X年人教新目標(biāo)八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)第十單元全單元課

Unit10I’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.SectionA1a-2dDoyouknow?1aLookatthethingsattheyardsale.Doyouhaveanyofthesethingsathome?Howlonghaveyouhadthem?LanguageGoal:Talkaboutpossessionsandthingsaroundyou.1bListenandcheck(?)thefactsyouhear.____Jeff’’sfamilyishavingayardsale.____Amythinksitshardtosellheroldthings.____ Jeffhashadhisbikeformorethan10years.____Amywantstokeepheroldthingsbecausetheybringbacksweetmemories.____Youcanalsogiveoldthingsawaytopeopleinneed.???Amy：Youhavesomegreatthingsatthisyardsale,Jeff.Jeff：Thanks,Amy.Ourfamilyhascollectedsomanythingsovertheyears,butwedon’tusethemanymore.Amy:Butisn’tithardtosellsomeofyourthings?TherearemanythingsI’vehadsinceIwasachild.Idon’tthinkIcouldsellthem.Jeff:Yes,itshardtosaygoodbyetocertainthings.Amy:Bytheway,howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?TapescriptsJeff:I’vehaditforthreeyears!Ilearnedhowtorideabikeonit.Amy:Oldthingsreallybringbacksweetmemories.Butit’struethatwemayneverusesomeofthesethingsagain.Jeff:Yes,likeoldtoysorbooksyou’vealreadyread.Youcansellthose,oryoucanalsogivethemawaytokidsorpeoplewhoneedthem.Amy:Oh!Howmuchisthisbook?Jeff：Youcanhaveitfor75cents.1cPracticetheconversation.Thenmakeconversationsaboutotherthingsinthepictureabove.A:Thisisareallyoldbook.B:Yes,I’vehaditforsevenyears.I’vereaditthreetimes.A:Whyareyousellingit?B:BecauseIdon’treaditanymore.A:Howmuchisit?B:Youcanhaveitfor75cents.2aListenandcheck(?)thethingsAmy'sfamilyaregivingawayandcirclethethingstheyarekeeping.bookmagazinetoybeartoyliontoytigerbreadmakersweaterdresshatscarf??????2bListenagainandfillintheblanks.Amyhashadherfavorite_____forthreeyears.2.Amyhashadthetoy______sinceshewasa_______.3.Amy’smomhashadtheoldbreadmakerformorethan______years,4.Amycangiveawaythe_______and______becausetheydonotfitheranymore.bookbearababytensweaterdressMom:Letslookthroughthisboxofoldthingsanddecidewhattogiveaway.Amy：IthinkIwanttokeepthisbook.I’’vehaditforthreeyears.EventhoughI’vealreadyreadittwice,it’’sstillmyfavoritebook.Butwecangiveawaythemagazine.Mom:Whataboutthesesofttoys?Amy:IwanttokeepthebearbecauseI’vehaditsinceIwasababy.IthasspecialmeaningtomebecauseGrandmagaveittome.TapescriptsI’llgiveawaythelionandtiger.Mom:OK.Andthisoldbreadmakerofminecango,too.I’vehaditformorethan10years.AuntTaylorboughtanewoneformelastweek.Amy:That’sgreat.Wecanstillhavehomemadebread.AndIcangiveawaythissweateranddress,too.Theydon’tfitmeanymore.ButIwanttokeepthehatandscarfforiceskating.Mom:Great.Youcantakethesethingstothechildren’shometomorrowthen.A:Amy,canwegiveawaythesesofttoys?B:Mom,Iwanttokeepthebear.A:Why?It’’ssoold.B:BecauseI’vehaditsinceIwasababy.2cStudentAisAmy'smom.StudentBisAmy.Makeconversations.2dRole-playtheconversation.Linda:WelcometotheSunshineHomeforChildren.I’mLinda.Amy:Hi,I’’mAmy.Ihavesomethingsforthekids.I’vehadthismagazineforacoupleofmonths.Thestoriesinsidemaybeabitold,buttheyrestillinteresting.Linda:Great!Manychildrenherelovereading.Amy:Andcheckoutthesesofttoysandboardgamesforyoungerkids.I’vehadthemsinceIwasachild.There’salsoasweaterandadress.Linda:Perfect!Wealwaysneedtoysandclothes.Amy:Onelastthingisabreadmaker.Mymomshaditforalongtimebutitstillworks.Linda:Thankssomuch!3aReadthearticlewrittenbyafatherforanewspaper.Whatishisfamilygoingtosellattheyardsale?Mychildrenaregrowingupfast.Mydaughteris16andmyboyisalreadyinjuniorhighschool.Astheygetbiggerourhouseseemstogetsmaller.Sowewanttosellsomeofourthingsinayardsaleandgivethemoneytoachildren’’shome.Wehavealreadyclearedoutalotofthingsfromourbedrooms.Wehavedecidedtoeachsellfivethingsthatwenolongeruse.Mysonwasquitesadatfirst.Althoughhehasnotplayedwithhisoldtoysforalongtime,hestillwantedtokeepthem.Forexample,hehasownedatrainandrailwaysetsincehisfourthbirthday,andheplayedwithitalmosteveryweekuntilhewasaboutseven.Andhedidnotwanttolosehistoymonkey,either.Hesleptnexttothemonkeyeverynightwhenhewasachild.Mydaughterwasmoreunderstanding,althoughshealsofeltsadtopartwithcertaintoys.Asforme,Ididnotwanttogiveupmyfootballshirts,but,tobehonest,Ihavenotplayedforawhilenow.Iamgettingolder,too!3bReadthearticleagainandanswerthequestions.1.Whydidtheydecidetohaveayardsale?2.Whatdotheywanttodowiththemoneyfromthesale?3.Whydoesthesonwanttokeephistrainandrailwayset?4.Howcantheoldtoysbeusefulagain?5.Haveyoueverthoughtabouthavingayardsaletosellyourthings?Whatwouldyoudowiththemoneyyouraise?Whydidtheydecidetohaveayardsale?2.Whatdotheywanttodowiththemoneyfromthesale?3.Whydoesthesonwanttokeephistrainandrailwayset?Astheirchildrengetbiggertheirhouseseemstogetsmaller.Theywanttogavethemoneytoachildren’’shome.Becausehehasownedthetrainandrailwaysetsincehisfourthbirthday,andheplayedwithitalmosteveryweekuntilhewasaboutseven.4.Howcantheoldtoysbeusefulagain?5.Haveyoueverthoughtabouthavingayardsaletosellyourthings?Whatwouldyoudowiththemoneyyouraise?Theycangiveawaytheoldtoystopeopleinneedorsellthemformoney.Students’’answers.3cFindthewordsorphrasesinthearticlewhichcanbereplacedwiththeonesbelowandwritethemnexttothewords.lose——________kids——________truthful——__________many——________sometime——________eventhough——_______quickly——______older——______partwithchildrentobehonestalotofforawhilealthoughfastbigger1.Lookatthethingsattheyardsale.yardsale庭院院舊舊貨貨出出售售這是是國(guó)國(guó)外外的的一一種種風(fēng)風(fēng)俗俗，，也也是是一一種種獨(dú)獨(dú)特特的的售售貨貨方方式式。。人人們們利利用用周周末末，，將將家家中中擱擱置置不不用用的的物物件件放放在在自自家家庭庭院院中中廉廉價(jià)價(jià)出出售售，，因而而被被稱(chēng)稱(chēng)作作yardsale，，也也可可譯譯作作“庭庭院院拍拍賣(mài)賣(mài)會(huì)會(huì)””。Languagepoints庭院院售售賣(mài)賣(mài)的的物物品品種種類(lèi)類(lèi)繁繁多多，，應(yīng)應(yīng)有有盡盡有有，，大大到到家家具具、、電電器器，，小小到到玩玩具具、、衣衣物物和和鞋鞋帽帽。。這這些些物物品品雖雖多多數(shù)數(shù)為為二二手手家家什什，，但但也也有有全全新新的的物物品品，，且且價(jià)價(jià)錢(qián)錢(qián)合合理理公公道道，，甚甚至至還還可可討討價(jià)價(jià)還還價(jià)價(jià)正正是是這這種種低低廉廉、、公公道道的的價(jià)價(jià)格格及及買(mǎi)買(mǎi)家家淘淘寶寶和和碰碰大大運(yùn)運(yùn)的的心心理理，，使使得得yardsale廣廣受受歡歡迎迎，，逐逐漸漸演演變變成成一一種種獨(dú)獨(dú)特特的的文文化化現(xiàn)現(xiàn)象象。。副詞anymore亦亦可寫(xiě)作作anymore，，常用于否否定句的的末尾，，意思是是“再（（不）；；(不）再””。not?????anymore相當(dāng)于not????anylonger，2.BecauseIdon’treaditanymore.因?yàn)槲也徊辉倏此?。例如：Youcanhaveit,forIdon’tneeditanymore.你可以以把它它拿走走，因因?yàn)槲椅也辉僭傩枰肆?。Thedoctortoldmenottoplaycomputergamesanymore.大夫叫我別別再玩電腦腦游戲了。。3.BecauseI’’vehaditsinceIwasababy.因?yàn)槲疫€是是個(gè)嬰兒的的時(shí)候就擁?yè)碛兴?。。since(自從……）常常引導(dǎo)短短語(yǔ)或從句句，用于現(xiàn)在完完成時(shí)的句句子中。since引出從句時(shí)時(shí)，從句中一般般使用過(guò)去去時(shí)。再如：I’vehadthesesofttoyssinceIwasachild.我還是個(gè)孩孩子的時(shí)候候就有這些些毛絨玩具具了。Sincethatunfortunateaccidentlastweek,Ihaven'tbeensleepingatallwell.自從從上上周周發(fā)發(fā)生生了了那那次次不不幸幸的的事事故故之之后后，，我我一一直直睡睡得得很很不不好好。。4.I’’vehadthismagazineforacoupleofmonths.這本雜雜志我我買(mǎi)了了幾幾個(gè)月月了了。1）acoupleof有兩種種意思思：其其一，，表示示具體的的數(shù)量量“兩兩個(gè)””，指兩兩個(gè)相相同的的人或或物體體；其其二，，表示示數(shù)量不不定的的“少少數(shù)幾幾個(gè)””，作這這種虛虛指的的用法法時(shí)，，具體體意思思往往往視上上下文文和和具體體的語(yǔ)語(yǔ)境而而決定定。例例如：：Youhavetowaitforacoupleofhoursfortheclothestodrycompletely.你得等等上一一兩兩個(gè)小小時(shí)讓讓這些些衣服服完全全干燥燥。Look!Thereareacoupleofboyswaitingforyouatthedoor.瞧!門(mén)門(mén)口口有兩兩三個(gè)個(gè)男孩孩正正在等等你。。2）介詞for也常常用在在現(xiàn)在在完成成時(shí)的的句子子中，，后面面引出出表示示時(shí)間間的詞詞或短短語(yǔ)，，說(shuō)明明某種種情情況已已經(jīng)持持續(xù)了了一段段時(shí)間間。再如：Jeffhashadhisbikeformorethan10years.杰夫已經(jīng)經(jīng)擁有他他的自行行車(chē)超過(guò)過(guò)10年了。5.Wehavedecidedtoeachsellfivethingsthatwenolongeruse.我們決定定每人出出售五五件不再再使用的的物品。。