初中英語定語從句關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞

定語從句講解及練習(xí)一、 定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(賓格who,所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where,when、why關(guān)系詞常有三個作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語從句2、代替先行詞3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句l.who指人，在從句中做主語⑴TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.如果先行詞是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用who或whom.例：Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?2.whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷?。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主語)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做賓語)that指人時，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主語)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做賓語)具體使用時還要注意下列問題1,只能使用由2&不用Which的情況：⑴先行詞是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代詞時。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.⑵先行詞被only,no,any,all,等詞修飾時。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾的詞。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.先行詞是形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級修飾的詞。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.先行詞既包括人又包括物時。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2,只用which不用that的情況：⑶非限制性定語從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。例如：Theboy,whoisgoodatsoccer,comesfromXinjiang.Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說明，通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理?史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。(非限)Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou這里有人要和你說話(限制性)⑷which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思是與andthis相似，并可以指人。例如：Hedidverywellinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.⑸如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個成員，則用who。whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?when指時間，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：門lneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作狀語。例如：Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity"介詞＋關(guān)系代詞"是一個普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)。"介詞＋關(guān)系代詞"可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。"介詞＋關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或which,不可用that。例:付thatthehouseinwhichyoulive?關(guān)系代詞whom，which在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，可以和介詞一起放于先行詞與定語從句之間，有時為了關(guān)系緊湊也可以將whom與which與先行詞緊挨著書寫，而將介詞置于定語從句的后面，如：Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.熱身練習(xí)請分析一下定語從句：(請劃出定語從句，并標(biāo)出先行詞)CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.二、用關(guān)系代詞填空：that、which、who、whom、whoseThisistheman wantstoseeyou.Thestudent answeredthequestionisZhangHua.Theman youwenttoseehascome.Theman Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.Thewoman yousawisourgeographyteacher.Therunner youareaskingaboutisoverthere.Hereisthepen youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.Thesebooks youlentmewereveryuseful.Thisisshirt Iboughtyesterday.Adictionaryisabook givesthemeaningtotheword.Showmetheboy motherisawell-knownsinger.Theboy fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.三、單項(xiàng)選擇( )1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady comesfromBeijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose( )2.Thestudentswereallinterested youtoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything( )3.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice wasinvited.A.whomB.whose C.that D.which( )4.Thisisthemuseum wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.which D.inthat( )5.Charlietoldhismotherall hadhappened.A.thatB.what C.which D.who( )6.Doyouknowthestudent ?A.whomIoftentalk B.withwhoIoftentalkC.Ioftentalkwith D.thatIoftentalk( )7.Ilikethehouse windowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who’s C.it's D.its( )8.Theyoungwoman Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.who B.towhom C.whom D.that定語從句中關(guān)系副詞的用法定語從句中的關(guān)系副詞有三個：when,where和why,它們在定語從句中分別作時間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語。其句法結(jié)構(gòu)如下：表時間的名詞+when+定語從句when指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。例句：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.表地點(diǎn)的名詞+where+定語從句where指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例句：Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.表原因的名詞reason+why+定語從句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定語從句中,在定語從句中作原因狀語。)例句：ThatisthereasonwhyIdidthejob.(在現(xiàn)代英語中why可以省略)上句也可以這樣表示：ThatisthereasonIdidthejob.又如：Thiswasthereason(why)weraisedthetemperature.關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中的用法看似簡單，以下注意點(diǎn)不可忽視：1)“when”、“where”和“why”的運(yùn)用取就于表時間的名詞、表地點(diǎn)的名詞和表原因的名詞reason在定語從句中所作的成分，比較下面的幾組句子：IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstmetyouontheseashore.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherinXueyaoMiddleSchool.*Thisisthehospitalwheremymotherworks.*Thisisthehospitalwhich/thatwevisitedthedaybeforeyesterday.**Thereasonwhyhedidnotgotoschoolisthathewasill.**Thisisthereasonwhich/thathegavehisbossintheoffice.2)“when”、“where”和“why”都可以替換成“介詞+which”，介詞的選用取就于先行詞和定語從句中的動詞。例如：DoyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwefirstmetinNantong?(onwhich=when)Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.(inwhich=where)DoyouknowthereasonforwhichherefusedtogotoMary’sbirthdayparty.(forwhich=why)有時定語從句中介詞短語和動詞有意義緊密的修飾關(guān)系，尤其在非限制性定語從句中，常使用“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)，而不使用關(guān)系副詞。例如：Mymotherworksinafactory,infrontofwhichthereisasmallriver.Atnightthesoldiersgottoasmallhill,atthefootofwhichstoodafarmhouse.3)關(guān)系副詞“when”、“where”既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。例如：IwillalwaysrememberthedaywhenIfirstvisitedtheGreatWall.HecametoShanghaiin1980,whenhewasonly12.Idon’tknowtheexactspotwheretheywillmeet.MrWangwillflytoBeijing,wherehewillstayforthreemonths.有時關(guān)系副詞“when”、“where”引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句和先行詞有間隔的現(xiàn)象，是為了平衡句子的語法需要。DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?ThedaysaregoneforeverwhentheChinesepeopleused“foreignoil.”.“that”可活用為關(guān)系副詞，相當(dāng)于“when,where、why”和“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)，尤其在“thetimewhen”等結(jié)構(gòu)中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。ImayleavehereanytimeIwantto.DuringthetimeIwasthereIvisitedhimtwice.ThisismysecondtimeIhavecometoyourcountry.“which”有時可用作關(guān)系形容詞，這是“which”在非限制性定語從句中的特殊使用，如：Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmoking,whichadvicehedidnotfollow.定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1．Thisistheplace Johnwasborn?A．whichB．whereC.whenD．thatHeistheonlyperson Iwanttotalkto.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whose3．Isthisproblem theteacherexplainedlastweek?A．theoneB．thatC．whichD．one4．Thehighbuilding standfourpolicemenisthepolicestation．A．whichB．thatC．infrontofitD.infrontofwhich5．MymotherwillgiveMaryamodelplane shewillliketoplay．A．whichB．thatC．forwhich D．withwhich6．Thefilmbroughtthehours