【醫(yī)學英語】詞根最終打印版

人體主要器官前綴名稱通用名前（后）綴形容詞↓此列均為炎癥（-its示例心heartcardio-cardialcarditis/cardiology腦brainencepholo-cerebralencephalitis/encephalology肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmonitis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology膽gallbladderchole-biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy腸intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy腎kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology與人體系統(tǒng)、器官有關的前（后）綴名稱通用名前（后）綴示例血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular靜脈veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction動脈arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神經nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron細胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital體bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome與數(shù)字有關的前綴數(shù)字前綴示例一（單）mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/ carbonmonoxide/ unidirectional二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide三tri-trilateral/triphasic/ trigeminalnerve四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/ tetraplegia五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/ pentachloride六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/ hexacycliccompiund七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/ heptavalent八octa-octahedral/octalsystem九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon十deca-decade/decagram/ decaliter注：十位數(shù)的表示一般為：個位數(shù)前綴+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇，精品文檔 1tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素， octadecanoicaci（十八烷酸）顏色及與顏色有關的前綴顏色通用名前綴示例色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/ chromatometer紅rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/ erythrometer白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/ leukocytuira黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/ melanoderma黃yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/ xanthoma綠green棕brownbrownmixture/brownring橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/ orangeG粉紅pink oink frothysputum緋紅crimson青銅 bronzed bronzed diabetes藍bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫violet/purple注：有些病名的“藍”“紫”“青”為同義，其前綴都為“cyano-”.與疾病和疾患有關的前（后）綴(1)含義前（后）綴形容詞示例病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病態(tài)-osis–oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多l(xiāng)eukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis減少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia無a-/an-atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leafletmicro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly復合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic與疾病和疾患有關的前（后）綴(2)含義前（后）綴 示例相反困難/不良炎癥瘤/血癥痛麻痹dis- disease/dys- dysfunction/mal- malfunction/-itis appendicitis/-oma lymphoma/-emia leukemia/-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo--plegia hemipleia/analgesia/disorder/dyspepsia/malnutrition/bronchitis/adenoma/septisemia/hypoalgesia/pamplegia/disabilitydyspneamalpracticearthritishematomabacteremiaalgometermyoplegia精品文檔2流出 -rrhea diarrhea/ hypermenorrhea/ rhinorrhea壞死 -necrosis/necro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/ myonecrosis/ 結石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/ lithogenesis/ cholelithes與方位有關的前綴含義通用詞含義通用詞前綴上upper/superiorpi-/supra-下lower/inferiornfra-/sub-epidemic/ epithelium/ supracostalinfracostal/ subclavicular/ 前 front/anterior/priore-/ante-/pre- forehead/ anteroposterior/ 后 back/posterior post-/retro- posthepatic/ postprandial/ retrocardiac內 inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/ endoscopy/ entocranial外 outer/external ex-/exo- extract/ excretion/ exocardial間 between inter- intermuscular/ intercostal/ 旁副 onthesideof para- parathyroid/ paraprotein/ pararenal周 around peri- perioperative/ pericarditis/ peritoneum中心 central centri-/centra-/centro- centrifugation/ centralize/ centronucleus反對 opposite counter-/contra- counterpart/ countershock/ 注： invivoaivou活體; invitro/invairu外或試管內； insituaitj:位含義前（后）綴含義前（后）綴示例切除-ectomyappendectomy/切開-tomytracheotomy/切（割）-tometracheotome/吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/成形術-plastytracheoplasty/gastrectomy/ splenectomyhysterotomy/ thoracotomegastroesophagostomyosteoplasty/ 整（矯）形ortho-整（矯）形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/經… trans- transdominal/ translateral/ transurethral注： ortho也正的前綴，如：ortho-acd正酸）-graphyelectrocardigraphygraphelectrocardigraphgram為圖象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心電圖記錄。與化學品有關的前（后）綴含義前（后）綴示例酸鹽atesulfate/nitrate/醇-olalcohol/propanol/醛-alretinal/methylal/酮-oneacetone/progesterone/糖glyco-glycogenolysissaccharo-saccharomyces-saccharidepolysaccharide精品文檔

