2022屆全國新高考英語沖刺復習-名詞性從句

2022屆全國新高考英語沖刺精品復習名詞性從句一、引導名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞(Correlative)主要有下面幾種。.連接詞that,whether和if(1)連詞that本身無意義，有時可省略；whether和if本身有意義，均不能省略。that和whether可以連接所有的名詞性從句，而if引導名詞性從句時，主要引導賓語從句或不在句首的主語從句；if可引導表語從句，但少見。2)whether可以作介詞賓語，而if那么不能。(3)whether引導的句子可以放在復合句的句首，而if引導的從句只能放在主句謂語動詞后面。引導賓語從句時，if和whether可以互換，在口語中多用if,但賓語從句位于主句之前時，只用whether。whether后可以接不定式，而if那么不能。whetherorno意為“無論如何，不管“，不可說ifomo。(6)動詞wonder可以接f或whether從句,也可以接that從句。(7)動詞doubt(懷疑，不知道)的肯定句接if或whether從句，但否認式dontdoubt和疑問式Doyoudoubt要接that從句；doubt作“不信”解，表示強烈的不相信時，在陳述句中可接that從句。(8)if和whether常用在see,ask,try,wonder,know等動詞后。Whoseverarelefthereforacertaintimewillbeconfiscated.不管誰的東西落在這里一段時間后就被充公。Whoseverbooksareoverduewillbefind.不管誰的書延期都要被罰款。I'llpaywhateverfeeyouask.你要的任何費用我都會付。Theofficeiscleanedbywhoever'sturnitisthatday.當天輪到誰，誰就打掃辦公室。Whoever'sthisisistobereturned.不管這是誰的都得歸還。既然這些連接代詞起著連詞和充當句子成分的雙重作用，其后不能再用連詞。例如：值得做的事就應該做好。Whateverthatisworthdoingshouldbedonewell.[X]Whateverisworthdoingshouldbedonewell.[/]誰得第一名誰得金牌。Thegoldmedalwillbepresentedtowhoeverthatcomesoutfirst.[x]Thegoldmedalwillbepresentedtowhoevercomesoutfirst,[v]②what有時保存它原有的疑問意義，表示“什么”，有時作縮合連接代詞，等于“thethingwhich/that”,這時，what前面不能再加that或alL另外，what假設作疑問代詞，介詞可移到what前，而用作連接代詞那么不可。例如：這幅畫使我想起了我曾經(jīng)在一個湖邊看到的景色。ThepictureremindedmeofwhatthatIhadeverseennearalake.[x]ThepictureremindedmeofwhatIhadeverseennearalake.[d](=thethings10which）Itwasclearwhathemeant.他是什么意思，那很清楚。（疑問代詞）Whatworrieshimishiswife'shealth.他憂慮的是他妻子的健康。（連接代詞）他吃了所買的東西。Heatewhathepaidfor.N]（連接代詞）Heateforwhathepaid.[x]他問學生們水是由什么組成的。Heaskedthepupilswhatwaterwascomposedof.[V]（疑問代詞）Heaskedthepupilsofwhatwaterwascomposed,[v]她所說的是真的。Allwhatshesaidistrue.[x]Whatshesaidistrue.[v]Allthatshesaidistrue.[v]③what既可以是疑問代詞，也可以是連接代詞，其區(qū)別是：what從句的謂語動詞含有懷疑、詢問、不肯定的意義時，what為疑問代詞；反之，指具體的事件，表示肯定意義時，what就是連接代詞。參閱上文。比擬：Idon'tknowwhatheiswriting.我不知道他在寫什么。（疑問代詞）Iknowwhathemeant.我知道他的意思。（連接代詞）Whatishappeningoutsideisnotknown.不知道外面在發(fā)生什么事。（疑問代詞）Whatishappeningoutsidedoesnotconcernus.夕卜面發(fā)生的事與我們無ii關(guān)。（連接代詞）Whatfollowsisdoubtful.接著會發(fā)生什么還難以料定。（疑問代詞）Whatfollowsissatisfactory.接著發(fā)生的事是令人滿意的。（連接代詞）Thequestioniswhatshetoldhersonbeforeshedied.問題是她臨死之前告訴了她兒子什么。（疑問代詞）Thedecisioniswhatshetoldhersonbeforeshedied.決定就是她臨死之前告訴她兒子的。（連接代詞）④比擬：Wecanseewhatappearstobeaplate.我們能看到那個貌似盤子的東西。Wecanseewhatappeartobeplates.我們能看到貌似盤子的一些東西。.連接副詞引導名詞性從句的連接副詞有：when（=thetimewhen什么時候，何時）where（=theplacewhere什么地方，何時）how（=thewayinwhich如何，怎樣）why（=thereasonwhy為什么）連接副詞起雙重作用，在句中既是連接詞，又作狀語。這類詞引導的從句在句中可以用作主語、賓語或表語。例如：Whenwecanbegintheexpeditionisstillaquestion.我們何時才能開始這次考察仍懸而未決。（引導主語從句同時作從句的時間狀語）Wedidn'tknowwhyshedidn'tcome.我們不知道她為什么沒來。（引導賓語從句同時作從句的原因狀12語）Thequestionishowwecangettheloan.問題是我們?nèi)绾尾拍芘劫J款。（引導表語從句同時作從句的方式狀語）Irememberwhenitusedtobeaquietvillage.我記得它曾經(jīng)是個安靜的村莊。（引導賓語從句同時作從句的狀語）Falliswhenfruitsbecomeripe.秋天是果實成熟的季節(jié)。（引導表語從句同時作從句的狀語）Theyarewaitingoutsideforwhentheyshouldbewanted.他們在夕卜面等著，隨時聽候指派。（作介詞for的賓語）That'swhereheusedtolive.那就是他從前住的地方。（引導表語從句）考察下面一個歧義句：Idon'trememberwhenthemeetingwasheld.我不記得那個會議是什么時候開的。（when作疑問副詞，意為“什么時候”）我不記得開那個會議的時間了。（when作連接副詞，相當于thetimewhen）【提示】名詞性從句一般用陳述語序。