(1)此句中wenolongeruse是由that引引導(dǎo)的定定語(yǔ)從句，，修飾前前面的名名詞fivethings。(2)句中nolonger的意意思是“不再；；不復(fù)””，有時(shí)可可用not...anylonger或not...anymore替換。。再如：：Henolongerliveshere.(=Hedoesn'tlivehereanymore/anylonger.)他不再住住這兒兒了。3)each在句中對(duì)對(duì)we進(jìn)進(jìn)行限定定，表示示“(兩兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上上的人或或物中））各自；；每個(gè)””。再如：MysisterandIeachhaveanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.我和姐姐姐各有一一本英漢漢詞典。。tobehonest是英語(yǔ)口口語(yǔ)中一一個(gè)常用用表達(dá)，，表示““說(shuō)實(shí)話話；老實(shí)實(shí)說(shuō)”。。英語(yǔ)中類(lèi)類(lèi)似的表表達(dá)還還有：tobefrank,意思是“坦率率地說(shuō)”。例如：Tobehonest,Idon’tlikehimverymuch.老實(shí)說(shuō)，我不不太喜歡他。。Tobeperfectlyfrank,Ithinkthat’’sacrazyidea.坦白相告，，我認(rèn)為那是是個(gè)荒唐的主主意。6.…but,tobehonest,Ihavenotplayedforawhilenow.但是,說(shuō)實(shí)在的,現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在我已經(jīng)經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間間沒(méi)玩了。I’vealreadyhaddinner.2.Hehasjustfinishedhishomework.3.Mum’scookedthedinner.4.Susan’’slearnedEnglishatschool.Haveyoualreadyhaddinner?Hashejustfinishedhishomework?Hasmumcookedthedinner?HasSusanlearnedEnglishatschool?一把下列列句子改為為一般疑問(wèn)問(wèn)句。二選用用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.Hisfatherhasbeeninthefactory______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttimeforsinceforsinceforsince三動(dòng)詞詞填空：1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)it?He______itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_____you______(come)here?Once.HavecleanedhavedonediddodidHasseendidseesawhavecome4.I__________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.5.She___________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?Yes.How______she_______(go)there?She_______(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries______________(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.______youever_______(ride)ahorse?Never.9.He________(keep)thebooksincetwodaysago.havereadhasgonedidgowenthavedevelopedgaveHaveriddenhaskeptHomeworkHaveyoueverthoughtabouthavingayardsaletosellyourthings?Whatwouldyoudowiththemoneyyouraise?Discusswithyourclassmates.Unit10I’’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.SectionAGrammarFocus現(xiàn)在完成成時(shí)：表示過(guò)去去發(fā)生或或已經(jīng)完完成的某某一動(dòng)作作對(duì)現(xiàn)在在造成的的影響或或結(jié)果，，或從過(guò)過(guò)去開(kāi)始始一直延延續(xù)到現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)動(dòng)作或保保存的狀狀態(tài)。結(jié)構(gòu)：主主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)過(guò)去分詞詞一般疑問(wèn)問(wèn)句：have/has……?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.Yes,shehas.No,shehasn’t.Revision1.現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在完成成時(shí)動(dòng)詞詞構(gòu)成have/has+v過(guò)去去分詞助動(dòng)詞否定haven’thasn’t疑問(wèn)Haveyou…?Hashe……?常與下列列時(shí)間狀狀語(yǔ)連用用：just,already,yet,ever,never,before,severaltimes現(xiàn)在完成成時(shí)1.過(guò)去去發(fā)生的的動(dòng)作對(duì)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造造成的影影響或結(jié)結(jié)果。和和already，never,ever,just,before,yet等狀狀語(yǔ)連用用。2.過(guò)去已已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作作或狀態(tài)，，常與for或since引起起的一段時(shí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連連用。動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：：have/has+v過(guò)去分詞havebreakfastIhavejusthadmybreakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不不餓)I’mnothungrynowmovedherein2004IstilllivehereIhavelivedhereforthreeyears.Ihavelivedheresince2004/threeyearsago.nowpast2.現(xiàn)在在完成時(shí)動(dòng)動(dòng)詞可以表表示開(kāi)始于于過(guò)去持續(xù)續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也也許還會(huì)繼繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下下去)的動(dòng)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)態(tài)。