acetatetaxolpropanalketone3酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein原-genallogen/antigen/glycogen苯基/酚phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin氨基amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine與“作用”有關的前（后）綴含義 前（后）綴 示例殺 -cide/-cidal insecticide/ pesticide/ bactericidal抑 -stasis/-static bacteriostasis/ virostatic/ tuberculostatic驅逐 -fuge febrifuge/ centrifuge抗 -anti antibiotic/ antimycotic/ antimutagen去/脫/去/脫/除de-dehydroprednisone/回/再/復re-reabsorb/冷凍cryo-cryobiology/否/去/分離dis-disinfection/向后/退行retro-retrograde/cryopreservation/ cryoprotectantdissociate/ dissectionretrosternal/ SuffixMeaningExample-acpertainingto屬于，關于cardiac:pertainingtotheheart心臟（?。┑?al-arpertainingtopertainingtomedical:pertainingtomedicinemolecular:pertainingtoamolecule分子的-ary pertainingtobelongingto ciliary:pertainingtothecilia,毛狀的-ase enzyme酶 amylase:anyenzymethatconvertsstarchtosugar 淀酶-cle smallness小,少貧乏小氣 follicle:asmallbodilycavityorsac小囊頭發(fā)毛囊-e aninstrument 儀器 auriscope:aninstrumentforexaminingtheear (檢查耳朵用的)耳鏡-eal pertainingto

laryngeal:pertainingtothelarynx喉的,喉音的-ia condition;quality phobia:abnormalfear 恐懼，害怕-ic pertainingto toxic:pertainingtotoxin有毒的；因中毒引起的-ics studyof;nameofascience pediatrics: study of children, their development anddiseases 兒科學-ine/in substance 物質 insulin：substance(hormone)producedbytheisletsofLangerhansinthepancreas胰島素-ism processorcondition alcoholism:excessivedrinkingofalcoholwhichbecomesaddictive 酒精中毒-ist one who specializes in 精通pharmacologist:adoctorwhospecializesinthestudyof于……的人 drugs 藥理專家-itis inflammation refers to a part rhinitis:inflammationofthenasalpassages鼻炎，鼻粘膜in……部位的炎癥 炎-(i)um relation to a whole; related to endometrium:innerliningoftheuter與……相關-ive characterizesby antitussive:adrugthatsuppressescoughing止咳藥-let tiny;small droplet:atinydrop 小滴-ment theresultorproductofanaction development:thingwhichdevelopsorisbeingdeveloped;精品文檔 4actionofbecomingmature-oidresembling;like像mucoid:resemblingmucus粘液樣的-olelittle;smallcentriole:thesmalldensestructureinthemiddleofthecentrosome細胞中心粒；中心體-omatumor;swellingreferstoadoerdermatofibroma:fibroustumoroftheskin皮膚纖維瘤-or/-ereitherapersonorthingreceptor:asensorynerveendingthatrespondstovariousstimuli感受器，受體-orycharacterizedby;pertainingtosuspensory:whichishangingdown懸吊式，懸?guī)?osesugarfructose:fruitssugarfoundinhoneyandsomefruit果糖-osisabnormalconditiononychocryptosis:abnormalconditionofahiddennail嵌甲-ouspertainingtopoisonous:pertainingtopoison;alsocontainingpoison有毒的，分泌毒素的-somesbodiesribosome:thebodyofnucleicacid核糖體-umstructure;thing;substance結構，物magnesium:awhitemetallicchemicalsubstance（金屬質元素）-ycondition;act;processdystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition ormetabolism營養(yǎng)不良ThefollowingisalistofthemostcommonlyusedcompoundsuffixesSuffixMeaningExample-algiapain;painful;conditionarthralgia:paininajoint關節(jié)痛--aseenzymeprotease:digestiveenzyme蛋白酶-blastembryo胚，胚胎，人類胚胎hemocytoblast:blastcell血胚細胞，原始血細胞-carcinomamalignanttumordevelopingfromadenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developingfromconnectivetissue相關組織的惡glandulartissue腺癌性腫瘤-celeprotrusion;distention突出；膨esophagocele:abnormaldistentionoftheesophagus食管-centesis脹，延伸surgicalpuncture手術穿孔突出paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity fortheaspirationoffluid穿刺術-capniacarbondioxide二氧化碳acapnia:absenceofcarbondioxide血液二氧化碳缺乏-cidekillgermicide:(substance)whichcankillgerms殺菌劑-clastcellphagocyte:cell,especiallyawhitebloodcell,whichcansurroundanddestroyothercells噬菌細胞-dyniapainglossodynia:paininthetongue舌痛-ectasia/-ecexpansion;dilation(膨脹，擴張)atelectasis:incompleteexpansionofthelungsatbirth肺tasis不張-ectomysurgicalexcisionorremovalofgastrectomy:surgicalremovalofthestomach胃切除術-edemaexcessiveaccumulationofserousmyxoedema:conditioncausedwhenthethyroidglanddoesfluid水腫notproduceenoughthyroidhormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水腫-emiabloodconditionleukemia:anyofseveralmalignantdiseaseswhereanabnormalnumberofleucocytesformintheblood白血病-emesisvomiting嘔吐hematemesis:thevomitingofblood咯血；吐血-gensomething that produced orpathogen:amicroorganismoragentcapableofproducingprouducesdisease病菌，病原體-genesis production生產 spermatogenesis: formation and development of精品文檔 5-globin-gnosis-gram-graph(y)-iasis-iatry/-iatrics-lith-logy-logist-lysis-malacia-mania-megaly-metry/-meter-odynia-one-opia-opsy-osis-osmia-ostomy-oxia-pathy-penia