例如：他準備怎樣做這件事是個謎。Howishegoingtodoitisamystery.［不妥］Howheisgoingtodoitisamystery,［v］他能否買到火車票仍然是個問題。Itisstillaquestionwhethercanhebuyarailwayticket.［不妥］13Itisstillaquestionwhetherhecanbuyarailwayticket.[a/].but,butthat和butwhat1用于nodoubt和notdeny之后，等于thatTherecanbenodoubtbutthatitisthebestchoice.這無疑是最好的選擇。Shedidn!tdoubtbutthat/buthewasaresponsibleman.她不,懷疑他是個有責任心的人。Icantnotdenybutwhatitisanurgentmatter.我不否認這是一件急迫的事情。2用于特殊疑問句中或否認詞之后，相當于that…notWhoknowsbutthatitmaybetrue?誰能說這不會是真的呢？=Whoknowsthatitmaynotbetrue?Icanhardlybelievebutthattheanswerisright.我簡直不能相信這答案不正確。=1canhardlybelievethattheanswerisnotright.3butthat可以引導條件狀語從句這時，butthat表示“假設不是"，相當于f從句,主句常用虛擬語氣。例如：Hewouldhavehelpedyoubutthathewasshortofmoneyatthetime.如果不是當時沒有錢的話，他會幫助你的。Hewouldhavesaidnobutthathewasafraid.假設不是害怕的話，他會說不的。Butthatsheaidedme,Imighthavegonebankrupt.要不是她幫助我的話，我可能已破產(chǎn)了。(=Ifshehadn'taidedme...)14【提示】but,butthat和butwhat還可以引導結(jié)果狀語從句,參閱第十八講。二、主語從句1.主語從句在復合句中充當主語大多數(shù)主語從句(subjectclause)都可以用it代替，作形式主語，把主語從句置于句尾。that引導的主語從句可用it代替，that一般不省。當what引導的主語從句表示“……的東西"時，一般不用it作形式主語。whatever,whoever,whichever一般也不用it作形式主語。例如：ThatIlikedgeographyseemedstrangetomyfather.我喜歡地理，在我父親看來，這很奇怪。Thatyouwillhaveanansweriscertain.你能得到答復，這是肯定的。Thatthethieveswillbecaughtislikely.這伙盜賊被抓住的可能性很大。Whatangeredmemostwashistotallackofremorse.最使我生氣的是他居然毫無悔意。Whyhedidsuchathingisnotclear.并不清楚他為什么做這種事。Wheresheliveshasnotbeenfoundout.還沒有查清楚她住在哪里。Whenheheardaboutitisunknown.他什么時候聽到那個消息不得而知。Whetherornotthesefiguresareaccurateremainstobechecked.這些數(shù)字是否確切還有待核對。Whoheisdoesn'tconcernme.他是誰與我無關(guān)。Whatwillbe,willbe.要發(fā)生的事總是要發(fā)生的。Thatsheshouldbeungratefulcuthimtotheheart.她竟忘恩負義，這使他15很傷心。ThatMarylikedChinesefoodseemedstrangetohermother?瑪麗喜歡吃中國菜，在她母親看來，這很奇怪。Thatallhisdreamsandambitionswillbefulfilledisunlikely.他所有的夢想和抱負都能實現(xiàn)，這可能性不大。Whethershesoldthehouseandhowmuchmoneyshegotoutofitdoesn'tconcernyou.她是否賣了房子，從中得了多少錢，與你無關(guān)。Thatthetwosidesshouldhaveadifferenceofopinionoveraimsandmethodsisnatural.雙方在目的和方法上意見有些不一致是自然的。Itwasclearenoughwhatshemeant.她的意思是再清楚不過了。It'snotmybusiness,howhechoosestolive.他愛怎么生活就怎么生活,這與我不相干。Isitknownwhereshewent?矢口道她去哪兒了嗎？Ithurtheragreatdealthatallshehaddoneforhiminthepastyearswasofnoavail.想著多年來為他奉獻的一切都付諸東流水，她傷心欲絕。It'swellknownthattheChinesepeopleshowgreathospitality.中國人以熱情著稱于世。Itmatterswhatyou'lldo.你要做什么,這至關(guān)重要。Itisacompletemysterywhatledtothetragicconsequences.是什么造成了悲劇性的后果，這完全是個謎?！咎崾尽?61帶that主語從句的復合句為疑問句、感嘆句時一，that主語從句要后置，用形式主語it代之。例如：HowcouldithappenthatthekidsshowednointerestinwhatIwassaying?小家伙們怎么會對我的話一點也不感興趣呢？Isitpossiblethatthefamousgallerywillpresenttheworksofanewartist?這家著名美術(shù)館有可能展出一個剛出道的藝術(shù)家的作品嗎？Whyisitthathercasehasattractedanenormousamountofpublicsympathy?為什么她的案子得到了無數(shù)公眾的同情？Howamazingitisthatthe70-year-oldmanshouldhaveswumacrossthechannel!這位70歲的老人竟然游過了海峽，真是令人驚奇！Howamusingitisthatthemagicianconjuredarabbitoutofhishat!魔術(shù)師從帽子里變出一只兔子，真逗人?、谠贗tdawnedonsb.that結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導的從句只能后置。例如：Itdawnedonherthathehadbeenrightallalong.她突然意識至！]他——直者B是對的。③比擬：他所需要的是更多的經(jīng)驗。Whatheneedsismoreexperience,[v]Itismoreexperiencewhatheneeds.[X]據(jù)估計，飛到火星來回的時間要超過一年。