1)IhavestudiedEnglishsincelastyear.我從去年開(kāi)開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)英英語(yǔ)。2)ShehaslivedinBeijingforfiveyears.她住在北京京已經(jīng)五年年了。注意:come,go,leave,arrive,buy,lose,receive,join,die,bury和和marry等動(dòng)動(dòng)詞所表示示的動(dòng)作是是一時(shí)的,不不能延續(xù)續(xù)的,故不能與for……,since……等開(kāi)頭的表表示一段時(shí)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)連用。不不過(guò),這這些詞用于否定定句則可以以與表示持持續(xù)的時(shí)間間狀語(yǔ)連用用，即動(dòng)作的不不發(fā)生是可可以持續(xù)的的。3.現(xiàn)在在完成時(shí)把把過(guò)去的動(dòng)動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在在的結(jié)果聯(lián)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，，一般過(guò)去時(shí)時(shí)只限于表表示過(guò)去的的動(dòng)作本身身,與現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果無(wú)關(guān)關(guān)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)與一般過(guò)過(guò)去時(shí)在意意義上的區(qū)別舉例例如下：Ihavecleanedmyroom.(Myroomiscleannow.)我已經(jīng)打掃掃過(guò)我的房房間了。Icleanedmyroomlastweek.(Ididitinthepast.)我上周打掃掃了我的房房間。FatherhasgonetoAmoy.(HewenttoAmoyandheisnotherenow.)爸爸爸已已經(jīng)去廈門(mén)門(mén)了。Theyhaveboughtadictionary.(Theyboughtadictionaryandtheyhaveitnow.)他們買(mǎi)了一一本字典。。注意:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)不能和明明確指出時(shí)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)(如:yesterday,last,year,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenshecamein等)連用，但可以和不明明確指出時(shí)間間的狀語(yǔ)(如:already,yet,ever,never,sometimes,always,often,before,once,twice,recently,lately等)連用；也可以和表示示包括現(xiàn)在在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀狀語(yǔ)(如：today,thismorning,thisweek,thisyear等)連用。(1).for+表示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)(2).since+表示過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)(3).since+表表示示過(guò)過(guò)去去時(shí)時(shí)間間的的時(shí)時(shí)間間狀狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句句eg.Ihavebeenateacher______ayear.Hehasbeenatthisschool_______1992.Wehavelearned1,000Englishwords_______wecametothisschool.forsincesince現(xiàn)在完完成時(shí)時(shí)句中中常見(jiàn)見(jiàn)的時(shí)時(shí)間狀狀語(yǔ)A.表表示從從過(guò)去去一直直持續(xù)續(xù)到現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在,不能是是具體體的過(guò)去去時(shí)間間。everjustalreadyyete.g.Haveyou_____beentoJapan?Ihave_____finishedmyhomework.Ihavefinishedmyhomework______.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomework____.B.just,already,yet,before/ever,never有有此類(lèi)副詞詞時(shí),常強(qiáng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)動(dòng)作完完成,不強(qiáng)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)動(dòng)作的的持續(xù)續(xù).already“已經(jīng)經(jīng)”;yet“仍然然,還還””這兩個(gè)個(gè)副詞詞常常常用于于完成成時(shí)態(tài)態(tài),其其中中already常用于于肯定定句,yet常用用于否否定句句和疑疑問(wèn)句句中。。如:Jimhasalreadyfinishedhiswork.Jim已經(jīng)經(jīng)把他他的工工作做做完了了。Motherhasn’tcomehomeyet.媽媽媽媽還沒(méi)沒(méi)回來(lái)來(lái)。Haven’tyoureadTheCalloftheWildyet?你還沒(méi)讀讀過(guò)《野野性的呼呼喚》嗎嗎？現(xiàn)在完成成時(shí)：表示過(guò)去去發(fā)生或或已經(jīng)完完成的某某一動(dòng)作作對(duì)現(xiàn)在在造成的的影響或或結(jié)果，，或從過(guò)過(guò)去開(kāi)始始一直延延續(xù)到現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)動(dòng)作或保保存的狀狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是是現(xiàn)在的的情況，，不能和表表示過(guò)去去的時(shí)間間狀語(yǔ)連連用（如如：in1990，，lastSunday等等）。。一般過(guò)去去時(shí)：一般過(guò)去去時(shí)只表表示過(guò)去去的動(dòng)作作或狀態(tài)態(tài)，和現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在不發(fā)發(fā)生關(guān)系系（即動(dòng)動(dòng)作或狀狀態(tài)在現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)經(jīng)結(jié)束）），它可可以和表表示過(guò)去去的時(shí)間間狀語(yǔ)連連用?，F(xiàn)在完成成時(shí)與一般過(guò)過(guò)去時(shí)的的區(qū)別：：have/has+V過(guò)去分詞詞現(xiàn)在完成成時(shí)表示示過(guò)去發(fā)發(fā)生或完完成的某某一動(dòng)作作對(duì)現(xiàn)在在造成的的影響或或結(jié)果。。如：Have