protein蛋白質knowledgeimage;pictureprocessofrecording記錄過程condition;state情況，狀況healing, frequently refers to abranchofmedicine康復，常醫(yī)學的一個分支stonethestudyofonewhostudiesandtreatsbreakdown,destructionsofteningextreme compulsion preoccupation強迫癥giantmeasurementpainhormone荷爾蒙，激素adefectintheeye眼睛的毛病toviewmorbidcondition病態(tài)的smellprocessofmakinganintooraconnectionbetween瘺levelofoxygen氧水平disease;diseasedconditiondeficiency

spermatozoainthetestes精子發(fā)生hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced erythrocytes血紅素diagnosis:theprocessofidentifyingthenatureorpresenceofadiseasethroughknowledgeandexaminationelectrocardiogram: a graphic record of the activityofheartmuscleorheartbeatusedinthediagnosisofheartdisease.Abbr.ECGandSyn. cardiogram心電圖electocardiography:theprocessofmakingorrecordingelectrocardiograms.Syn.cardiography 心電圖記錄cholelithiasis:theformationofgallstones膽石癥podiatry:treatmentoffootdisorders足部醫(yī)療cholelith:agallstone;astoneformedinthegallbladder膽結石cytology:thesciencestudyofcells細胞學urologist:aphysicianwhospecializesinthepracticeurology泌尿科醫(yī)生hemolysis:thedestructionorbreakdownofredbloodcellswithreleaseofhemoglobin溶血osteomalacia:softeningofbone骨軟化kleptomania:amorbid,uncontrollablecompulsiontosteal盜竊癖acromegaly:aconditioninwhichthereisanenlargementofthefacialbonesaswellasthoseofthelungs 癥spirometry:measurementofthevolumeofairinhaledandexhaledortheaircapacityofthelungs肺(活)量測定(法),呼吸量測定(法)cardiodynia:painintheheartregion心痛，胸痛parathormone:whichregulatescalciumbalanceamongblood,bones,andteeth甲狀旁腺激素myopia:beingshort-sighted近視biopsy:excisionoflivetissueformicroscopicdiagnosis活檢sclerosis:abnormalhardening硬化癥anosmia:lossofthesenseofsmell嗅覺喪失gastrostomy:surgicalconstructionofanopeningfromthesurfaceoftheabdomenintothestomach胃造口術hypoxia:alowoxygenleveloralackofoxygeninbodytissues組織缺氧ophthalmopathy:anyeyedisease眼病leukopenia:deficiencyofleukocytesintheblood.Syn.精品文檔 6-pepsia--pexy

leukocytopenia白細胞減少癥digestion eupepsia:gooddigestion消化良好afixingorsettingfirmlyinplace hepatopexy:surgicalfixationofadisplaceliver肝固定bysuturing 縫合固定-phagia/phagy-phil-phobia-plasia-phonia-plasm-plasty--plegia-pnea--ptosis-ptysis-poiesis-rrhage/-rrhagia-rrhaphy-rrhea-(o)rrhexis-sarcoma-schesis-sclerosis-scope-scopy-spasm-stasis-stenosis-stomy-tention