Thataround-triptoMarswouldtakemorethanayearisestimated.[V]17Itisestimatedthataround-triptoMarswouldtakemorethanayear.[V]她是否要扮演這個角色值得懷疑。Whethershewouldplaythepartisstilldoubtful.[^/]Itisstilldoubtfulwhethershewouldplaythepart,[a/]犯人是如何逃跑的是個謎。Howtheprisonerescapedisamystery,[v]Itisamysteryhowtheprisonerescaped,[v]?because偶爾可以引導主語從句。2.it作形式主語和it引導強調(diào)句的比擬it作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)（特別是謂語較短時），主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調(diào)句那么是對某一句子成分的強調(diào)（這一成分可以是詞、詞組或句子），其結(jié)構(gòu)是“Itbe+thaf\無論強調(diào)的是什么成分，都通用連接詞that,強調(diào)人時也可用who/whom/whose,強調(diào)地點時也可用where,強調(diào)時間時也可用when。參閱有關(guān)章節(jié)。比擬：Itwasorderedthatthegoodsbesenttherebyplane.根據(jù)命令，那些貨物必須空運到那里。（it作形式主語）Itwaslastsummerthathegraduatedfromtheuniversity.他是去年夏天從那所大學畢業(yè)的。（itbethat為強調(diào)句型）Ithasbeenfoundoutwhosettherecord.已經(jīng)弄清楚紀錄是誰創(chuàng)造的。（it18作形式主語）ItwasMarythat/whosettherecord.是瑪麗倉ll造了紀錄。（itbethat為強調(diào)句型）3.用it作形式主語的主語從句結(jié)構(gòu)在本局部第四類結(jié)構(gòu)或某些其他結(jié)構(gòu)中，有時也可用連接代詞或連接副詞引導的從句。1主語+名詞+從句Itisapitythat..遺憾的是Itisafactthat…事實是Itisgoodnewsthat是好消息Itisnowonderthat缺乏為奇Itisawonderthat..真是個奇跡?????.Itisashamethat真是可恥Itisanhonourthat三￡常榮幸Itiscommonknowledgethat是常識2主語+形容詞+從句Itisquiteclearthat..明確無誤Itisamazingthat.?.令人驚詫的是Itisnaturalthat..彳艮自然Itisobviousthat…顯而易見…Itisfortunatethat..幸運的是Itispossiblethat..?彳艮可能?????Itisunlikelythat...不可能Itisstrangethat..?奇/怪的是????????3It+過去分詞+從句Itisnotknownthat不得而知Itisnotdecidedthat尚未決定Itissaidthat..據(jù)說??Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報道Itmustbepointedoutthat..必須指出Itistobediscussedthat19（9）可以說nomatterwhether或nomatterifo（10）這三個連詞在句中只起連接作用，不擔任句子成分。Thathesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.他在這場事故中幸免于難，真是奇跡。（主語從句）Whethershecomesornotmakesnodifference.她來不來都沒有關(guān)系。（句首主語從句，不用f引導）Itisdoubtfulwhetherheiscoming.他是否來不得而知。（可用if,主語從句，但不在句首）Idon'tknowwhetherhewillattendtheconcert.我不知道他是否去參加音樂會。（可用if,賓語從句）Theproblemis（that）wecan'tgetthereearlyenough.問題是我們不能很早到達那里。（表語從句）Ihaven'tsettledthequestionofwhetherTHlendhimthemoney.我還沒有決定是否把錢借給他。（不用if,作介詞的賓語）Hedidn'tknowwhethertogetmarriedortowait.他不知道是現(xiàn)在結(jié)婚，還是等等再說。（不用if）Thequestionwhetherheshouldjointheteamhasnotbeendecidedupon.他是否加入這個隊的問題還沒有決定。（不用if,同位語從句）Thequestioniswhetheritisworthtrying.問題是這是否值得一試。（不用if,表語從句）Nomatterwhethershecomesornot,we'llgotheretomorrow.不管她來不來，我們明天都將去那兒。有待討論Ithasbeenprovedthat..已證明Itisestimatedthat?.據(jù)估計????.Itistobenotedthat…值得注意的是Itisbelievedthat…據(jù)認為Itisuniversallybelieved.??普遍認為?,Itisannouncedthat...據(jù)宣布......Itcansafelybesaidthat..完全可以說Itmustbeadmittedthat...必須成認……Itcanthusbeconcludedthat...可以由止匕得出結(jié)論4其他Itdoesn'tmatter.是無關(guān)緊要的Itmakesnodifference...毫無區(qū)另llItdoesn'tmaketoomuchdifferencethat?關(guān)系不大Itdoesn'tneedtobebotheredthat...不必擔憂Itisoflittleconsequencethat無關(guān)緊要Itsuddenlystruckme/occurredtomethat...我突然想至［|/感覺至U?????【提示】在下面的結(jié)構(gòu)中，it為虛設主語，that-從句是一個外置的主語，但該主語不可前置放在句首：Itseems/appears/(so)happens/chanced/transpired/cameabout/turnedout/occurredto+that-從句Itmay/couldbe+that-從句Thusitcameaboutthathelefthomeonacoldwintermorning,neverto20return.