Tellusallthingsthatyouknow.Thereisnodifficultythattheycan’tovercome.Theonlythingthatweshoulddoisfindourwayhome.Heistheonlymanthatcanspeak4foreignlanguages.5.That不能用在介詞之后。Theworldinwhichweliveismadeupofmatter.Theworldwhichweliveinismadeupofmatter.Theworldthatweliveinismadeupofmatter.錯誤說法：Theworldinthatweliveismadeupofmatter.改錯Ienjoythemusicthatwearelisteningtoit.Thepeoplewhichlivenexttomearefriendly.TheairlinehasabookletwhowilltellyoumostoftheimportantthingsaboutatriptoEurope.Imetawomenwhoherhusbandisalawyer.關系副詞的用法When,where,why在從句中分別作時間狀語，地點狀語和原因狀語。when的用法可以引導限制性和非限制性定語從句，其先行詞必須是表示時間的名詞：day,year,time等。IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetyou.Myfavoriteseasonisspring,whentheearthseemsbornagain.如果定語從句缺少的不是狀語，而是缺少主語或賓語，那么即使先行詞