eating;swallowing吃，吞咽attraction物fearformation;developmentvoiceformation;growthorsubstanceofformationsurgicalrepairstroke;paralysis中風breathingafalling,thedroppingorsaggingofanorgan器官下移spitting分散productionburstingforthofblood出血surgicalsewingorsuturingoverflowsplittingorrupture撕裂，破裂，疝氣malignanttumordevelopingfromconnectivetissueaholdingback;suppressionofdischarge阻礙；抑制排放ahardeninginstrumentforviewingprocessofexaminingvisuallyinvoluntarycontractionsuppression; stoppage; arrest抑制，中止abnormalnarrowingofaductorcanal管、道德異常狹窄surgicalopeningtotheoutsideofthebody造口pressure

dysphagia:difficultyinswallowing吞咽困難basophil:typeofleucocyteorwhitebloodcellwhichcontainsgranules嗜堿性粒細胞xenophobia:irrationalfearofstrangers對外國人的恐懼，憎惡hyperplasia:overdevelopmentorenlargementofanorganortissue增生，數(shù)量型肥大dysphonia:difficultyinspeaking發(fā)聲困難cytoplasm:jellysubstanceinthecell細胞漿osteoplasty:surgicalrepairofthebone骨整形術，骨成形術thermoplegia:heatorsunsrtoke熱射病eupnea:normalbreathinghepatoptosis:abnormallylowpositionoftheliver肝下垂melanoptysis:spittingofthespleen黑色痰液;咳黑痰hemopoiesis:productionofbloodcells造血作用，生血作用menorrhagia:veryheavybleedingduringmenstruation 經過多splenorrhaphy:sutureofthespleen脾修補術hydrorrhea:waterydischarge液溢amniorrhexis:ruptureoftheamnioticac羊膜破裂liposarcoma:malignanttumorcontainingfat脂肪肉瘤uroschesis:suppressionofurine閉尿，尿潴留dermatosclerosis:hardeningoftheskin硬皮病stethoscope: an instrument for performing ausculation聽診器hepatoscopy:examinationoftheliver肝檢查angiospasm:suddencontractionofthemusclesinabloodvessel血管痙攣hemostasis:thearrestofbleeding止血，止血法laryngostenosis:abnormalnarrowingofthelarynx喉狹窄colostomy:surgicaloperationtomakeanopeningfromcolon結腸造口術hypertention:highbloodpressure高血壓精品文檔 7-therapy treatment 物理療法--tion process hospitalization:theprocessofbeingpitalized-tocia labor;產 embryotocia:產-tome toolforincision arthrotome:instrumentforcuttinoint-tomy processofcuttinginto gastrotomy:incisionoftheh-tropia 轉彎，變向 esotropia:turninginward

eye-trophynourishmentordevelopmentofdystrophy:disordercausedbyanorgan器官的營養(yǎng)、發(fā)育metabolism營養(yǎng)不良-uriaaconditionoftheuie）dysuria:difficultlyinne-versionturningeversion:aturningHereisatableofthemostcommonlyusedprefixesPrefix Meaning Examplea-/an- without;not aphasiatheinabiliounderstanwritteorspokenwordsortospeak癥ab- awayfrom abortion:expulsionfromtheerusad- to;toward;near adnasal:neartheeacro- apointortip acronyx:growingintotheeshalb- white albino:apersonlackingnormalnamb-/ambiboth ambisexuabisexual:(person)whoissexuallyattractedto- bothmalesand性戀amphi-/amboth;bothsides amphicentric:beginningandendinginthepho- 止同源的血管ana- up;backagain anabolism:processofbuildingupcomplexchemicalsubstancesonthebasisofsimplroe謝Angio- abloodvessel angioma:benigntumorformedofbloodelante- before antenatalduringtheperiodbetweenconceptionandhanti- against antidepressant:(drug)usedtotreatersionaudi- hearing;sound audiometry:scienceoftestinggauto- self autoantibodntibodformedtoattacthecell自身抗體bi- two;twice bicellular:twoel的bio- living命體 biochemistry:chemistrylivingsbrady- slow bradycardilowratofhearcontractiohownbyslowpulse動過緩carcin- carcinomaor瘤 carcinogen:acancer-causingcecata- downwards;under;against;aaraconditiowherethelensoftheeyewith becomeshardandopaqe內障centi- onehundredt