就這樣，他在一個寒冷的冬天早晨離開了家，再沒有回來過。Howdiditcomeaboutthathedidnotreportthetheftuntiltwodaysafteritoccurred?他怎么直到盜竊案發(fā)生兩天后才報案呢？Didn'titoccurtoyouthatthedetectiveswerekeepingtheplaceunderobservation?你當時沒有想至！J這個地方受到偵探的監(jiān)視嗎？關(guān)于這類結(jié)構(gòu)的詳細說明和例示參閱第三講中“it的用法”一節(jié)。4.主語從句不可位于句首的幾種情況除了if引導的主語從句不可居復合句的句首外，在以下情況下，主語從句亦不可提前。Itdoesn,tmatter+how/whether…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提他喜不喜歡它都沒關(guān)系。Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherhelikesitornot.[v]Whetherhelikesitornotdoesn!tmatter.[x]Itissaid/reported...結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句不可提前據(jù)說這條高速公路明年通車。Itissaidthattheexpresswaywillbeopentotrafficnextyear.[4]Thattheexpresswaywillbeopentotrafficnextyearissaid.[X]3含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前下午可能會下雪嗎？Isitlikelythatitwillsnowintheafternoon?[v]Isthatitwillsnowintheafternoonlikely?[X]21【提示】在簡短句子中，主語從句的引導詞that可以省略。例如：It'sagoodthingGeorgecan'thearus.喬治聽不見我們講話是個好事。It'sapityyoucan'tswim.你不會游泳，真遺憾。Itseemslikelysomeoneleftthedoorunlocked.似乎有人可能忘了鎖門就出去了。三、賓語從句.作動詞的賓語（objectclause）1由that引導的賓語從句Iwish（that）shewouldunderstandme.我希望她能理解我。（that可省）Idon'tthink（that）heisright.我認為他不對。（that可省）Heorderedthatweshouldstartatonce.他命令我們立即出發(fā)。（that一般不可省）Wehavereasontobelievethatsheknewthevictimquitewell.我們有理由相信，她跟受害人很熟悉。JimsuggestedthatwegototheRockyMountainsduringthesummer.吉姆建議我們夏天去落基山。（that一般不可?。┮韵聞釉~后常跟that引導的賓語從句：admitagreeanswerbelievecomplainconfessdecidedeclaredenydreamexpectexplain22feelhearhopeimagineintendinsistmeannoticeorderproposerememberreplyrequestrequiresayseesuggestthinkwish由what,when,how,which,why,howmany,howmuch,who,whom,whether/if引導的賓語從句IdonftknowwhatshehasboughtforFather'sbirthday.我不矢口道她為父親的生日買了什么。Wordsdon!talwaysmeanwhattheyseemtomean.話語常有弦夕卜之音。Theydon'tknowwhatittakestobesuccessful.他們不知道成功需要什么素質(zhì)。Guesswhatfamouspersonsaidthis.猜猜看是哪位名人說的話。Hetastedwhatshegavehim.他嘗了她給他的東西。Samcollectedwhatinformationhecouldfind.薩姆收集了他能找到的少許信息OShegavewhoeveraskedforacopyofthepaper.那篇論文誰要她都給——份。Takewhateveryoulike.你喜歡什么就拿什么。Choosewhoeveristhefittest.選最合適的人。Heacceptedwhatmoneypeoplegavehim.他接受了人們給他的那點兒23錢。Theycouldn'tagree(about/asto)whoshouldbesentthere.派誰去哪兒,他們未能取得一致意見。Heexplainedhowthetoolwasused.他解釋了這個工具怎樣使用。Iwasonlyaskinghowthiscouldhavehappened.我只是問怎么會發(fā)生這樣的事。Shehurriedtofindoutwhattheproblemwas.她趕忙去找問題所在。Ican'tthinkwhysheevermarriedhim.我想不明白她為什么居然嫁給了他。Let'shearwhathe'sgottosay.讓我們聽聽他怎么說吧。Theteacherpointedoutwhereshewaswrong.老師指出她錯的地方。Icouldn'tmakeoutwhattheyweretalkingabout.我聽不，青楚他們在談論什么。Doyoueverdiscoverwhosentyoutheflowers?你弄清是誰給你送的花了嗎？Heanticipatedwheretheenemywouldtrytocrosstheriver,他預測敵人要在什么地方過河。Idon'tcarewhetherwewinorlose.我不在乎我們是贏還是輸。Youcancomplain,butIdoubtifitllmakeanydifference.你可以抱怨，但是我看抱怨也未必有用。Thewaiterenquiredwhetherwewouldliketositnearthewindow.侍者問我們是否想靠窗邊坐。ThedoctorfeltJohn'sarmtofindoutifthebonewasbroken.醫(yī)生摸了摸24約翰的手臂，看看骨折了沒有。Shegavewhoeveritwasameal.不管誰來，她都給飯吃。（whoever引導賓語從句，本身作間接賓語）Choosewhoeveristhemostcapableasyourpartner.選最能干的作為你的合伙人。（本句中的賓語從句帶補語）Hewonderediftheletterwasmiscarried.他想那封信是不是誤投了。以下動詞（詞組）后常跟what,whether/if引導的賓語從句：不知道。/你似乎是身在福中不知福。