youread

thatstory？？你讀過(guò)那那個(gè)故事事嗎？（（“讀””這一動(dòng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生生在過(guò)去去，對(duì)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在造成成的影響響是：是是否知道道故事的的內(nèi)容。。）I

have

bought

two

apples．我買(mǎi)了兩個(gè)蘋(píng)蘋(píng)果。

（““買(mǎi)”這一動(dòng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在在造成的結(jié)果果是：擁有兩兩個(gè)蘋(píng)果。））4.在現(xiàn)在在完成時(shí)中ever,never,

just,

already,

yet在用法和意思思上有什么區(qū)區(qū)別？在學(xué)習(xí)這一概概念的同時(shí)，，還應(yīng)注意常常與現(xiàn)在完成成時(shí)連用的幾幾個(gè)副詞：already,just,ever,yet,never等。already,just多用于肯定句句中，ever,yet,never多用于疑問(wèn)句句和否定句中中。如：I

havealreadyfinished

my

homework．．我已經(jīng)做完家家庭作業(yè)了。。He

hasjusthad

his

meal．他剛吃吃過(guò)飯。HaveyoueversungthisEnglish

song？你曾唱過(guò)這這首英文歌歌嗎？Theyhaven‘tstartedyet.他們們還沒(méi)有身身。We

haveneverheard

ofit．我們從來(lái)沒(méi)沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)過(guò)這件事。。(1).Have(has)