分之一 centimeter:unitofmeasurementoflength(=onehundredthofa米co(n)- withortogether consanguineousbloodrelationsi親的，血緣的，密切的contra- against contraception:preventionofpregnancybyusingdevicesdrugsde- removalorloss decaffeinated:(coffee)tcaffeineremovd啡因的精品文檔 8deca-deci-di-dia-dis-dys-echo-ect-/ecto-en-endo-epi-ery-eso-eu-ex-/exo-extra-hemi-hydro-hyper-hypo-in-in-infra-inter-intra-itro-mal-meta-micro-mid-milli-mis-

tententhtwothrough;between;apart;acrossreversalorseparatebad;difficult;disorderedsoundoutsideorouterin;insideon;overredinward;向內goodoutofoutsidehalfwaterhigherortoomuchlessortoolittleinorintonotbeloworbeneathbetweeninsideintobadorabnormalchangesverymiddleonethousandtherrororwrong

decagram:tengrams十克deciliter:unitofmeasurementofliquid(=onetenthofalittle)1/10公升diglossia:adoubletongue使用兩種語言diathermy:processof(treating)throughheat透熱療法disintegrate:tocometopieces分解，破裂dysarthrosis:deformityormalformationofajoint 形echocardiography:ultrasonographyoftheheart記，超聲心動描記術ecchondroma:benigntumoronthesurfaceofcartilageorbone外生軟骨瘤enostosis:benigngrowthinsideabone內生骨疣endocardium:membranewhichlinestheheart心內膜epidermis:outerlayerofskin表皮erythrocyte:maturenon-nucleatedredbloodcell紅細胞esotropia:turninginwardoftheeye內斜視eugenics:studyofhowtoimprovethehumanracebygeneticselection優(yōu)生學exhale:tobreathout呼出extracapsular:outsideacapsule囊外的hemiplegia:severeparalysisaffectingonesideofthebody偏癱,半身麻痹,半身不遂hydrocele:collectionofwateryliquidfoundinasuchasthescrotum陰囊積水hyperglycaemia:excessofglucoseintheblood高血糖癥hypokalaemia:deficiencyofpotassiumintheblood 鉀inbreeding:breedingbetweenacloselyrelatedmalefemale近親交配incoherent:notabletospeakinawaywhichmakessense語無倫次infrapatellar:beloworbeneaththepatella髕interlobular:betweenlobules小葉間的intramedullary:insidethebonemarroworspinalcord 內introvert:personwhothinksonlyabouthimselfandownmentalstate性格內向的人malfunction:abnormalworkingofanargan機器等運轉失常；失靈；出現(xiàn)故障metaplasia:changeofonetissuetoanother化生，轉化，組織變形microcyte:abnormallysmallredbloodcell小紅細胞midcarpal:betweenthetworowsofcarpalbonesmilligram:unitofmeasurementofweight毫克miscarriage:spontaneousabortion流產精品文檔 9multi-noct-nona-octa-odont-onco-oro-pachy-pali-/palin-pan-/pant-/panto-para-pen-/penta-per-peri-pero-pharmaco-pleo-/pleio-pluri-pneum-/pneunmo-poly-post-pre-presby-pro-/supin-/pron-quadri-/quint-radio-semi-sub-

manyatnineortheeightteethtumoursmouththickeningagainst;pathologicrepetition病態(tài)的重復allsimilartoornear;changedbeyondfivethrougharounddeformedordefective陷的drugstoomoreairorthelungs;breathingtouchingmanyorgansafterorlaterbeforeofinfrontofoldagebeforeorinfrontof lyingtheback bendforwardfourfive/fifthrayorradiationhalfunder

multigravida:awomanwhoispregnantandhaspregnantatleasttwicebefore經產孕婦nocturia:passingabnormallylargequantityofurinewhenasleepinbedatnight夜尿癥nonagon:flatshapewhichhasninesides九邊形octan:everyeightdays八日熱；每隔八日發(fā)一次的odontology:studyofteethandassociatedstructures,andtheirdisordersoncology:scientificstudyofnewgowths腫瘤學orolingual:pertainingtothemouthandtongue口與舌的pachyso