（句中的when由thetimewhen縮合而成，可以看作前面省略了thetime,為縮合連接副詞，不表示“什么時候”）在when=thetimewhen這一用法上，when還可引導用作介詞賓語的賓語從句。例如：Johnwillleaveinamonth,bywheneverythingwillbeready.Theyweretalkingfromwhenthesnowbegantofall.Doyouknowthatsheisapoet?她是一位詩人，你知道嗎？Doyouknowifsheisapoet?她是否是一位詩人，你知道嗎？Idon'tknowthatheswamacrosstheriver.我不知道他游過了那條河。Idon'tknowhowheswamacrosstheriver.我不知道他是怎樣游過那條河的。3動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句有些賓語從句前可有一個間接賓語，這個間接賓語有的可省，有的那么不能省。例如：25Hehasinformedmewhentheyaretodiscussmyproposal.他已經(jīng)通知我他們將在什么時候討論我的建議。(me不可省)ThemanageraskedmewhatIdidn'tknowaboutthecompany.經(jīng)理問我關(guān)于這家公司我還有什么不了解的。Shepromised(us)thatshewouldgiveusmorehelplateron.她容許以后給我們更多的幫助。ShowmewhereGeorgeWashingtonlived.領(lǐng)我看看喬治?華盛頓住過的地方。We'llmakehimwhateverheisfitfor.他夠什么料，我們就把他培養(yǎng)成什么料。GoandaskPeterwhetherhe'scomingtonight.去問問彼得他今晚是否來。Thecaptainoftheshipassuredthepassengersthattherewasnodanger.船長向乘客保證不會有危險。WouldyouadvisemewhereIshouldspendmyholidaysthissummer?你說我今年夏天在哪里度假為好？Thesightoftheclockremindedhimthathewaslate.一看到鐘他就知道遲到了。Thepolicemanwarnedusthattheroadswereicy.那位警察提醒我們道路結(jié)了冰。Youmaycallitwhatyoulike.你愛叫它什么就叫它什么。這類動詞常見的有：advise,ask,assure,inform,promise,question,remind,show,teach,tell,warn等。26,作介詞賓語Whetherwecansucceeddependsonhowwellwecooperate.我們能否成功取決于我們合作得怎樣。Hewasnotconsciousofwhatanimportantdiscoveryhehadmade.他沒有意識到自己做出了多么重要的發(fā)現(xiàn)。Iwascuriousastowhatwewoulddonext.我很想知道下一步我們該做什么。Aboundarydisputeisaquarrelaboutwhereaboundaryisoroughttobe.邊界糾紛就是關(guān)于邊界在何處或應當在何處的爭論。Marawasextremelycareful(about)whatsheate.瑪拉在飲食上極為講究。Thedoctorwasdoubtful(about)whetherthepatientwouldsurvivetheoperation.醫(yī)生懷疑病人能否熬過這次手術(shù)。He'sveryfuzzy(about)howhismealsarecooked.他對飯菜做得怎樣是很講究的。leantmakeupmymind(about)whetherIshouldresignornot.我下不了決心，究竟辭職還是不辭職。Shehasn'tdecided(on)whichmodelshewillbuy.她還沒有決定買哪一種型號的。Justlook(at)whatyou'vedone!看看你干了什么？Theycouldn!tagree(about/asto)howitshouldbedone,這件事該怎么做,他們的意見不一致。27Idon'tcare(about)whatotherssay.我不在乎別人說什么。Shepointedtowhatlookedlikeabox.她指向一個看似盒子的東西。ItriednottothinkofwhatRichardwasdoing.我盡量不去想理查德在做什么。Hebegantothinkaboutwhathewoulddonext.他開始考慮下一步該做什么。ThecarstoppedshortonlyafewinchesfromwhereIstood.汽車在離我只有幾英寸的地方突然停住了。TheactualsumisgreaterthanwhatAuntMayaskedfor.實際數(shù)量比梅姨要求的多。Shereturnedthelettertowhosoever'saddresswasonit.信封上寫著誰的地址，她就把信退到誰那兒去。Wearepaidaccordingtohowmuchworkwedo.我們的工資隨工作量而定。Wecouldn'tdecideastowhichisthebest.至于哪一個最好，我們決定不了。Marywillsitbesidewhomshechooses.瑪麗總要坐在自己挑選的人旁邊。Thepolicequestionedhimastowherethecarhadbeenfound.警察盤問他這輛車是在哪里發(fā)現(xiàn)的。28Afterashoutedopinionofwhathethoughtoftherestaurant,hestormedout.他大喊大嚷地發(fā)表了一通他認為餐館應該是什么樣的議論后，就沖出去了。Theguardquestionedthemanaboutwherehehadcomefrom.衛(wèi)兵盤問那人是從哪兒來的。Theyremindedmeofwhatwouldneverbeagain.它們使我想起了那些永不再有的東西。Thefamilyarguedbitterlyoverwhoshouldinheritthehouse.這家人就誰該繼承房產(chǎn)激烈爭吵。Ijoinedhimatwhatturnedouttobenearlyanall-nightjobofgettingthetoytrainsputtogetherandsetup.我和他一起把玩具火車集中起來，裝配好，幾乎干了一個通宵。TheyaddedashortessayonwhoarethemostpowerfulpeopleinAmerica.他們又為美國最有權(quán)勢的人加了一篇短文。Nobodycouldbesureofwhichkindofwildlifewouldbeusefultousinthefuture.沒有人有把握知道野生動植物中哪一種將來可能對我們有用?！咎崾尽竣賥h-型賓語從句保存疑問意義時，其前面的介詞有時可省略。