beenin意為為““已已經(jīng)經(jīng)在在某某地地呆呆了了多多長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)時(shí)間間””，，常常與與表示示一一段段時(shí)時(shí)間間的的狀狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)連用用。。Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布布朗朗先先生生來(lái)來(lái)上上海海已已經(jīng)經(jīng)有有三三天天了了。。TheyhavebeeninCanadaforfiveyears.他們到到加拿拿大有有五年年了。。5.havebeenin,havebeento與havegoneto的用法法(2).Have(has)beento意為““曾經(jīng)經(jīng)去過(guò)過(guò)某地地”，，表示示現(xiàn)在在已經(jīng)經(jīng)不在在那里里了。?？膳c與just,ever,never等連用用。如：I’vejustbeentothepostoffice.我剛才才去郵郵局了了。HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?你曾經(jīng)經(jīng)去過(guò)過(guò)杭州州嗎？？MaryhasneverbeentotheGreatWall.瑪麗從從未去去過(guò)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)城。。(3).Have(has)beento后面可可接次數(shù)，表示去去過(guò)某某地幾幾次。。如：I'vebeentoBeijingthreetimes.我去過(guò)過(guò)北京京三次次。Theyhavebeentothatvillageseveraltimes.他們?nèi)トミ^(guò)那那個(gè)村村莊好好幾次次了。。(4).Have(has)goneto意為““到某某地去去了””，表表示到到了某某地或或正在在去某某地的的途中中?？偪傊?，，說(shuō)話話時(shí)該該人不不在現(xiàn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，，一般般不用第第一、、二人人稱(chēng)代代詞作作主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)。如:——WhereisTom?湯湯姆在在哪里里？—Hehasgonetothebookshop.他他到書(shū)書(shū)店去去了。。例如：HehasgonetoHongKong.他到香港去去了。(他他已前往香香港,或或在途中,或已到達(dá)。。說(shuō)話人暗暗示他現(xiàn)在在不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)場(chǎng))HehasbeentoHongKong.他他曾曾到過(guò)過(guò)香港港。(說(shuō)話話人認(rèn)認(rèn)為他他過(guò)去去到過(guò)過(guò)香港港,現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在在已不不在該該地。。言外之之意他他對(duì)香香港有有所了了解)Howlonghaveyouhadthatbikeoverthere?I'vehaditforthreeyears.Howlonghashissonownedthetrainandrailwayset? He’sowneditsincehisfourthbirthday.Haveyoueverplayedfootball?Yes,IdidwhenIwaslittle,butIhaven'tplayedforawhilenow.GrammarFocusfor和和since在在現(xiàn)在在完成成時(shí)中中的應(yīng)應(yīng)用for與since都能與與現(xiàn)在在完成成時(shí)連連用，，但區(qū)區(qū)別較較大：：（1））for后須接接“時(shí)時(shí)間段段”HehasstudiedEnglishforfiveyears.他學(xué)英英語(yǔ)5年了。。（2））since后須接接“時(shí)時(shí)間點(diǎn)點(diǎn)”HehasstudiedEnglishsince1999.他從1999年年開(kāi)始始學(xué)英英語(yǔ)。。（3））二者可可以轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)換for+一一段時(shí)時(shí)間=since+一一段段時(shí)間間+agoHehasbeenhereforfiveweeks.=Hehasbeenheresincefiveweeksago.他到這這兒已已經(jīng)有有五個(gè)個(gè)星期期了。。如：HehastaughtheresincehecametoChina.自從他他來(lái)到到中國(guó)國(guó)就在在這兒兒教書(shū)書(shū)。Wehavebeenfriendssincewemetinschool.我們從在學(xué)學(xué)校見(jiàn)面起起就成為了了好朋友。。(4)since能引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句(主句用現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)，從句用用一般過(guò)去去時(shí))，而for則不能。。（5）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常用句型型：①I(mǎi)tis(hasbeen)+時(shí)間間段+since+時(shí)間間狀語(yǔ)或從從句ItisfourdayssincelastFriday.從上周五到到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)經(jīng)四天了。。IthasbeentwoyearssinceJimcametoBeijing.吉姆來(lái)北京京已經(jīng)兩年年了。②Thisisthefirst(second…)timethat+從從句句型中的that從從句通常使使用現(xiàn)在完完成時(shí)。如：ThisisthefirsttimethatJennyandDannyhavebeentoChina.這是珍妮和和丹妮第一一次來(lái)屮國(guó)國(guó)。ThisisthethirdtimethatIhaveseenKaren.這是我第三三次見(jiàn)到Karen。（6）均須與延續(xù)續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連連用，也可可以與非延延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的的否定式連連用。如:Ihaveboughtthiscomputersincefouryearsago.(×)Ihavehadthiscomputersincefouryearsago.(√)Ihaven’tboughtanythingfortwomonths.(√)Ihaven'theardfromhimfor3weeks.(√)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的的轉(zhuǎn)換leave—beawayborrow—keepbuy——havebegin/start——beondie——bedeadfinish---beoveropensth——keepsthopenfallill——beillgetup—beup,comehere—behere,join——beon+組織機(jī)機(jī)構(gòu)/beamember組組織機(jī)構(gòu)構(gòu),gothere——bethere,become——be,comeback—beback,fallasleep——beasleep,getto/arrive/reach——be(in),leave—beawayfrom,gettoknow——know,go(get)out——tieout，puton—wear,catchacold——haveacold,getmarried—bemarried等。Theoldmandied4yearsago.—Theoldmanhasbeendeadfor4years.Itis4yearssincetheoldmandied.—Fouryearshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.HejoinedtheParty2yearsago.—HehasbeeninthePartyfor2years.Iboughtthebook5daysago.—Ihavehadthebookfor5days.如：（7）二者引出的的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)往往用howlong提問(wèn)?！狧owlonghaveyouhadthisbook?這本書(shū)你買(mǎi)買(mǎi)多久了?—Foraweek./Sinceaweekago.