當who,what等wh-詞失去疑問意義，相當于thepersonwho,thethingwhich,thatwhich,theplaceatwhich等，所引導的賓語從句前的介詞不可省略,見上例。比擬：29WhatI'manxioustoknowiswhetherthelibraryisopennow.我急于想知道的是圖書館現(xiàn)在是否開門了。（可用if,表語從句）這件事情上我們是否錯了現(xiàn)在還不能下結(jié)論。Itremainstobeseenifwearewronginthematter,[v]（主語從句，不在句首）Ifwearewronginthematterremainstobeseen.[x]Tellhimwhetheryouneedthebook.告訴他你是否需要這本書。（賓語從句，“是否”）Tellhimifyouneedthebook.如果你需要這本書，就告訴他。（狀語從句，"如果''）Idoubtthatshewillstaythere.我不信她會留在那里。（不相信）Idoubtwhethershewillstaythere.我懷疑她是否會留在那里。（懷疑）Idoubtthatsheisguilty.我不信她有罪。（=1don'tthink...）Idoubtwhether（可用if）sheisguilty.我不知道她是否有罪。（=1amnotsure...）Isuspectthatsheisguilty.我懷疑她有罪。（=1think..）Idoubtthatit'strue.我不信那是真的。（不信，=1don'tthinkitistrue.）Idoubtwhetherit'strue.我懷疑那是不是真的。（懷疑）Idon!tdoubtthatyouareinnocent.我相信你是清白的。Sheneverdoubtedthatshewasright.她從不懷疑自己是正確的。Idon'tdoubtthat（不用if或whether）hewillcomesoon.BillaskedwhatJanewanted.比爾問簡要什么。（what保存疑問意義）BillaskedaboutwhatJanewanted.比爾問簡要什么。（what保存疑問意義）比爾問起簡所要的東西。（what失去疑問意義，相當于thethingwhich）Shewasnotaware（of）howrudehecouldbe.她不知道他會有多么粗野。Shewasnotawareofwhatwashappeningoutside.她不知道外面在發(fā)生什么事。（本句中的what引導名詞性從句，相當于thethingwhich/that）Iwasn'tcertain（of）whenIlostmylicense.我弄不清我什么時候喪失執(zhí)照的。Iamcertainofwhatshesaid.我了解她所說的情況。②由過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)變的形容詞+介詞，后接wh-詞引導的賓語從句時，介詞一般不可省。例如：Momwasveryupsetthatyoudidn'tphone.你沒有來，媽媽很不高興。Momwasveryupsetaboutwhatyousaidatthemeeting.媽媽對你在會上說的話很是擔憂。Iwasworriedthatthedelicateecologicalbalanceoftheareawouldbeupset.我擔憂這個地區(qū)脆弱的生態(tài)平衡會被打亂。I'mworriedaboutwhatbadeffectssuchbookswillhaveonteenagers.我擔心這樣的書會對青少年產(chǎn)生怎樣的不良影響。③that引導的從句偶爾可用于tobe后作賓語補足語。例如：Ithoughtherargumenttobethatweshouldincreasetaxation.我想她的30論點就是我們應當增加稅收。4只在in,but,except,save,notwithstanding等少數(shù)幾個介詞后可用由that引導的賓語從句,已形成固定搭配，即inthat在于/因為,butthat要不是/只是，except/savethat除了…，notwithstandingthat雖然。例如：Thehigherincometaxisharmfulinthatitmaydiscouragepeoplefromtryingtoearnmore.所得稅過高是有害的，因為它可能使人不愿意多賺錢。(=because)Hedifferedfromhiscolleaguesinthathedevotedhissparetimethreading.他與同事們的不同之處在于，他把業(yè)余時間花在學習上。Thepaperwasperfectexceptthatthereweresomemisprints.除了一些印刷錯誤之外，這篇論文很好。IwouldhavecometoseeyoubutthatIhadsomethingurgenttodothen.假設不是當時有些急事要辦的話，我本來會來看你的。Iagreewithyou,savethatyouhavegotoneortwodetailswrong.我同意你的看法，除了一兩處你弄錯的細節(jié)外。IshallgonotwithstandingthatIamlongdelayed.雖然我耽誤了很久，但我還是要去。.作形容詞賓語Iamafraid(that)I'vemadeamistake.恐怕我犯了一個錯誤。I'mdelighted(that)yougetgoodgradesinschool.你在學校成績優(yōu)秀，我31很高興。Wearenotsurewhetherwecanpersuadehimoutofsmoking.我們不敢肯定能否說服他戒煙。Hewasveryanxiousthatthemeetingthefollowingdayshouldbeasuccess.他熱切希望第二天的會議取得成功。Eliotwasdeterminedthathissonwoulddowellandsenthimtoaprivateschool.艾略特堅信兒子會學業(yè)優(yōu)異，把他送到了私立學校學習。ThePresidentwasclearthatthissituationcouldnotlastlong.總統(tǒng)很清楚,這種局勢維持不了多久。Iamappalledthatthousandsofpeoplearekilledeveryyearinroadaccidents.每年都有成千上萬的人死于交通事故，這使我非常震驚。Weareconfidentthatnextyear'sprofitswillbehigher.我們確信明年的利潤會增加。Youshouldbethankfulthatyouhaveescapedwithminorinjuries.你逃了出來，只受了點輕傷，應該感到欣慰。Iamcertainthatshewillgetoverherillness.我確信她會戰(zhàn)勝疾病的。Iwasconvincedthatweweredoingtherightthing.我確信我們做的事是正確的。Heisbitterlyregretfulthatheneverwenttocollege.他為自己從來沒上過大學深感遺憾。Shewassatisfiedthather32daughtersatisfiedalltheconditionsforadmission.她女兒符合所有的錄取條件，她很滿意。Gordanwasbitterlydisappointedthathefailedthatcourse.戈登那門課沒及格，非?；倚??！咎崾尽竣賢hat引導的從句常跟在以下形容詞后作賓語，that有時可省略：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content,proud等。②有些語法書把這類形容詞后的從句稱為方面狀語從句，還有些語法書把某些這類形容詞后的從句看作原因狀語從句。.動詞+it+that結(jié)構(gòu)正如我們常用it作形式主語，代替真正的that主語從句一樣，我們也常用it作形式賓語，把作為真正賓語的that從句放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的that一般不省。本結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語從句也可用why,how,when,where等引導。例如：Ishallseetoitthatheistakengoodcareofwhenyouareabsent.你不在的時候，我負責把他照顧好。（本句中的that可省，也可省去toit）Ihearditsaidthatshehadgoneabroad.聽說她至U國夕卜去了。Weconsideritabsolutelynecessarythatweshouldopenourdoortotheoutsideworld.翻開國門，33實行開放，我們認為這是絕對必要的。Hehasmadeitclearthathewon'tagreetotheplan.他說得很?青楚，他不會同意這個計劃的。Mr.Taylormadeitclearthattherewastobenocompromise.泰勒先生清楚地說明沒有商量的余地。Hehasmadeitknownwhyhechosetomakepoliticsacareer.他已經(jīng)清楚地說明了他為什么決定從政。Ithinkitrightthatthegovernmentshouldcutfundinginthisway.我認為政府這樣削減經(jīng)費是正確的。Hemadeitknownthathewouldnotberunningforre-election.他公開宣布他不打算競選連任。IthinkitbestthatyouhavethecarreadybyMonday.我想你最好星期——前備好車。IhaveitonmyconsciencethatI'vemadeabigmistake.我犯了一個大錯誤，心里很難過。Ithinkiturgentthatweshouldbuildashelterforthehomeless.我認為當務之急是為無家可歸者建庇護所。Ifeelitastupidthingthatheshouldhavesoldthehouseindowntownarea.他竟然把市中心的房子賣掉了，我覺得他是干了一件蠢事。Itriedtobringittohisattentionthathousepriceshavecomedowninrecentmonths.我試圖讓他注意到，最近幾個月房價降下來了。【提示】有時，帶補語的賓語從句不用it替代，而直接把補語前置。另外，賓語從句在句中也可作間接賓語，較少見。例如：34ThePresidenthasnevermadepublicwhenandwhyhemadethedecision.總統(tǒng)從未公開說明他做出那項決定的時間和原因。Hegavewheretheoldhouseshadstoodalastlook.他向老房子所在的地方看了最后一眼。5.不可直接跟that-從句的動詞以下動詞后不可接that從句：ask,refuse,let,like,cause,force,love,help,condemn,admire,celebrate,entreat懇求，dislike,loathe厭惡，overlook忽視，take認為，forgive原諒，behold看到,bid命令，hate憎恨，see看見，want想要，等。但上述某些詞可用it或thefact作為媒介，后跟that-從句。例如：Itakeitthatyou'veheardthatRick'sresigned.我想你已經(jīng)聽說里克辭職了。Itakeitfromyoursilencethatyoudon'tagreetothesolution.你保持沉默，我想你是不同意這個解決方案。Sheowedittoherhusband'sdevotedcarethatshehadrapidlyrecovered.她很快痊愈了，多虧她丈夫的細心照料。Idon'tlikeitthatsomeoneshouldphonemelateatnight.我不喜歡有人在夜里很晚的時候給我打。他忽略了他犯了另一個錯誤這一事實。Heoverlookedthathehadmadeanothermistake.[X]Heoverlookedthefactthathehadmadeanothermistake,[d]我羨慕他們贏了比賽。Iadmirethattheywonthematch.[x]35Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.[V]（可接動名詞）我看見她離開了房間。Isawthatshelefttheroom.[x]Isawherleavetheroom.[v]（可接賓語+不定式）她不喜歡那兩個男孩一起玩。Shedoesnotlikethatthetwoboysplaytogether.[x]Shedoesnotlikethetwoboystoplaytogether.[V]我想讓他立即就來。Iwantthathecomesatonce.[x]Iwanthimtocomeatonce,[v]（可接賓語+不定式）【提示】上述某些詞在某層意思上可接that從句，比方see表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)，覺得"，后可接that-從句。例如：Isaw（that）shewouldnotlendusmoney.我覺得她不會把錢借給我們。（=felt）Isawthatthelightwasstilloninhisroom.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他房間里的燈還亮著。.不可以that-從句作直接賓語的動詞有些動詞不可以that從句作直接賓語，不用于“動詞+間接賓語+that-從句”結(jié)構(gòu)。常見的有：envy,order,accuse,refuse,impress,forgive,blame,advise,congratulate,denounce指責，等。這些動詞后要用動名詞等。