買(mǎi)一周了。。JimisinJapan.Hearrivedtherethreedaysago.__________________________________2.Theyareveryhungry.Theirlastmealwastenhoursago.________________________________________________________________4aRewritethesentencesusingfororsince.JimhasbeeninJapanforthreedays.Theyareveryhungrybecausetheyhaven’thadtheirmealfortenhours.3.Ihaveacamera.Iboughtitin2009._______________________________4.IknowAnna.Ifirstmetherthreeyearsago.___________________________________5.Lindaisill.ShebecameillonMonday.____________________________________Ihavehadacamerasince2009.IhaveknownAnnaforthreeyears.LindahasbeenillsinceMonday.1.I______________(neverbe)tothewaterparkbefore.Iwantto____(go)nextmonthbeforetheweathergetstoocold.2.They_______________(neverown)anypets,butthey____________(alwayswant)tohaveadog.3.We__________(have)apianosincelastNovember.We_________(buy)itfromtheLifamilywhentheymovedtotheUSlastyear.4bFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.haveneverbeengohaveneverownedalwayswanthavehadbought4.CathyandAmy_____________(notbe)backtotheirhometownfortwoyears.They______(miss)theirhometownalotandhopetovisittheplacenextyear.5.Thismuseum__________(be)hereforover20years.It_____(be)oneoftheoldestbuildingsinthissmalltown.haven’tbeenmisshasbeenis4cFillinthequestionsandasktwostudents.Thencompletethechart.1.Doyouhavea(n)_________?Howlonghaveyouhadit?2.Doyouowna(n)__________?Howlonghaveyouownedit?ThingsHowlongTonyfavoritebookfortwoyearsbasketballsincehewas10yearsoldstudent1student2選擇for或since填空空：Ihavebeenhere_____fivemonthsago.2.Hehasbeenasoldier____abouttwomonths.3.Greatchangeshavetakenplace_____youleft.4.Hisgrandpahasbeendead____tenyears.5.IhavestudiedEnglish______Iwas12yearsold.6.Itistwoyears_________Ibecameapostgraduatestudent.sinceforsinceforsincesince即學(xué)即練練練習(xí)題題:It'salongtimesincewe____(meet)last,isn’tit?2.--Iknowyou___________(choose)apicturebookamongthese.--Yes,Havealookatit,please.3.Sofar,spaceshipswithoutpeople___________(reach)themoonandsomeotherpartsoftheuniverse.4.Myfather____homefornearlythreeweeks.A.hasgoneawayfromB.hasleftC.hasbeenawayfromD.wentaway5.Mr.andMrs.Greenhave_____inChinaforaweek.A.beenB.gotC.arrivedD.reachedmethavechosenhavereachedCAHomeworkPracticemoreexercisesaboutsinceandfor.Previewthenextpart.Unit10I’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.SectionB______amuseum____aprimaryschool___abridge____azoo____apark____ahill____alibrary____ariver1aCheck(?)theplacesorthingsyoucanfindinyourtownorcity.DoesMartinlikeJenny’’shometown?2.DoesJennystillliveinherhometown?1bListenandanswerthequestions.No,Shedoesn’t.She’’sbeenawayforthepastfewyears.Yes,HethinksJenny’’shometownisreallybeautiful.3.Whatisbehindthesciencemuseum?WhatdopeopledothereonweekendsThere’sareallybigparkbehindthemuseum.Manyfamiliesgothereonweekendstoletthekidsrunaroundandclimbthehills.1cListenagainandfillinthechartabouttheplacesinJennyshometown.PlaceNeworold?Howlonghasitbeenthere?townlibrarysciencemuseum restaurantdownthestreetoldaroundhundredsofyearsnewsincelastAugustoldaroundforaslongasIcanrememberMartin:Hey,Jenny,yourhometownisreallybeautiful.Jenny:Yes,I’vebeenawayforthepastfewyears,butIstilllovethistown.Eventhoughitsold,it’’sfullofinterestingplacestoseeandthingstodo.Martin:Wow,lookatthatbuilding!I’’veneverseenanythinglikeit!TapescriptsJenny:Yes,that’’soneoftheoldestbuildingsinthistown.It’’sbeenaroundforhundredsofyears.Itsnowthetownlibrary.Martin:Whataboutthebuildingnexttoit?Jenny:Oh,that’sthenewsciencemuseum.It’’sonlybeenheresincelastAugust.There’sareallybigparkbehindthemuseum.Manyfamiliesgothereonweekendstoletthekidsrunaroundandclimbthehills.Martin:Nice.Canwecheckitout?Jenny:Sure.Butfirst,letshavelunchatthisrestaurantdownthestreet.It’’sbeenaroundforaslongasIcanremember.Itservesthebestfoodintown.A:Mycityislovely.B:Whataresomeofthespecialplacesthere?A:Well,there’’saconcerthallthere.It’sbeenaroundforatleast20years.1dTalkaboutyourtown/citywithapartner.1.WhydomillionsofChineseleavethecountrysideeveryyear?2aAnswerthequestionsbeforeyouread.Thenreadthepassagetofindoutifyouranswersarethesameasinthepassage.MillionsofChineseleavethecountrysidetosearchforworkinthecities.2.Howoftendoyouthinkthesepeoplevisittheirhometowns?3.Whatnewbuildingsdoesthegovernmentusuallybuildintownsandvillages?Theymayonlyvisittheirhometownsonceortwiceayear.Somepeopleevenhavenotimetoreturnhome.Largehospitals,newroads,newschools,parksandsoon.UsingPreviousKnowledgeWecanoftenguesswhatatextisaboutbyusingwhatwealreadyknow.Answeringquestionsbeforewereadcanalsohelpusdothis.Somepeoplestillliveintheirhometown.However,othersmayonlyseeitonceortwiceayear.Nowadays,millionsofChineseleavethecountrysidetosearchforworkinthecities.AmongtheseisZhongWei,a46-year-oldHometownFeelingshusbandandfather.HehaslivedinWenzhouforthelast13years.Withahardjobinacrayonfactory,hedoesn’tfindmuchtimetovisithishometown.“Iusedtoreturnhomeatleastonceayear,butIhaven'tbeenbackforalmostthreeyearsnow.Itsashame,butIjustdon’thavethetime,”hesays.ManypeoplelikeZhongWeiregardwithgreatinteresthowtheirhometownshavechanged.Perhapslargehospitalsandnewroadshaveappeared.Inmanyplaces,thegovernmenthasalsobuiltnewschoolsandsentteachersfromthecitiestohelp.“Inoticedthat’’strueofmyhometown,”addsZhongWei.““Childrenhavelearnedtoreadandcountatmyoldprimaryschoolsincethemid-20thcentury.Butnowthebuildingsarereallyold.Iheartheyregoingtobuildanewschoolthere.”ZhongWeithinkssuchdevelopmentsaregood,andhealsoknowsthathishometowncannotalwaysstaythesame.AccordingtoZhongWei,however,somethingswillneverchange.“Inmyhometown,therewasabigoldtreeoppositetheschool.Itisstillthereandhasbecomequiteasymboloftheplace.Mostofthechildreninmytimelikedtoplaytogetherunderthatbigtree,especiallyduringthesummerholidays.Itwassuchahappychildhood.Ourhometownhasleftmanysoftandsweetmemoriesinourhearts.”It’sashame,butljustdon’thavethetime…實(shí)在在是是遺遺憾憾，，但但我我就就是是沒(méi)沒(méi)句句吋吋間間……It’’sashame.是一一種種常常見(jiàn)見(jiàn)的的口口語(yǔ)語(yǔ)表表達(dá)達(dá)，，表表示示一一種種不不如如人人愿愿的的情情形形（（anunhappysituation),相當(dāng)當(dāng)于于漢漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)中中“真真遺遺憾憾；；多多可可惜惜啊啊””的意意思思。。It’’sashame...之后后還還可可接接不不定定式式或或由由that引引導(dǎo)導(dǎo)的的從從句句。。例例如如：：LanguagepointsA:Ididn’’thaveenoughmoneytobuytheguitarIwanted。。我沒(méi)沒(méi)有有足足夠夠的的錢(qián)錢(qián)，，買(mǎi)買(mǎi)不不了了我我想想要要的的吉吉他他。。B:It’sashame!真真是遺遺憾呀呀！It’’sashametocoverthisbeautifultablewithatablecloth.把這張張漂亮亮的桌桌子用用桌布布蓋起起來(lái)真真是可可惜。。It’’sashamethatyouhavetoleavesosoon.真遺憾憾你這這么快快就要要走了了。shame還可表表示““(因因做錯(cuò)錯(cuò)事而而感到到的））羞愧愧；慚慚愧””，例如：：Hisfaceburnedwithshame.他的臉臉因羞羞愧而而發(fā)燙燙。2bFindexpressionsinthepassagethathavethesamemeaningsasthesewordsandphrases.1.lookfor_________2.consider_________3.acrossfrom__________4.inone’’sopinion_______________5.goback_______6.changes_____________7.area_____________searchforthinkoppositeaccordingtosb.returndevelopmentsplace2cCompletethesummarywithwordsfromthepassage.Youmayneedtochangetheformsofthewords.ManyChinesepeoplethesedaysleavetheir__________toworkinthe________.Theyusually____________totheirhometownsoneortwotimesa______.ZhongWeihasn’’tbeenbackinclosetothreeyears.Hehasbeenworkingina_________ factoryinWenzhouforthepast13years.hometownscitiescomebackyearcrayonPeoplelikehimare___________inhowtheirhometownsarechanging.Newbuildingsareoftenbuiltbythe___________ .ZhongWeithinksthesechangesare_______becausethingsneedtochangeinordertobecomebetter.Buthealsothinkssomethings___________change,andhishometownisstilltheplacethatholdsallhischildhood___________.interestedgovernmentgoodwillnevermemories2dThinkofchangesthatarehappeninginyourtownorcitytoday.Whichchangesaregenerallygood?Whichchangescouldbeseenasbad?1.Howlonghaveyouhadit?2.Howdidyougetit?Didsomeonegiveittoyou?Who?3.Whydoyoulikeitsomuch?Whyisitspecial?4.Canyousayanythingmoreaboutit?3aThinkaboutyourfavoritethingfromchildhoodwhichyoustillhave.Forexample,itcanbeatoyorabook.Thentakenotesusingthequestions.3bWritethreeparagraphsaboutyourfavoritething.Useyournotesin3atohelpyou.Inthefirstparagraph,introduceyourfavoritething.Myfavoritethingfromchildhoodis________.I’vehaditfor/since________.__________gaveittome.Inthesecondparagraph,talkaboutwhyitisspecial.Ilike________somuchbecause_________________.It’sspecialtomebecause.Ithink_____________.Inthethirdparagraph.writeaboutastoryormemories.___________hasgivenmemanymemories.Irememberwhen___________.一按要要求填空。Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(對(duì)劃線部分分提問(wèn))_______________havetheybeenher