例如：她原諒了他違背承諾。Sheforgavehimthathehadbrokenhispromise,[x]36Sheforgavehimforbreakinghispromise.[A/](=hisbreaking)他給經(jīng)理的印象是個老實的人。Heimpressedthemanagerthathewasanhonestman.[x]Heimpressedthemanagerasanhonestman.[a/](=withhishonesty)他勸我做那件事。HeadvisedthatIshoulddoit.[x]Headvisedmetodoit.[N]不要怪我沒按時來。Don'tblamemethatIdidnotcomeontime.fX]Donftblamemefbrnotcomingontime.[a/]我羨慕她英語說得那么好。IenvyherthatshespeaksEnglishsowell.[X]IenvyherspeakingEnglishsowell.[v]原諒我來遲了。ExcusemethatIcomelate.[x[Excusemefbrcominglate.[^Excusemecominglate.[4]我祝賀你取得了成功。Icongratulateyouthatyouhavesucceeded.[X]Icongratulateyouuponyoursuccess.[A/]但可以說：Well,congratulateyourselfthatyouresistedthetemptation.好啦，你抵抗住了誘惑，應該慶幸才是。.that引導賓語從句時的省略37主句謂語動詞是agree,argue,hold,learn,maintain,observe,contend,conceive,reckon,remark,state,suggest,assume,announce,calculate,indicate等時，其后賓語從句的引導詞that通常不可省略Mostscientistsagreethatglobalwarmingisaseriousproblem.大多數(shù)科學家都認為全球氣候變暖是個嚴重的問題。Shewaspleasedtolearnthathehadarrivedsafely.得矢口他平安抵達，她很高興。Mr.JonesremarkedthatPeterwasaveryclear-headedyoungman.瓊斯先生說，彼得是一位頭腦十分清醒的青年。主句謂語動詞是hear,know,grant,say,see,perceive,confess,consider,declare,remember,understand,propose,betold等時,其后賓語從句的引導詞that可省，也可不省Ihear(that)you'vebeenselectedtoplaytheAteam.我聽說你已入選A隊了。Igrant(that)heishonest.我成認他是老實的。Mr.Bankshasproposed(that)Ibecomehisbusinesspartner.班克斯先生建議我成為他的生意伙伴。Iremember(that)allofthepassengerssurvivedtheaccident.我，己得所有的乘客在那起事故中都活下來了。Thetheoryholds(that)universeisendless.這種理論認為，宇38宙是沒有邊際的。3主句謂語動詞是think,suppose,presume,daresay等時，其后賓語從句的引導詞that通常省略。wouldrather和wouldsooner后，引導從句的that通常省略IthinkI'dbegoing.我想我得走了。Hesupposeditwastoolatetochangehismind.他想，改變主意已經(jīng)太晚ToIdaresayitwasafighttothedeath.我敢說那是一場殊死的搏斗。Iwouldratheryoumetusat10:30atthestation.我希望你10點半在車站接我們。Ifdsooneryoudidn'taskmetospeak.我寧愿你不讓我發(fā)言。4在簡短句中，賓語從句的引導詞that多省略Iknowheisagainstus.我知道他反對我們。Adamsayshe!sthirsty.亞當說他口渴。Ihopeyouhavealovelybirthday.我希望你過一個快樂的生日。5當一個句子有多個并列的賓語從句時，尤其是第一個賓語從句特別長，后面賓語從句前的that不可省略。同樣，當一個句子很復雜，句中有多個從句時，that不可省略Wehoped,incasethemothercouldnotbeback,thatthechildrenwouldstayw汕usforthenight.假如孩子的母親不能回來，我們希望孩子們在我們這里過夜。Iwished(that)wecouldgosightseeinginHangzhouthissummerand39我不懷疑他不久會來。Canyoudoubtthatshewillwin?你懷疑她會贏嗎？Nobodycanpossiblydoubtthathewillsucceed.沒有人會懷疑他會成功?！咎崾尽竣賥hether和that都可以引導賓語從句，但有所不同。如果賓語從句表示兩種可能性居其一時，只能用whether（ornot可?。豢捎胻hat。例如：Iwonderwhetherheknowsthemanager（ornot）.我不知道他是否認識經(jīng)理。Idoubtwhetherthenewsistrueornot.我懷疑這消息是不是真的。=1doubtwhetherornotthenewsistrue.如果賓語從句表示的是一種事實，不帶有兩種可能的性質(zhì)，要用that,不用whethero例如：Idonotdoubtthatshewillwaitforyou.我不懷疑她會等你的。Iaskedthatshe（should）comeimmediately.我要她立即就來。Pleaseseethathedoestheworkwell.請務必讓他把工作做好。比擬：Iwonderwhetherhedidit.我想知道他是否做了那件事。（后可加ornot）Iwonderthathedidit.他竟然做了那件事，我感到很奇怪。（后不用。rnot）②whether..or可以引導讓步狀語從句，意為“無論，不管”，這時thatwecouldbuysomebooksonourwaybackinShanghai.我希望今年夏天到杭州去玩玩，并在返回的路上到上海買點書。Wemustbelievethateachoneofusisabletodosomethingwell,andthat,whenwediscoverwhatthissomethingis,wemustworkuntilwesucceed.我們應該相信，我們每個人都能有所作為，當我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個某種東西是什么，我們就必須工作，直到成功。Shewrotethatshewouldcomeandseehimsometimes,andthatshe